SOLAF BIOLOGI SPM RESPIRASI

SOALAN STRUKTUR RESPIRASI

1 Diagram1.1 represents a model of the human lungs in the respiratory mechanism.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan model yang mewakili peparu manusia dalam mekanisma
pernafasan.

Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1

(a) Based on the model of the lungs in Diagram , what are the equivalent structures
F to the glass tube and the bell jar in the human respiratory system?
R Berdasarkan model peparu dalam Rajah , apakah struktur setara antara salur
kaca dan serkup kaca dalam sistem pernafasan manusia?

Glass tube/ salur kaca:

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Bell jar/ serkup kaca

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[2 m]

(b)(i) The thin rubber sheet represents the diaphragm in the human respiratory system.
F What is the function of the thin rubber sheet in the model of the lungs?
R Kepingan getah nipis mewakili diaphragm dalam sistem pernafasan manusia.
Apakah fungsi kepingan getah nipis dalam model peparu?

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[1 m]

(ii) The balloons represent the human lungs.

A Explain one characteristic of the balloons which is similar to the human lungs.
R Belon-belon mewakili peparu manusia.
Jelaskan satu ciri belon yang menyamai peparu manusia.

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[2m]
(c)(i) The strings in the model of the lungs is pulled down.

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F Draw the changes to the thin rubber sheet and the balloons in Diagram 4.2 below.
S
Tali dalam model peparu ditarik ke bawah.
Lukiskan perubahan kepada kepingan getah nipis dan belon-belon dalam Rajah 4.2

Diagram 4.2 / Rajah 4.2

[1 m]

(ii) Observe your drawing in (c)(i).

F Explain the relationship between the changes in the model of the lungs you have
T drawn and the real human respiratory system.

Perhatikan lukisan anda di (c)(i).

Huraikan perkaitan antara perubahan-perubahan dalam model peparu yang anda
lukis dengan sistem pernafasan manusia yang sebenarnya.

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[3 m]

(d)(i) The percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in inspired and expired air is
A Determined by using J-tube.Why is the end of the J-tube dipped in potassium
T hydroxide solution and then followed by potassium pyrogallol solution.
Peratus oksigen dan karbon dioksida dalam udara sedutan dan udara hembusan
ditentukan menggunakan salur-J. Mengapakah hujung salur-J dibenam dalam
larutan kalium hidroksida dan kemudian dibenam pula dalam larutan kalium
piragalol.

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[1 m]

(ii) Table 4.3 shows the result of a study on the content of inspired and expired air.
AN Jadual 4.3 menunjukkan keputusan kajian ke atas kandungan udara sedutan dan
R udara hembusan.

Type of gas Inspired gas/% Expired gas / %

Jenis gas Udara sedutan / % Udara hembusan/ %

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Oxygen 21.0 16.0

Oksigen
Carbon dioxide 0.04 4.0
Karbon dioksida
Nitrogen gas 78.0 78.0
Gas nitrogen
Water vapour Vary Saturated
Wap air Berubah-ubah Tepu
Table 3.3/ Jadual 4.3

Explain why there is an increase in percentage of carbon dioxide in the expired air.
Jelaskan mengapa terdapat pertambahan peratusan karbon dioksida dalam udara
hembusan?

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[2 m]

2 Diagram shows human respiratory system.

Rajah menunjukkan sistem respirasi manusia

(a) Label the structure P, Q and R.

P Labelkan struktur P,Q dan R
R [3m]

(b)(i) What happen to structure labelled Q and R during when we inhale air?
P Apakah yang berlaku kepada struktur Q dan R apabila kita menarik nafas?
R
Q : .................................................................................................................................

R : .................................................................................................................................
[2m]

(ii) What is the effect of the activity in (b)(i) to the thoracic cavity?
F Apakah kesan ke atas rongga toraks apabila keadaan di (b)(i) berlaku?
R
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[2 m]

(c)(i) Inhalation air enter S. Name S.

P Udara yang disedut berkumpul di S.
T Namakan S.

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[1m]

(ii) Draw the arrow to show direction of oxygen and carbon dioxide moving during gases
P exchange.
R Lukiskan pada rajah di bawah arah pergerakan oksigen dan karbon dioksida
semasa proses pertukaran gas.

[1m]

(iii) State one characteristic of S to enable the process of gases exchange take place
P efficiently.
R Berikan SATU ciri struktur S yang membolehkan gas melaluinya
dengan cekap

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[1m]

(d) Explain how oxygen in the blood transport to all body cell.
F Terangkan bagaimana oksigen yang berada di dalam darah diangkut ke semua sel
T tubuh.

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[3m]

3 Diagram shows concentration of substance Y in student’s blood during and after

AN vigorous activity

Rajah menunjukkan kepekatan bahan Y dalam darah seorang pelajar semasa dan
selepas melakukan senaman cergas.

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(a)(i) Name substance Y.

P Namakan bahan Y
T
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[1m]

(ii) Name type of respiration process which caused accumulation of substance Y in the
P muscle cells of the student.
S Nyatakan jenis respirasi yang menyebabkan bahan Y terkumpul di dalam sel-sel
otot pelajar tersebut.

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[1m]

(iii) Explain how substance Y produce from the process you named in (a)(ii).
F Terangkan bagaimana bahan Y terhasil daripada jenis respirasi yang anda
T nyatakan di (a)(ii).

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[2m]

(b) Base on the graph above, explain what happen to oxygen intake along time taken P
ST and Q.
S Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 3, terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada pengambilan
oksigen disepanjang tempoh P dan Q ?

P :..……………………………………………………………………………………………...

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SOLAF BIOLOGI SPM RESPIRASI

..……………………………………………………………………………………………….

..……………………………………………………………………………………………….

[2m]

Q: ...………………………………………………………………………………………….…

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[2m]

(c)(i) The process you named in (a)(ii) also can take place in yeast.
F State one difference between both process
T Respirasi yang anda nyatakan dalam (a)(ii) juga berlaku dalam yis.
Berikan satu perbezaan antara kedua-dua proses.

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[1m]

(ii) Yeast needed in food industry. Explain the statement.

ST Yis diperlukan dalam industri makanan. Terangkan pernyataan tersebut.
S
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[3m]

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