FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

CAWANGAN SARAWAK LABORATORY 3 & 4

COURSE HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE ECG344

LEVEL OF OPENNESS 1

CATEGORY PARTIALLY OPEN

DEGREE OF OPEN-ENDED (%) 33

PERIOD OF ACTIVITY 2 WEEKS

TRAFFIC FLOW MEASUREMENT & ANALYSIS (TRAFFIC VOLUME & JUNCTION

TITLE CAPACITY STUDY)

Introduction
Level 1 laboratory activity refers to condition where the problem and ways & means
are guided and given to the students. However the answers to the assignment are left
to the students to solve using the group creativity and innovativeness. The activity is
hoping to slowly introduce and inculcates independent learning amongst students and
prepare them for a much harder task of open-ended laboratory activities.

Traffic flows can be reasonably well when the rate of flow is less than at capacity, but
excessive delay and congestion can occur when the rate of flow is at or near
capacity. In this laboratory activity students will be exposed to the appropriate
methods to carry out Traffic Volume Study.

Objectives
PREAMBLE The objective of the test is:

1. To determine the vehicle composition, trend and movement pattern in the

traffic flow stream of an unsignalised intersection

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:

1. Organizing the traffic intersection study at the un-signalized intersection and

analyze the peak hour factor and traffic volume measurement.
2. Produce laboratory report in a team
3. Work in group to produce technical report.

©FKA, UiTM, Sarawak SEPT 2019- Jan 2020

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
CAWANGAN SARAWAK LABORATORY 3 & 4

Theoretical Background

Traffic volume is defined as the number of vehicles crossing a section of road per unit
time. Traffic volume studies are conducted to collect data on the number of vehicles
that pass a point on a highway facility during a specified time period. High traffic
volume can affect the operation of the road as well as the intersection.
Beside that Traffic Volume Study is to estimate variable such as:

 ADT (average daily traffic )

 Classification count
 Percentage of commercial vehicles
 Characteristic and pattern of traffic flow
 Others

Recently, the top management of UiTM Cawangan Sarawak has received a few
complaints made by students and staffs on the traffic congestion, especially during the
PROBLEM peak hours at the main Gate UiTM Campus Samarahan. Rapid development in UiTM
STATEMEN may be the main cause of this problem. Ineffective junction operations can cause
T severe traffic congestion, thus affecting the surrounding environment. Therefore, the
campus management has appointed your group to do a traffic assessment to on the
traffic volume at a predetermine intersection.

Apparatus

I. multi-gang tally counter

II. Stop watch
III. Clip board and field data survey forms

Procedure
IV. Perform necessary preparation such as an accurate watch and set the correct
time, sufficient pens, field data forms and clipboards, mechanical hand tally
counters that are in good condition, safety vest.
V. Select and sketch the layout of the junction (study area) with census
station numbered for each junction arm. The census station must be a
strategic location (safe for the enumerator).
WAYS &
VI. Enumerators should arrive 15 to 30 minutes earlier at the site in order to
MEANS
familiarize with the location, fill in the general information of the tally forms that
(Guided)
comprised of enumerator’s name , time and date of survey name of site and
weather condition. Identify the current traffic movement (through, left turn and
right turn) and begin at the planed time.
VII. Select proper observes’ positions so they can see clearly, safely and easily
count the traffic.
VIII. Set a stop watch for the desired count interval required every 15 minutes.
Counting should be done for duration of 1-hour.
IX. Count the different classification of vehicle and the number of vehicles for each
directional movement.
X. Data are reviewed after the survey for any unusual pattern and for its accuracy
and then data analysis.

©FKA, UiTM, Sarawak SEPT 2019- Jan 2020

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
CAWANGAN SARAWAK LABORATORY 3 & 4

Data Acquisition
Form 1a

HIGHWAY TITLE:
ENGINEERING TRAFFIC VOLUME
(ECG304) CHARACTERISTICS
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI STUDIES
MARA LABORATORY
Station ref. : Enumerator:
Direction : Job No./Sheet No.:
Date : Weather:
Time : Start : Interval recorded:
End : minutes
Class of road:
TIME VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION
Car/taxi Van/L.G.V M.G.V H.G.V Bus M/c Others

NOTE: L.G.V = Light Good Vehicle (< 3tonne) – include utiity vehicle
(pickup)
M.G.V = Medium Good Vehicle – two axles
H.G.V = Heavy Good Vehicle (Large lorry, trailer, heavy vehicle
with 3 axles and more)
M/c = Motorcycle, P/c = Pedal cycle

©FKA, UiTM, Sarawak SEPT 2019- Jan 2020

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
CAWANGAN SARAWAK LABORATORY 3 & 4

Table 1a: conversion of Vehicle/hour into PCU/hour

Type of vehicles Total in Vehicle/hr Conversion factor Total in PCU/hr

Car/taxi
Van/L.G.V
Medium Good
Vehicle
Heavy Good
Vehicle
Motorcycle
Bus
TOTAL TOTAL

Percentage of commercial vehicles,

van/LGV + MGV + HGV + Bus

Pc = [ Total no of vehicles. ] × 100

Table 1b: conversion factors to PCU

Type of Equivalent Value in PCU

Vehicle
Rural Urban Round Traffic Signal
Standards Standards About Design
Design

Passenger 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Cars

Motorcycles 1.00 0.75 0.75 0.33

Light Vans 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

Medium 2.50 2.50 2.80 1.75

Lorries

Heavy 3.00 3.00 2.80 2.25

Lorries

Busses 3.00 3.00 2.80 2.25

©FKA, UiTM, Sarawak SEPT 2019- Jan 2020

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
CAWANGAN SARAWAK LABORATORY 3 & 4

Form 1b1

Date:_________________________

Day/Time:______________________

Location:______________________

Observer:_______________________

Weather:________________________

Street:________________________

Direction:_______________________

Time Left Turn Straight Right Turn & U-

Turn (if any)

TOTAL

Form 1b2: TRAFFIC VOLUME & TURNING MOVEMENT COUNT DIAGRAM

FOR INTERSECTION

©FKA, UiTM, Sarawak SEPT 2019- Jan 2020

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
CAWANGAN SARAWAK LABORATORY 3 & 4

Group
Date/Day *NOTES
Time L Turn Left
Weather S Straight
Observers R Turn Right including U turn

#3
#2
S Total
Total R
R

#1

TRAFFIC VOLUME NAME OF ROAD

#1 #2 #3 TOTAL L R #1
R #2
S #3
L
Total

Data from field work must be verify and check for its accuracy before further analyzing is
done. The results of the study may be presented in the following format;

i. In a summary traffic flow tables.

ii. Pie chart to show proportions of volumes by type of vehicles.

iii. Histogram and graph (line graph) to illustrate traffic volume over time.

Traffic Volume Diagram at Intersection which gives the direction and volume of all
movements

The group is required to submit the technical report of the laboratory results
highlighting the data acquisition process, analysis carried out and the relevancy of the
set-out output to achieve the objective.In the report each group must present solutions
ANSWER to the problem that may arise in the traffic intersection studies based on the data
S obtained from the laboratory tests.
(Open)
The report must be submitted 7 days after the laboratory date

©FKA, UiTM, Sarawak SEPT 2019- Jan 2020