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MG3700A
Vector Signal Generator
Application Note
- Multiple Source Synchronization for MIMO -
Anritsu
September 2007
(1.00)
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 1
Introduction
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 2
1
Contents
• MIMO Technology 4
• MIMO Receiver Test 11
• Synchronous Frequency on Common
Reference Oscillator 13
• Synchronous Timing Alignment of Baseband
Signal Generation 14
• Phase Synchronous RF Signal Generation 18
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 3
MIMO Definitions
Spatial channel
Input Output
• MIMO Transmitter Receiver
– Receiver beamforming
• MISO
» Multiple Input Single Output
– Transmitter diversity Transmitter Receiver
– Transmitter beamforming
• MIMO-MU
» Multiple Input Multiple Output - Multiple User
Transmitter Transmitter
Receiver Receiver
Transmitter
Receiver
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 4
2
MIMO Concept
• MIMO offers a higher transmission rate for the same bandwidth using
spatial multiplexing with parallel data streams.
R bps
Serial Parallel
Data to to 2 × R bps
Parallel Serial
R bps
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 5
• 3GPP
– Release ’99
• WCDMA Transmit diversity (2×1 MISO)
– STTD: Space Time Transmit Diversity
– TSTD: Time Switched Transmit Diversity
– Release 7
• HSPA+
– HSDPA-MIMO (28 Mbps)
– Release 8
• LTE
– MIMO-OFDMA
• IEEE802.11n
– Wi-Fi WLAN
– Minimum two spatial streams Maximum four spatial streams
• SDM-MIMO SDM: Spatial Division Multiplexing
• BF-MIMO or SVD-MIMO (option) BF: Beamforming SVD: Singular Value Decomposition
• STBC (option) (2×1 MISO) STBC: Space Time Block Coding
– Similar to transmit diversity technique
• IEEE802.16e
– Mobile WiMAX
• STC-MIMO (Matrix A option) (2×1 MISO) STC: Space Time Coding
– Similar to transmit diversity technique
• SM-MIMO (Matrix B option) SM: Spatial Multiplexing
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 6
3
SDM and SM
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 7
• SM/SDM
SM/SDM
Ch2 Ch2
Modulator h22
F D B F D B
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 8
4
Basic Transmitter Model
• SDM-MIMO
For WLAN, Channel
PSDU Encoder
Puncturer NSS = NTX
NTX Transmit antennas
Frequency Constellation
IFFT GI Insertion RF Chain
Interleaver Mapper
Spatial
Stream Baseband Clock
NSS Spatial Streams Nc Subcarriers
Parser & LO
Frequency Constellation
IFFT GI Insertion RF Chain
Interleaver Mapper
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 9
Constellation
RF Chain GI Removal FFT
MIMO Demapper
LO & Time and Signal
Baseband Frequency Detection
Clock Synchronization for
Subcarriers Constellation
RF Chain GI Removal FFT
Demapper
Estimation and
compensation
Channel
Estimation
Deinterleaver
Spatial For WLAN,
Channel
Stream PSDU
Decoder
Demultiplexer
Soft decision
Deinterleaver Viterbi decoding
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 10
5
MIMO Receiver Test
• Single source
» Receiver testing starts with single channel tests using a single signal
source. Receiving antenna chains are tested separately.
» Simulation of signal conditions is comparatively simple.
Signal source
Receiver
Spatial stream 1 B
Spatial stream 2
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 11
• Multiple source
» Consider needs for the following:
– Timing alignment of baseband signals because of different arrival time
– Requirement for common local oscillator due to phase-coherence between
signal generators
Signal source
Spatial stream 1
Receiver
Spatial stream 2
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 12
6
Synchronous Frequency on Common Reference
Oscillator
• Common 10 MHz reference signal for multiple signal generators
allows synchronization of each generating frequency.
MG3700A
I
I/Q Baseband I/Q IF RF
Generator Modulator t
Q
Clock Carrier LO
∆φ Same frequency
10 MHz Frequency Frequency Frequency
Synthesizer Synthesizer Synthesizer
Reference
Oscillator
MG3700A
I
I/Q Baseband I/Q IF RF
Generator Modulator t
Q
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 13
I/Q signals
Spatial stream 1
t
Spatial stream 2
Spatial stream 2
t
t
I/Q signals 2
t
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 14
7
Synchronous Timing Alignment of Baseband
Signal Generation
• When two spatial streams on baseband generated with time difference,
» 2×1 MISO
One MG3700A unit cannot provide correlation with RF delay at any delay time
setting.
t
Spatial stream 1 I/Q signals 1
MG3700A t
I/Q signals
Spatial stream 1
t
Spatial stream 2
Spatial stream 2
t
t
I/Q signals 2
Delay
t
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 15
t
10 MHz
I/Q signals 1
MG3700A #1 t
Spatial stream 1
Spatial stream 1
t
I/Q signals
∆φ
MG3700A #2
Spatial stream 2
Spatial stream 2
t
t
I/Q signals 2
t
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 16
8
Synchronous Timing Alignment of Baseband
Signal Generation
• The two separate baseband clock for each of MG3700A I/Q
baseband generator do not be phase-locked.
MG3700A I/Q Baseband Generator
D/A Module
20 k to 20 MHz Interpolator 80 M to 160 MHz
Baseband Memory 200 M to 400 MHz
Start trigger
MG3700A #1 fs clock
MG3700A #2 fs clock
MG3700A #2 I/Q
Maximum timing error ∆t 1/fs sec (e.g. fs 100 MHz, ∆t 10 ns)
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 17
t
10 MHz
I/Q signals 1
MG3700A #1 t
Spatial stream 1
Spatial stream 1
t
I/Q signals
∆φ → 0
MG3700A #2
Spatial stream 2
Spatial stream 2
t
t
I/Q signals 2
t
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 18
9
Technique for Calibrating RF Signal Phase
Example of oscilloscope display
10 MHz
MG3700A #1
→t
Frequency ƒc
Suitable output level for mixer spec.
Modulation Off
LO
IF Voltmeter or
Oscilloscope
0.1 Hz
RF (0.01 Hz)
MG3700A #2
10 sec (100 sec)
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 19
(degrees)
→°
Frequency ƒc
Suitable output level for mixer spec.
Modulation Off
LO
IF Voltmeter or
Oscilloscope
DC
RF
MG3700A #2
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 20
10
Phase Stability and Repeatability
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 21
30
-30
-60
-90
0 5 10 15 20
Elapsed Time [hours]
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 22
11
Measured Phase difference at 5.8 GHz
90
60
Phase Difference [deg]
30
-30
-60
-90
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Elapsed Time [hour]
MG3700A-E-F-13 Slide 23
12
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Anritsu Corporation
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Please Contact:
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