

Gilligan argues that moral judgment is similar to

a. free-verse poetry.
b. ambiguous figure perception.
c. a computer algorithm.
d. diagnostic medicine.
 According to Gilligan, one moral perspective currently dominates psychological thinking and
is embedded in the most widely used measure for assessing the maturity of moral reasoning:
namely,
a. the care perspective.
b. the justice perspective.
c. the utilitarian perspective.
d. the Kantian perspective.
 Gilligan characterizes the care perspective in terms of
a. feelings.
b. attachment.
c. understanding.
d. all of the above.
 Gilligan characterizes the justice perspective in terms of
a. thinking.
b. equality.
c. respect.
d. all of the above.
 Gilligan claims that her findings show
a. an association between moral orientation and gender.
b. why previous thinking about moral development has been organized largely
within the justice framework
c. both a and b.
d. neither a nor b.
 According to Gilligan, there is an empirical association of ____________ reasoning with
__________ that suggests discrepancies between moral theory and the moral judgments.
a. justice; men
b. justice; women
 c. care; men
d. care; women
 Gilligan claims that, in shifting one's perspective from justice to care, one changes the moral
question from “What is just?” to
a. “What is good?”
b. “What manifests respect?”
c. “How should we be virtuous?”
d. “How should we respond?”
 On Gilligan's view, as a framework for moral decision, care is grounded on the assumption
that
a. self and other are interdependent.
b. personal identity is not what matters.
c. the distant needy are less important than one's flourishing neighbors.
d. the mother/child relationship is the primary moral relationship.
 According to Gilligan, evidence from empirical studies provides affirmative answers to which
of following questions?
a. Do people articulate concerns about justice and concerns about care in discussing
a moral dilemma?
b. Do people tend to focus their attention on one set of concerns and minimally
represent the other?
c. Is there an association between moral orientation and gender?
d. all of the above
 Gilligan argues that if women were eliminated from the research samples,
a. the justice perspective would disappear.
b. the care perspective would disappear.
c. the fairness perspective would disappear.
d. the equality perspective would disappear.

How many stages are in Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

12
4
6
8
Which of the following is not a criticism of Kohlberg's theory?
Not enough emphasis on behavior
Does not cite influence of parents
His findings focused on children being too egocentric
Progression through stages isn't always exactly as he predicts

In the context of Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning, under which stage would the given
typical response of a child fall? “Your parents will be proud of you if you are honest. So you
should be honest.”

(a) Social contract orientation

(b) Punishment-obedience orientation

(c) Good girl-good boy orientation

(d) Law and order orientation

Answer: (c)

According to the pre-conventional level of Kohlberg's theory, to which of the following would
an individual turn when making a moral decision?

(a) Personal needs and desires

(b) Individual values

(c) Family expectations

(d) Potential punishment involved

Answer: (d)

In Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, which level signifies the absence of morality in the true
sense?

(a) Level III

(b) Level IV

(c) Level I

(d) Level II

Answer: (c)

According to Kohlberg, a teacher can instill moral values in children by

(a) giving strict instructions on 'how to behave'

(b) involving them in discussions on moral issues

(c) laying clear rules of behaviour

(d) giving importance to religious teachings

Answer: (b)

What is a major criticism of Kohlberg's theory?

(a) Kohlberg did not give clear cut stages of moral development.

(b) Kohlberg proposed a theory without any empirical basis.

(c) Kohlberg proposed that moral reasoning is developmental.

(d) Kohlberg did not account for cultural differences in moral reasoning of men and women.

Answer: (d)

Three levels of moral development, comprising six stages, were proposed by

a Martin Hoffman.
b Lawrence Kohlberg.
c Jean Piaget.
d Sigmund Freud.

Ans b

The sense of right and wrong is most highly associated with what?
a. distributive justice
b. empathy
c. shame
d. morality

Ans D

Based on Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning, which statement is true about moral
development and children’s behavior in the classroom?
a. Children show the highest degree of problems in stage 2 because they subscribe to the
rationale, “You hit me and I will hit you back.”
b. Children show a high degree of behavior problems in stage 1 because they do no moral
thinking.
c. Children show the highest degree of problem behaviors in stage 4 because they feel that rules
are unimportant and they can do as they please.
d. No relationship has been found between moral stages and children’s behavior in the classroom
because they are independent developmental domains.

Ans. a

According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, a human being’s moral development is a

process of what?
a. gradually internalizing societal values of right and wrong
b. recognizing the things that can benefit other people and what can cause harm to others
c. progressing through a series of standard stages of levels of morality
d. progressing through hierarchical levels in which an individual develops the ability to regulate
emotions

Ans. c

The three major aspects of moral development include

a. stimulus, response, and consequences.
b. individual, family, and society.
c. id, ego, and superego.
d. thoughts, behaviors, and feelings.

Ans d

____________ reasoning focuses on thoughts about social consensus; ____________ reasoning

emphasizes ethical issues.
a. Social conventional; moral
b. Moral; social conventional
c. Social cognitive; moral
d. Social conventional; social cognitive

Ans. a