Speculation by Theoretical Physicists about a Multiverse

I. Supposed Reasons for Believing in a Multiverse, as brought out by Brian

Greene in the Nova documentary (https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=8lRBWvBPQRw):
A. First reason: The universe is expanding at an ever-increasing rate of
expansion. This is a known fact.
1. One possible explanation is that this expansion is caused by dark
energy
a. “In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an
unknown form of energy which is hypothesized to permeate all
of space, tending to accelerate the expansion of the universe”
(Wikipedia under “Dark Energy”).
b. What is the significance of dark energy being a hypothesis?
Notice the definition of hypothesis: “In science, a hypothesis is
an idea or explanation that you then test through study and
experimentation. Outside science, a theory or guess can also be
called a hypothesis. A hypothesis is something more than a wild
guess but less than a well-established theory. In science, a
hypothesis needs to go through a lot of testing before it gets
labeled a theory. In the non-scientific world, the word is used a
lot more loosely. A detective might have a hypothesis about a
crime, and a mother might have a hypothesis about who spilled
juice on the rug. Anyone [layperson or scientist] who uses the
word hypothesis is making a guess”
(https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/hypothesis).
2. Assuming dark energy exists and is the reason for the increasing rate
of expansion, then it is true that just the right amount of dark energy
exists for a universe with life to be possible. This amount is 10 -120 times
smaller what scientific theory predicts. But (as brought out in the
video), if this amount of dark energy were changed by 5 decimal points
to 10-115 times smaller than predicted, a universe that supports life
would not be possible.
3. Because of this extreme fine-tuning, the claim is made that such fits
the multiverse hypothesis. That is, if there were an infinite number of
universes, then, supposedly there would be at least 1 universe with the
amount of dark matter fine-tuned so that life would be possible.
4. That this is not a solid basis for believing in a multiverse is shown by
the following:
a. Dark energy is still only a hypothesis, an educated guess still
lacking proof. Thus, to hypothesize that there is a multiverse
because there is hypothesized dark energy (and a universe with
life) is to propose a hypothesis based upon another hypothesis.
This is very slippery ground to base beliefs upon.
b. Proposing an infinite number of universes does not guarantee
that at least one would exist with the necessary amount of dark
 matter. It would be possible for an infinite number of universes
to exist that only varied as to the value of the force of gravity. If
we arbitrarily assign a value of 1 to the force of gravity in our
universe, we could have an infinite number of universes that
have varying values of the force of gravity in each, and all of the
values have a strength relative to the force of gravity in our
universe between 1 and 2. (For example, values of 1.1, 1.01,
1.001, 1.001, ad infinitum.) Since there are an infinite number
of rational numbers between 1 and 2, this is a distinct possibility.
Thus, appealing to an infinite number of universes does not
automatically solve anything.
5. However, the fine-tuning evident in the hypothesized dark energy can
also be put forth as evidence for its source being an intelligent Creator.
A Creator who creates a single universe with the purpose of it
supporting life would have to set the physical values of what make up
that universe to be ones that would support life. Thus, we see gravity,
the weak nuclear force, the strong nuclear force, and the amount of the
hypothesized dark energy, to be exactly what would be required for life
to exist.
6. Which concept, that of a multiverse or of an intelligent Creator, is the
better logical choice will be discussed below.
B. Second reason: This reason is connected with string theory. “In physics,
string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle
physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings” (Wikipedia under
“String Theory”).
1. As pointed out in the video, current string theory states that there are
several extra dimensions to space, and the possible number of shapes
for these dimensions is 10500.
2. Since this is an astronomical number of possibilities, and since the
shape of the dimensions in our universe has helped to make life in it
possible, some feel that this is an indication that there are an infinite
number of universes, each having one of the possible shapes for its
dimensions, and at least one of them turning out to be just right for
supporting life.
3. However, if string theory is correct (and it is still just a theory), then the
fact that the shapes of the dimensions in our universe are set correctly
for life to be possible can also be put forth as evidence for an
intelligent Creator, one who designed the universe with life as its
ultimate purpose.
C. Third reason: A multiverse could exist without there being a better or
deeper explanation for its existence.
1. The basis for this thought is that there are supposedly things that exist
for which there is no logical explanation, chance alone being the
explanation.
2. The earth is 93 million miles from the sun, which is within a small zone
which enables life to be possible upon the earth. There is no physical
 law which would have caused the earth to be at this distance, so,
according to some, we have to assume that this is just a chance
occurrence in a universe with billions of planets.
3. Such thinking is just a cop-out, that is, “something that avoids dealing
with a problem in an appropriate way” (http://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/cop%E2%80%93out).
4. The reason for the earth being just the right distance from the sun can
be explained as being the action of an intelligent Creator, one who
“formed and made the earth--- he made it firm and lasting. He did not
make it a desolate waste, but a place for people to live” (Isaiah 45:18;
Good News Bible).
5. Thus, we are not forced to accept blind chance as the source of what
we cannot explain by purely physical means.

II. Which is more plausible, the universe or the multiverse?

A. In regard to all the proposed reasons for believing in a multiverse, we have
shown that believing in a universe with an intelligent Creator gives solid
explanation for the known phenomena of an increased expansion rate of the
universe and the earth’s distance from the sun being agreeable to the existence
of life. A universe with an intelligent Creator also explains why the shape of the
dimensions in string theory are set to be ones that enable life to exist.
B. A multiverse needs a source for its existence just as much as a universe
needs a source. Every effect must have a cause.
C. So we come down to this: Which is more logical, a universe with a Creator,
or an infinite number of universes with a creator (or even multiple creators, if you
like).
D. In deciding this question, the logical principle known as Occam’s Razor is
helpful. This principle is: “Among competing hypotheses, the one with the
fewest assumptions should be selected” (Wikipedia under “Occam’s Razor”).
1. Isaac Newton stated a similar principle, first of his “Rules of Reasoning
in Philosophy” in his Principia Mathematica: “We are to admit no more
causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to
explain their appearances.”
2. In applying these principles to our question, we find an infinite number
of universes (with one or more creators for them as a group), to be a
much more complex explanation than a single universe (with its one
Creator).
3. Therefore, the simpler explanation of one universe is to be preferred
over that of a multiverse.

III. Conclusion
A. The simplicity of a single universe with an intelligent Creator explains the
physical phenomena of the increasing expansion of the universe and the earth’s
distance from the sun, as well as the implications of string theory that there are a
large number of possible shapes of dimensions. A multiverse, where everything
that has led to the existence of our universe and life is a result of blind chance,
presents a complex picture that Occam’s Razor and Newton’s 1 st Rule of
Reasoning in Philosophy rule out as an unnecessarily complicated explanation.
B. Accepting the multiverse instead of an intelligent Creator as the source of the
world we live in, is a result of following logic that can be summed up as basically
this: “Look! They have rejected the very word of Jehovah, and what wisdom do
they have?” (Jeremiah 8:9; New World Translation).