Methodology

1. Preparation of Buffer Solution

Buffer needed: 50mL
Concentration: 0.50 M
Buffer Solution: Phosphate
pKa: 2.12
pH: 2.00
Computation:
Step 1:
[𝐵]
pH = pKa + log[𝐴]
[𝐵]
2.00 = 2.12 + [𝐴]
[𝐵]
2.00 – 2.12 = log[𝐴]
[𝐵]
antilog (-0.12 = log ) antilog
[𝐴]
[𝐵] 0.758577575 𝑀
=
[𝐴] 1
Step 2a: Acid component
M=B+A
0.50 = 0.758577575 + 1
0.50 𝑀 𝐴
Ratio: 758577575 = 1 𝑀
A = 0.2843206959 M
Step 2b: Base component
0.50 𝑀 𝐵
Ratio: 1.758577575 = 0.758577575
B = 0.2156793041 M
Step 3a: Actual volume of acid component
0.2843206959 𝑀 𝑥
= 0.05 𝐿
1𝐿
X = 0.0142160348 M
98𝑔 100 𝑔 1 𝑚𝐿
0.0142160348 M H3PO4 x x x
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 85 𝑔 1.70 𝑔
= 0.96417 mL H3PO4
Step 3b: Actual volume of base component
0.2156743041 𝑀 𝑥
=
1𝐿 0.05 𝑚𝐿
X = 0.010783965221 M
1138 𝑔
0.010783965221 M NaH2PO4 x = 1.4882 g NaH2PO4
1𝑀
 2. Colorimetric Determination of pH
Listed below are the results of the colorimetric determination of pH.
Acid- Base pH pH pH pH pH pH pH Distilled Alkaline
Indicators 2.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 7.50 8.00 12.00 Water Water
Thymol blue Clear Clear Clear White White White Red- White White
violet
Bromophenol Dark Red Red Dark Dark Dark Light Yellow- Dark
blue red yellow yellow yellow orange orange yellow

Bromocresol Light Light Light Light Light Light Light Light Light
green red yellow yellow yellow yellow yellow blue yellow yellow
Bromocresol Dark Red Orange Light Orange Orange Light Orange Orange
purple red Orange orange
Methyl red Yellow Yellow Blue- Blue Blue Blue Blue Blue Blue
green
Methyl orange Yellow- Yellow Yellow Yellow- Yellow- Light Light Yellow Yellow-
orange orange orange orange red orange

Phenolphthalein Yellow Green Dark Violet Violet Violet Violet Violet Violet
violet
Phenol red Yellow- Yellow- Purple Purple Purple Purple Purple Light Purple
green green violet