2019

DETERMINATION OF REFRACTIVE INDICES OF VARIOUS LIQUIDS USING A HOLLOW PRISM

NPS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

SUBMITTED TO-
Mr. Shailendra Pratap
Physics Teacher
NPS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

ABHIGYAN PRIYADARSAN
CLASS- 12 {XII}
10/5/2019
BOARD ROLL NO.-
SCHOOL ROLL NO.- 01
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

It is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine investigation work has
been carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the related data
collection and investigation has been completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily
done by ABHIGYAN PRIYADARSAN of Class XII, NPS INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL, LAKHRA, GUWAHATI, regarding the project titled,
“REFRACTIVE INDICES OF VARIOUS MEDIUMS”

Submitted for ALL INDIA SENIOR SECONDARY EXAMINATION held on

_____________ at NPS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, LAKHRA, GUWAHATI

………………………… …………………………….
School’s stamp Principal’s Signature

.………………………….. …………………………….
Internal Examiner External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of any task would be incomplete without mentioning

the names of those persons who helped to make it possible. I take this opportunity
to express my gratitude in few words and respect to all those who helped me in
the completion of this project.
It is my humble pleasure to acknowledge my deep senses of gratitude to my
Physics teacher, Mr. Shailendra Pratap for his valuable support, constant help
and guidance at each and every stage, without which this project would not have
come forth.
I also register my sense of gratitude to our principal, ____________________ for
immense encouragement that has made this project successful.
I would also like to thank my friends and family for encouraging me during the
course of this project.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank CBSE for giving us the opportunity
to undertake this project.
 Project Overview

 Aim
 Apparatus Required
 Theory
 Procedure
 Observations
 Conclusions
 Precautions
 Bibliography
Aim
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a hollow prism

Apparatus Required
 Hollow glass prism
 Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde, etc.
 Bell pins
 Drawing board
Theory
A prism is a transparent optical element with flat,
polished surfaces that refract light. Prisms can be made
from any material that is transparent including glass,
plastic and fluorite. A prism can be used to break light
up into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms can also
be used to reflect light, or to split light into components
with different polarizations.

The refractive index of the liquid

Is given by the formula:
U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
Procedure

 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help of drawing pins.

 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal PQ and place 2 pins
so that they appear to be in the straight line.

 Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid, on the marked outline ABC.

 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all the 4 pins appear to be
in same line.

 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so obtained.

 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

 Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of incidence.

 Observation

 Benzaldehyde
S.no a º(angle i º (angle of d º (angle of
of prism) incidence) deviation)
1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45

U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.504

 Water
S.n a º(angle i º (angle of d º (angle of
o of prism) incidence) deviation)
1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28

U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30) = 1.30
 Dil. Sulphuric Acid
S.n a º(angle i º (angle of d º (angle of
o of prism) incidence) deviation)
1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30

U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.351
 Conclusion

Refractive indices at room temperature:

 Benzaldehyde

o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504

 Water

o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.306

 Dil. Sulphuric acid

o Actual: 1.355
o Experimental: 1.351
 Precautions

 Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

 Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

 Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

 Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and incident ray.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. www.urbookdownload.com

2. www.toppr.com

3. www.topperlearning.com

4. www.seminarsonly.com

5. www.scribd.com

6. www.npsis.in

7. www.allprojectreports.com

8. www.academia.edu

9. www.1000sciencefairprojects.com

10. www.pdfsu.com

11. www.pdfslide.net