IJEEMI, Vol. 1, No.

1, July 2019
DOI: 10.1234/ijeeemi.v1i1.9xx ISSN:2656-8632

MONITORING RESPIRATORY RATE AND SPO2

VIA ANDROID (PARAMETER RESPIRATORY
RATE)
Hazhiyah Nur Amalina, I Dewa Gede Hari Wisana, Triana Rahmawati
Department of Electromedical Engineering Poltekkes Kemenkes, Surabaya
Jl. Pucang Jajar Timur No. 10, Surabaya, 60245, Indonesia
#
hazhiyahtekmed04@gmail.com, dewa@poltekkesdepkes-sby.ac.id, triana.tekmed@gmail.com,

Abstract— Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an airway obstructive disease due to chronic bronchitis or
emphysema. One of the causes of COPD is smoking. Monitoring respiratory rate is used to determine the value of the breathing rate for
one minute in passive and active smokers which aims to monitor the respiratory condition of outpatients and if there is an abnormal
value can be used as a warning to the beginning of the risk of smoking patterns of life. The purpose of this study is to make a breathing
rate monitoring device and SPO2 via Android (Respiratory Rate Parameter) using a flex sensor with analog output. the flex sensor
works based on resistance where the resistance changes depending on the bending received by the flex sensor which then the output of
the flex sensor enters the circuit difference. The output difference to the Arduino Mega Analog pin from the respiratory rate value is
displayed on the LCD 16x2 and on Android using Bluetooth as the sending medium. The results of the data collection of 5 respondents
with 6 data collection times got an error of 1.29%.

Keywords— Respirasi, Flex Sensor, Android.

I. INTRODUCTION can endanger lives [5]. Most COPD patients experience

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an
airway obstructive disease due to chronic bronchitis or
emphysema. One of the causes of COPD is smoking [1].
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) can cause
chronic pain and cause of death of individuals throughout the
world. It is estimated that in 2030 COPD is the third highest
cause of death in the entire world. In smokers who get
continuous exposure and last a long time with cigarette smoke
can cause disruption and changes in the airway mucosa [2].
COPD disease has a relationship that is directly proportional to
smoking, the more and more cigarettes consumed, the risk of
COPD increases. According to basic health research
(RISKESDAS) 2013, the average cigarette smoking per day of
the Indonesian population is 12.3 cigarettes, which is
equivalent to one pack of cigarettes [3].
In COPD patients there will be respiratory disorders that will
be increasingly common, when pulmonary function
deteriorates and the disease develops, the risk of hypoxia (a
condition of lack of oxygen supply in cells and body tissues to
carry out their normal functions) will also increase, symptoms
of hypoxia are breath short / fast and fast heartbeat [4].
Hypoxemia occurs because of the limited flow of air by
narrowing the airway, resulting in the supply of oxygen
entering the tissues disrupted and blood in the arteries lacking
oxygen resulting in a decrease in oxygen saturation. decrease in
oxygen saturation will have an impact on decreasing tissue
oxygenation and energy production on the ability of daily
patient activity, besides that it can occur respiratory failure that
hypoxia and hypoxemia (decrease in arterial blood oxygen
saturation)[4].
COPD will have a negative impact on the quality of life of
patients, including patients aged> 40 years. COPD comorbidity
will produce cardiovascular disease, the presence of asthma
etc. [6]. So it is necessary for cardiorespiratory monitoring in
COPD patients to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease
early. Cardiorespiratory monitoring is done by assessing the
RR (respiration rate) and SPO2. RR (respiration rate) is
obtained by calculating the number of cycles completed in one
minute [7].
In 2015 Wendi Era Sonata et al conducted a study entitled,
"Designing an ATmega8535 microcontroller based on human
respiratory rate measurement." This study was designed for
ATmega8535 microcontroller-based human respiratory rate
measuring devices and using LM35 temperature sensors, with
the basic concept of this system is counting the number of
breaths per minute based on the temperature of the air coming
out through the nostrils [8].
In 2015 Ahmad Zainudin et al conducted a study entitled,
"Measuring Lung Volume by utilizing a pressure sensor", This
study was designed to design a lung volume measuring device
using the MPX5100DP pressure sensor. The working principle
of this tool is that blowing is done by the user on the
venturimeter pipe that has been connected to the MPX5100DP

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pressure sensor with the output voltage value which is then fulfill the conditions of the provision there will be an Early
received by the Arduino microcontroller [9]. Warning in the form of an sms and send the percentage
In 2016 Farah Diska Bestari conducted a study entitled, percentage in the form of sms to the number that has been
"Monitoring Heart Rate, Respiration Rate equipped with a registered previously.
temperature sensor to the Personal Computer via Bluetooth
(respiration rate parameter)", This study was designed for
measuring human respiratory rate as an early diagnosis of SENSOR
respiratory abnormalities using sensors FC-04 by modifying FLEX
using Bluetooth and data storage [10].
In 2016 Mikki Fahrizi Maharrahman conducted a study
OP AMP
entitled, "PC-based (Personal Computer) Breathing Rate
Monitoring equipped with respiratory volume", This study was
designed for measuring human respiratory rate using
MPX5100 pressure sensors [11]. LCD 2X16
ARDUINO
Based on the identification of the above problems, the author MEGA 2560
intends to make "Respiratory Rate Monitoring and SPO2 Via BLUE
Android (Respiratory Rate Parameters)" which can know the TOOTH
value of one minute breathing rate in passive and active
smokers aimed at monitoring outpatient respiratory conditions
and if they occur abnormal values can be used as a warning to ANDROID
the beginning of the risk of a pattern of smoking life.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A. Experimental Setup Fig. 1. The diagram block of the Holter Monitor

This study used ten normal subjects with age criteria

ranging between 20 and 30 years. Subjects were taken
randomly and data collection was repeated 6 times. B. The Flowchart
1. Materials and Tool The initial command will initialize the session and LCD.
Then after completing the initialization process, the Flexy
This study uses a flex sensor to detect the value of sensor reads the breathing rate in one minute then passes it to
respiration. Flex sensors are installed in the abdomen in the microcontroller IC for processing. The data that has been
humans. difference signal set is based on the LM358 OP-AMP. managed will be sent on Android with Bluetooth and displayed
The Arduino Mega microcontroller is used for Respiration and on the LCD. To end the measurement process, the on / off
communication data acquisition to Android using the Bluetooth button must be pressed to the off position, then the
module HC-05. Digital storage oscilloscopes (Textronic, measurement process will end.
DPO2012, Taiwan) are used to test analog circuits.
2. Experiment BEGIN
The research design used in making the module is Pre-
experimental with the type After Only Design. In this design, INISIALISASI
the authors only use one group of subjects and only see the TIDAK
results without measuring and knowing the initial conditions, SENSOR FLEXY
but there is already a comparison group. Measurement of
BEKERJA DETEKSI RR
accuracy and accuracy is done 5 times in the experiment. YA

3. The Diagram Block DATA RR DIOLAH DI

MIKROKONTROLLER
In this research, when the power on / off is on position, the
whole circuit will get a voltage from the battery. Flexy sensor
output is analogous so it requires an OPMAP and ADC KIRIM DATA KE ANDROID
LCD 16X2
microcontroller circuit so that the output becomes digital, the DENGAN BLUETOOTH
measurement results will be sent and displayed to the LCD and
android using the Bluetooth transmitter HC-05. Android will
process the incoming data and from the android feature there is END
a facility to save data / 1s during monitoring. In the android
display there are several features, namely: alarm monitoring
Fig. 2. The Flowchart of the Arduino Program
time, save monitoring data in the form of an .txt file that is
automatically stored in HP internal memory, data that is not

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The initial command will initialize. Then after the
initialization process is complete, connect Bluetooth hardware
with Android Bluetooth, the patient enters data name and age,
then settings for monitoring time. Then the RR data is detected.
When patients set the time for monitoring data will be stored in
the android internal memory with the format. Txt. When 30
minutes will send the average RR value via SMS, if the RR
data shows it is not normal to eat the SMS feature will be
active and send abnormal data via SMS and notification for
follow-up.
Flex sensor is a sensor that will change the resistance value
when there is an arc on the sensor, so that when the flex sensor
experiences a curve, the Vout of the voltage distribution will
change depending on the resistance produced by the sensor
arch. The Vout formula of voltage distribution is as follows.
𝑅 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑
Vout = X Vin (1)
(𝑅 𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑥+𝑅 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑)

BEGIN Then the output of the voltage distribution will go into the
difference amplifier circuit. This circuit serves to eliminate Vin
on the non-inverting leg with Vin at the inverting leg and
Koneksi Bluetooth simultaneously functions to strengthen the difference between
the input voltage input. Multiturn functions to set if the sensor
is in a curved condition the output of the circuit is 0V. When
Set Nama dan Umur
the flex sensor is curved, the output of this circuit is no longer
0V, the output value of this circuit varies depending on the
DATA RR DI curvature that occurs in the flex sensor itself. The output of the
DETEKSI difference amplifier circuit is connected to the feet of the
Arduino nano A1
Save data pasien pada file
manager berformat.txt

Kirim nilai rata-rata dari RR setiap

1 jam ke android perawat via sms

RR 12-20/ MENIT

Fig. 4. Difference amplifier

TIDAK
Kirim data pasien yang tidak normal ke perawat via
sms dan notifikasi ke pasien pada android pasien
END
III. RESULTS
The use of flex sensors for reading bends the writer uses a
signal conditioning circuit in the form of a voltage divider. The
voltage divider circuit serves to convert changes in flex sensor
resistance to voltage changes. From voltage distribution then as
input V1 to the Differential Amplifier circuit, input V2 comes
from the distribution division on multiturn.

Fig. 3. The Flowchart of the Android Program

C. The Analog Circuit

Analog Circuits The circuit is the circuit difference that
describes in Fig. 4 (Difference circuit). This circuit is used to
process Flexy Sensors. Therefore it will be ready for digital
processing using Arduino.
1). Preamplifier Fig. 5. Flex Sensor Output during breathing

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int milidetik3;
//Inisialisasi tipe data timer milidetik1,2 dan 3
float average,average1, hasilrataspo,hasilratarr;
//Inisialisasi tipe data menjadi desimal
//=================RR===============
int flex,RPM, nafas,beat,respirasi,nafasmanual;
//Inisialisasi tipe data int untuk variable flex dll
int ref,hold, mark,count,detak,logikakomparator,mulai =0;
//Inisialisasi tipe data int dengan kondisi=0
unsigned long waktuRR,waktusekarangRR=0;
//Inisialisasi tipe data dengan banyak desimal dibuat untuk
waktu
unsigned int waktumonostabil = 0;
Fig. 6. Sensor circuit output after being difference //Inisialisasi tipe data dengan banyak desimal dibuat untuk
waktu dengan kondisi awal 0
Figure 6. is a measurement image on the output foot of the const int delayMonostabil=2000;//Inisialisasi tipe data
entire circuit or output signal of the difference amplifier circuit.
dengan batas 2000
The difference amplifier circuit functions to get logic 0 (zero)
in the expiration phase .. The measured amplitude value is 2.92
Volt. The increase occurs due to changes in the resistance of
the sensor so that there is a change in the division of voltage at
input voltage V1. Each patient has a different voltage change
depending on the pressure given by the stomach to the flex 1) Data transmission via bluetooth
sensor. The baudrate setting that we use is equal to 9600. Baudrate
settings are done by writing on the micro program listing and
1. The Listing Program basic initialization program at also setting configuration on the HC-05 module via AT-
arduino Command using software that accesses the module. The
Initialization here serves as the initial address to enter the Baudrade functions as the speed of sending sent by Android,
program on the micro controller. where the microcontroller sends data via the Bluetooth HC-05
Minimum system uses ArduinoMega with display display Transmitter and is received by an Android Bluetooth receiver.
using LCD16x2. LCD 16x2 displays the SPO2 value, RR and Listing Program 2. the program listing data transmission
the average of each parameter where MAX30100 uses pins A4 via bluetooth:
and A5 while RR uses pin A0. The SPO results are updated 2
seconds from the reading and the results of the Respiration
calculate the Respiration Rate and display the Respiration Rate
Serial.begin(9600); //setting baudrate yang digunakan
after 1 minute on the LCD.
if (milidetik3>=1000)
// setiap 1 detik mengirim data ke android dengan batas atau
Listing program 1. Program to send the ECG data to a parsing data |
computer {
//==========KIRIM DATA=========
#include "MAX30100_PulseOximeter.h" Serial.print (".");
// Inisialisasi Library MAX30100 Serial.print("|");
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> Serial.print (SPO2);
// Inisialisasi Library LCD 16x2 Serial.print("|");
LiquidCrystal lcd(12 ,11 ,5 ,4 ,3 ,2 ); Serial.print (respirasi);
//Inisialisasi Pin LCD 16x2 Serial.print("|");
int SPO2; Serial.print ( hasilrataspo);
//Inisialisasi variable SPO Serial.print("|");
#define REPORTING_PERIOD_MS 1000 Serial.print ( hasilratarr);
//Inisialisasi waktu yang digunakan MAX30100 Serial.println("|");
PulseOximeter pox; milidetik3=0;
//Inisialisasi mengupdate hasil pembacaan MAX30100 }
uint32_t tsLastReport = 0;
//==============TIMER============
unsigned long milidetik1;
unsigned long milidetik2;

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2) The Listing Program Readings SPO2 sensor and }

Respiration sensors. else
{
Listing Program 3. Program Readings SPO2 sensor and respirasi = detak;
Respiration sensors waktusekarangRR = millis();
detak = 0;
void loop() { }
//==========SPO======
pox.update();
//mengupdate hasil pembacaan dari MAX30100 Listing Program 4. Program to android next slide
if (millis() - tsLastReport >REPORTING_PERIOD_MS)
{
//mendapatkan spo dengan waktu 2 detik
SPO2=pox.getSpO2();
//Serial.println (SPO2); The Listing program 4. In this android application using
tsLastReport = millis(); two slides,the first display is the display of the tool title and the
} name of the maker and guide . the second slide is used for
void RR() displaying the device’s path. Image ….. used for next slide.
{
//=================RR============== Listing Program 5. Data Reading Program
flex = analogRead (A0);
//pembacaan ADC A0 dengan variable Float flex
if (ref<=flex){ref=flex;}
else
{
ref = ref;
hold = (ref * 9 / 10);
if ((flex <= hold) && (mark == 0))
{
count ++;
if (count == 100)
{count=0; mark=1;}
}
}
if ((flex <= hold) && (mark == 1)) {
ref = 100;
mark = 0;
//hold=0;
}
The listing program 5 Figure _ is a program for reading the
data received from the device. After Bluetooth is connected,
waktuRR = millis() - waktusekarangRR;
the Android program will receive data in the "SPO |" list RR |
if (waktuRR < 60000)
Hasilrataspo | Results of the RR ". The first list will be read in
{
the first list as the SPO value. For the second list, it will be read
if (flex > hold)
on the second list as the RR value. For the 3rd list, it will be
{
read in the third list as the SPO average score and for the fourth
count=0;
list the RR average results will be read.
beat=1;
}
Listing Program 6. Save data program on Android
if (flex<hold) {
if (beat==1)
{
if (waktumonostabil>delayMonostabil){
detak++;
nafasmanual++;
waktumonostabil=0;

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IV. DISCUSSION
A respiratory rate and SPO2 monitoring tool can be made
via Android (respiratory rate parameter) that displays
respiratory rate measurements with an average error value of
1.29%.The Atmega2560 microcontroller minimum circuit can
be made.Android software can be created to display the results
of breathing rate measurements on Android.Data transmission
can be made using Hc-05 even though there is data that is
stagnant at a distance of 5 meters by testing in a room with
obstacles. After accumulating, the biggest average error is
worth = 1.82%. for respiration modules, on ECRI's provisions
regarding the maximum permissible error in the parameters of
the respiratory rate measurement for bedside monitors which is
equal to 5%, so that the respiratory rate monitoring module and
SPO2 via Android (respiratory rate parameter)) are suitable for
use.
V. CONCLUSION
The listing program 6 this program runs when we start The development of this research can be done by step :
activating Bluetooth. This save data will be entered in the Sensor design that is comfortable for patients.
TUGASAKHIR folder that was created at the start of turning Using piezo sensors that are more sensitive to stomach and
on Bluetooth. Save this data in txt format by filling in the order chest movements to detect breathing rates.
of SPO value, RR,SPO average and RR average. Using wireless that is far and wide without loss of data.
Listing Program 7. RR Value detection program
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