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Key words: position, displacement, velocity, acceleration; types of motion – rectilinear motion,
curvilinear motion, dependent motion, relative motion; types of coordinate system – Cartesian or
rectangular coordinates, tangential-normal coordinates, and polar coordinates;
Review Questions:
A. Understanding (CO1)
A-1 Motion of a particle in a straight path is called ______________ motion.
A-2 Motion of a motorbike along a curved path is called ______________ motion.
A-3 Match each of the given statements and vector expressions with the correct diagram in Figure
A-3 where the positive direction of the reference axis is as indicated.
A. Block A moves to the right at 3 m/s and is increasing at 2 m/s 2.
B. Block A moves to the right at 3 m/s and is decreasing at 2 m/s 2.
C. Block A moves to the left at 3 m/s and is increasing at 2 m/s 2.
D. Block A moves to the left at 3 m/s and is decreasing at 2 m/s 2.
x aA x aA x aA x aA
A vA A vA A vA A vA
O O O O
Figure A-3
A-4 When the tip of a robot arm undergoes a rectilinear motion, its acceleration can be specified in
5 different ways. What are they?
A-5 A small rigid body moving with a constant velocity is said to have a _____________ motion.
A-6 A car having a constant acceleration undergoes a __________________________ motion.
A-7 In one of the experiments, a mechanical engineering student in the 3rd semester observed a
sliding block on the vertical rod. Write down all kinematics equations for the following
situations: a) if the block had a constant velocity as it slid down the vertical rod, and b) if the
block had a constant acceleration.
B. Analysis (CO2)
B-1 A car which is initially 70 m from its origin is cruising due South on a cold night along a straight
road at a constant speed of 54 km/h. Sketch a simple diagram representing the car and its
motion. Show and label your reference axis clearly. Express a) the velocity of the car, b) its
displacement, and c) its position when t = 5 s. Use proper symbols, notations, and units.
B-2 Starting from rest at the dock, a racing boat is accelerating constantly to the left of the dock in a
straight path at the rate of 25 m/s2. Sketch a simple diagram representing the boat and its
motion. Show and label your reference axis clearly. Determine a) the position and velocity of
the boat when t = 10 s, b) the time taken and the corresponding position for the boat to reach
100 m/s, and c) the time for the boat to come to a complete stop after reaching the 100 m/s
speed and is decelerating at the same rate. Use proper symbols, notations, and units for all
quantities.
B-3 At the instant shown, luggage A is moving to the right on a conveyor belt at 2 m/s and is
decelerating at 4.5 m/s2, while luggage B is moving at 3 m/s to the left and is decelerating at 7.5
m/s2. Using the proper symbols and notations, determine and express at this instant
a) the position of luggage A and B from the origin O,
b) the position of luggage B relative to A,
c) the velocity of luggage A and B,
d) the velocity of luggage B relative to A,
e) the acceleration of luggage A and B, and
f) the acceleration of luggage B relative to A.
Also draw or show each of these vectors clearly on the diagram.
B A
x
O
30 m 50 m
Figure B-3
B-5 An object is moving in a straight path according to v2 = k/x where v is the velocity in m/s, x is the
distance traveled in m, and k is a constant. Knowing that at time t = 0 s, the velocity is 3 m/s,
and its position is 2 m, determine the velocity of the object at t = 3 s.
B-6 Using proper symbols and notations, label completely on the given diagrams the datum, the
reference coordinate, and the position of each block for each of the mass-pulley systems
shown.
a) Write down the expression relating the position of blocks A and B.
b) Determine the velocity and acceleration of block A knowing that at the instant shown block
B is moving upward with the speed of 5 m/s and is decreasing at 2 m/s2. What is the velocity
and acceleration of block A relative to block B at this instant?
c) If block B has displaced 2.5 m, what is the displacement of block A during this same period
of time?
A A
B B
B
Figure B-6
B-7 At the instant shown, trailer A is moving due north at 120 km/h and is decreasing at a constant
rate of 5 m/s2 while car B is travelling a curved path at 70 km/h and is increasing at the constant
rate of 2.5 m/s2. At the same time, pick-up truck D is cruising due west at a constant acceleration
of 40 m/s2 and has a speed of 90 km/s as it passes through point C. Draw the corresponding
velocity and acceleration vectors on each of the vehicles at their respective positions when t = 2
s. Express each of the velocities and accelerations using the rectangular coordinates as shown.
D C
B
130 m 100 m
y
30o
o
40
x
E
Figure B-7
C 50 m
o
75o 70
30 m
A s B
100 m
Figure B-8
B-9 A slotted link OA is used to drive roller P along a grooved horizontal spiral guide defined by the
equation r = 0.42 m, where is in radians. At the instant when = /4 rad, link OA is rotating
at a rate of 5 rad/s counterclockwise and is increasing at 10 rad/s 2.
a) the radial and transverse components of the velocity of roller P,
b) the radial and transverse components of the acceleration of roller P.
c) the rectangular components of the velocity and acceleration of roller P.
y
A
r P
r = f()
x
O
Figure B-9
B-10 A radar positioned near the air force base at A is used to track an airplane flying in a loop as
shown in the figure. When the airplane passes through point B where = tan–1(3/4), = 20o, its
speed is 150 m/s and is increasing at the constant rate of 25 m/s2. Label the appropriate
reference coordinates in the dashed boxes provided in the diagram. Determine at this instant
a) the velocity of the airplane,
b) the acceleration of the airplane, and
c) the recorded values of r , r , , and by the radar.
B
r
= 2 km
A
1200 m
Figure B-10
Bonus:
B-11 During testing, a single-cart roller coaster in the figure is initially stationary at A when it starts
speeding to the right at the rate given by 1.5v1/2 m/s2 between sector AC which continues
through circular sector CH. Its motion from H to J is then controlled with constant acceleration
of 8 m/s2. Sector IJ is a curved path which can be approximated by the parabola y = 0.02x2
where xJ = 10 m. Use the units of s, m, m/s, m/s2, rad, rad/s, and rad/s2 unless otherwise
specified.
a) Identify and describe the types of motion that the roller coaster will undergo in each of the
section from A to J. Complete the given diagram by labelling each of the missing coordinates
with appropriate symbols.
b) Determine the time the roller coaster takes as it reaches at point B and the corresponding
velocity in km/h,
c) Determine at this same point B the recorded values of r , r , , and by the radar located
at E where = tan–1(5/12) and h = 15 m.
d) Determine the velocity and acceleration of the roller coaster at point C and D in km/h.
e) Determine the velocity and acceleration of the roller coaster at point H and I in km/h.
f) Determine the velocity and acceleration of the roller coaster at point J in km/h.
g) Determine (i) the angle at which the roller coaster is launched into air at J, (ii) the
maximum height reachable by the roller coaster measured from point I, and (iii) the
maximum horizontal distance before it hits the ground at the same level as point I.
F D
y = 0.02x2
110 m
J
H I
A r B C
h
E
150 m 100 m
Figure B-11