Contemporary Issues & Trends in Education

Submitted To:

Dr. Saira.

Assignment no: 1
B.Ed 5th.
In Education

Submitted By:
Iqra Aslam
Roll no: 17153901-006.

Department of Education

(Session 2017 to 2021)

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Table of Contents

Educational Trends……………………………………………………………………………...3

Definition Of Trends…………………………………………………………….……3
Educational Trends in Pakistan……………………………………….……………………………………………3

Current Trends in Educational Programs………………………….…………………………………………4

 Career Oriented approach…………………………………………………………….4
 Activity Based Learning…...………………………………………………………….4
 Changing patterns in students Assessment & Evaluation…………………………….4
 Growing trend of online learning…………………………………………………..………………………………4

Educational Issues………………………………………………………………………………..4

Definition of issues…………………………………………….……………………….5

Educational Issues in Pakistan……………………………….……………………….6

Educational Problems……………………………………………………………………………6

Definition of problems………………………………………………………………..7

Common Educational problems………………………………….…………………...7

Educational Problems in Pakistan………………….………………………………...7

 Lack of proper planning…………………………………………….…………………..8

 Social Constraints………………………………………………………………………..8
 Gender Gap……………………………………………………….………..…………….8
 Cost of Education……………………………………………….……………..…………8
 Poor Funding…………………………………………………..……….………...………8

Conclusion…………………………………………………………….………………………….8

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Educational Trends, Issues and Problems

Educational Trends

Definition Of Trend:

1. A general direction in which something is developing or changing.

2. A general direction of change: a way of behaving, proceeding, etc. that is developing and
becoming more common
3. A general development or change in a situation or in the way that people are behaving
4. Something that is currently popular or Fashionable.
5. A new development in clothing, make-up, etc.
6. A trend is what's hip or popular at a certain point in time. While a trend usually refers to a
certain style in fashion or entertainment, there could be a trend toward warmer
temperatures (if people are following trends associated with global warming).

A trend simply reflects what seems to be going around at any given time. A trend can be in any
area and doesn't only reflect fashion, pop culture and entertainment. There can also be a trend in
the stock market to be bullish or bearish, depending on economic indicators, or a political trend
reflecting a nation’s current mood. Some trends are fun, some fabulous, some appalling, but
however long they last, you can be sure there will always be a new trend coming along to replace
the old.
A trend is the latest style of popular culture including but not limited to: clothing, music,
vernacular (common speech), and the latest TV shows. This form of culture is usually
expressed by preps and other kids trying desperately to be accepted by peers despite
obvious out casements.

Educational Trends in Pakistan

The field of education has seen a drastic change in the past two decades. The changing scenario
of world economy and advancement in information and communication technology has resulted
in the beginning of many new trends in education. Modern day education is all about innovation,
accessibility, and suitability. From kindergarten to university, students are encouraged to learn
through interactive and practical tools. Higher education is more career-oriented today than ever
before. The barriers of time and age have also been removed, while geographical boundaries
don't matter anymore. These revolutionary trends have benefitted those people who want to get
practical knowledge for their personal and professional growth. We are highlighting some of the

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most popular trends in education that can help you to become the innovative leader the world
needs today.

1. Career Oriented Approach:

Educational institutes are more focused now to prepare their students for the job market. Most of
the students prefer schools and universities that are associated with specific disciplines. There are
business schools for people who want to make it big in the corporate world and fine arts colleges
for people who want to explore new dimensions through the medium of art. A lot of emphasis is
placed to prepare the curriculum according to the demands and practices of the selected field,
and students are guided according to a well defined career pathway. Apart from this, students are
synthesized with the environment of their chosen field through apprenticeship programs and
practical training.

2. Activity-Based Learning:

Students are encouraged to contribute to learning process through participation in different

activities. Be it a second grade classroom where knowledge is discovered through a sport or fun
quiz, or mock trials at Law schools where students can get real life experience of court
proceeding. Role-playing, case studies, projects, presentations and several other tools are used to
make the education process interactive and productive. In higher level studies, role of instructor
is also changing from that of an authority in knowledge to a facilitator for students who promotes
seminar- like environment in the classroom.

3. Changing Patterns in Student Assessment and Evaluation:

Many new trends are introduced for assessing the performance of students and evaluating their
level of knowledge and skill attainment. From classroom assessment to grading system for
exams, everything has become more transparent and error-free because of the use of technology.
Computer-based assessment is encouraged in most parts of the world, which saves a lot of time
and effort. Students also appreciate new patterns of evaluation, as they guarantee them fool-proof
results.

4. Growing Trend of Online Learning:

While World Wide Web has redefined the practices and procedures in almost every area of life,
it has certainly brought revolutionary changes in the field of education. The success story of
online education is a significant example as it is serving the people from various different
backgrounds. Everyone from mid-career professionals to housewives can earn degrees and
diplomas in their selected fields through online schools and colleges. Online education is
preferred because of its extendibility and expediency. It allows learners to set their own study
time and duration without compromising on their present commitments. Online learning is cost
effective and it carries great worth for jobseekers.

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It is noteworthy here that traditional methods of teaching and learning still carry great
importance; it is only their integration with new technology and strategies that have introduced
many new trends in education. We should also consider the fact that current trends in education
are constantly evolving, so more directions will emerge in the future. We need to embrace the
change as it happens, because this is the only way to remain connected to the world of
knowledge.

Current Trends in Educational Programs:

 Team building for learning.

 Growth mindset.
 Digital citizenship/ Literacy.
 Teaching Empathy.
 Online Education.
 Professional Development of teachers.
 Personalized Learning.
 Digital ethics and privacy.
 Increasing Wellness programs.
 Integrated learning solutions.
 Use of ICT & A.V aids etc.

Educational Issues

Definition Of Issue:

1) An issue is concerned with one or a few persons of an organization or an institution.

2) An issue can be complicated, but a problem cannot be complicated.

3) An issue does not remain the same in the course of time. It can either grow serious or can
get light.
4) An issue is organizational in character. Issues can be handled privately.
5) An issue can have the potential to cause harm, unlike a problem.
6) Issues can be recognizable solved. Issues if not solved can grow in their impact.
7) An issue is used in the sense of controversy.
8) An issue is concerned with one or a few persons of an organization or an institution.
9) An issue is organizational in character. An issue can have the potential to cause harm.

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Educational Issues in Pakistan

 Private VS Government schools.

 Variety of Syllabus.
 Standardized testing.
 Teacher tenure.
 Ratio of Government funding for education.
 Multi cultural education.
 Co-education.
 Female education issues.
 Semester & annual system issues.
 Objective & Subjective testing issues.
 Madrisa vs Formal education.
 Formal vs non educational system.
 Basics vs higher education.

Educational Problems

Definition of Problem

1) The word ‘problem’ is used with an intention to solve it. Any problem for that matter
will have a solution. There is no element of controversy in a problem.
2) A problem is concerned with the organization or the institution as a whole.
3) A problem cannot be lengthened or made serious.
4) A problem cannot be complicated. A problem remains the same in the course of time.
5) The problem is personal in character. Problems cannot be solved privately. This is
because problems can affect others around you as well. A problem does not have the
potential to cause harm. Problems can be permanent or temporary. Problems, when
not solved, cannot grow in their impact but tend to remain the same.

Common Educational Problems:

 Discipline.
 Underachievement.
 Lack of motivation.
 Slow learner.
 Delinquency.
 Maladjustment.
 Classroom size.
 Family factors.
 Low rates of Parents involvement.

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  Poor Student health.
 Bullying.
 Students behavior & attitude.
 Teacher Absenteeism.
 Classroom overcrowding.

Educational Problems in Pakistan

The issues lead to the comprehension of the problems which are faced in the development of
education system and promotion of literacy. The study outlines seven major problems such as:

 Lack of Proper Planning:

Pakistan is a signatory to MDGs and EFA goals. However it seems that it will not be able
to achieve these international commitments because of financial management issues and
constraints to achieve the MDGs and EFA goals.

 Social constraints:
It is important to realize that the problems which hinder the provision of education are
not just due to issues of management by government but some of them are deeply rooted
in the social and cultural orientation of the people. Overcoming the latter is difficult and
would require a change in attitude of the people, until then universal primary education is
difficult to achieve.

 Gender gap:
Major factors that hinder enrolment rates of girls include poverty, cultural constraints,
illiteracy of parents and parental concerns about safety and mobility of their daughters.
Society’s emphasis on girl’s modesty, protection and early marriages may limit family’s
willingness to send them to school. Enrolment of rural girls is 45% lower than that of
urban girls; while for boys the difference is 10% only, showing that gender gap is an
important factor.

 Cost of education:
The economic cost is higher in private schools, but these are located in richer settlements
only. The paradox is that private schools are better but not everywhere and government
schools ensure equitable access but do not provide quality education.

 Poor Funding:
Pakistan spends 2.4% GDP on education. At national level, 89% education expenditure
comprises of current expenses such as teachers’ salaries, while only 11% comprises of
development expenditure which is not sufficient to raise quality of education.

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Conclusion:
Trends in education changes principally through the advancement and application
of knowledge. Changing in trends education is necessary for the creation, diffusion and
application of knowledge, and for building technical and professional capacity. Issues helps in
Development countries being further marginalized in a highly competitive world economy
because of the poor quality of their education systems. The nation has a responsibility to put in
place a framework for the education institutions to be more innovative and responsive to the
needs of a globally competitive knowledge economy, and the changing labor market
requirements for advanced human capital.
Pakistan is the amongst those countries which is facing many problems in the fields of education.
There are many flaws and gaps in the current education system of Pakistan that need to be
resolved. Pakistan is one of those developing countries where people are mostly deprived of their
basic needs of life, including education.