PT CG POWER SYSTEMS INDONESIA

TRANSFORMER MAINTENANCE

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 Transformer Maintenance
• Power Transformer, Oil Immersed Type

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 Transformer Maintenance
• Main Components :
 Core and Windings

Degree of Polymerization < 200  End of Insulation Life Time

 Oil : Insulation
 Cooling
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 Transformer Maintenance
 Oil
Breakdown Voltage  50-60 kV / 2.5 mm
Moisture Content  10-15 ppm
Dissolved Gases Analysis  TDCG 720 ppm,
< 10 ppm/day

Tangen Delta  0.5 – 1%

Particle Count

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 Transformer Maintenance
Breakdown Voltage of Oil

Regular testing of the oil quality is

required especially breakdown voltage
indicating its Dielectric Strength.

It is recommended to be performed
annually.

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 Transformer Maintenance
Moisture Content
Transformer oil is hygroscopic, absorb
moisture from the air.
The oil conservator system can prevent the
entry of moisture into the transformer via :
• Atmoseal / Air Cell
• Dehydrating Breather

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 Transformer Maintenance
Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)
DGA should be performed at least once in a year as long as the figures
remain below the requirement limits. If the figures exceed the limits, more
frequent analysis is necessary. On line monitoring is recommended for
critical transformer

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 Transformer Maintenance
• Cases of DGA Issue
1. Circulating Current in Core grounding
Doc_Source\DGA Analysis_PTID Busselton T4 X0476-19january-2011.pdf

2. Loose Connection at Bushing

Doc_Source\TOA - TR-10141A.pdf

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 Transformer Maintenance
The other parameter of oil quality is dissipation factor of
oil ( Tangent Delta oil).
Tangent Delta oil should be ≤ 0.005 for new transformer

Tangent delta oil tester

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 Transformer Maintenance
The other parameter of oil quality is particle count measurement.

Particle Count Tester

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Transformer Maintenance
Example of Particle Count Measurement

Date of test: 5-Jul-11

Particle Count Measurement

9710490

Particle size (micron) Counts cum. CG / OWQ requirement

4 26849.0 3250

6 5883.0 1900

14 469.0 50

21 174.0 15

25 92.7 10

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 Transformer Maintenance
 Tap Changer :  OLTC
 DTC

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 Transformer Maintenance
 On Load Tap Changer (OLTC)

 Inspection of tap changer insert

 Monitoring of dielectric strength
 Check of the motor drive & drive shaft
 Protection test of the protective relay of
the tap changer RS 2001
 Regular check of the silicagel breather
Vacuum type OLTC has less maintenance

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 Transformer Maintenance

 De-energized Tap Changer (DTC)

Refer to the specific maintenance

instruction from the OEM.

DTC has to be switched over

its total range for at least ten
times minimum twice a year and this
has to be done when the transformer
is de-energize.

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 Transformer Maintenance
 Bushings
Condenser  > 52 kV
 Non Condenser (i.e DIN standard) up to 52 kV

Monitoring Tangen Delta for Condenser Bushings

 Yearly base; On Line Monitoring for critical transformer

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 Transformer Maintenance

• General Maintenance Guidelines

• External Cleaning
• Periodic Inspection of Transformer in Service
• Maintenance Inspection

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 Transformer Maintenance

■ Safety During Maintenance

Remember that hazardous
voltage is present on an
energized transformer, proper
safety precaution must always
be observed when working on
this equipment

Danger !!!
Never perform maintenance or attempt to climb on any part
of a transformer unless all proper safety precautions have
been taken, including de-energizing and proper grounding

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Transformer Maintenance

1. General Maintenance Guidelines

Transformer are reliable

electrical equipment if well
maintained and working on
normal operation condition.

Failures due to improper

maintenance or abnormal
operation may cause the
transformer has to be out of
service for a long time

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 Transformer Maintenance
2. External Cleaning
• Cleaning bushing porcelains
• Transformer body (paint)
• All breathers must be kept clean
and in operation condition
• All ground buses and wiring
leads to ground must be kept in
good condition, ground
resistance must be measured
annually.

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 Transformer Maintenance
3. Periodic Inspection of Transformer in Service
 Inspection of Tank, Cover, Gasket and Valves

Tank, Cover, Gasket and Valves require annual inspection for Leakage,
etc. All required replacement and adjustment should be accomplished
as soon as possible.

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 Transformer Maintenance
 Oil Levels and Silica Gel

■ The oil levels in the tank and load

tap changer mechanism
compartment should be checked
at two week intervals during first
month of operation and annually
afterwards
■ Check the condition of the silica gel
in the air breathers weekly. Replace if
necessary. For maintenance free type
i.e Mtrab, check its functional signal
only

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 Transformer Maintenance

 Venting / De-gassing
The basic conditions that must be fulfilled
before venting is allowed :
• The transformer shall be de-energized and
grounded
• The internal pressure is higher than the
ambient pressure
• Venting is only allowed on places filled with
oil i.e on top radiator, manholes, pipes, etc
Venting is also required when replacement
components involving oil draining

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 Transformer Maintenance

 Cooling System

Fans or pumps motors have sealed

ball bearings lubricated with heavy
duty grease that do not require any
maintenance.

“Maintenance Free”

During loading period of reduced transformer capacity (Natural Cooling),

it is recommended the fans/pumps shall be activated on a periodical
base, to assure satisfactory operation when required.

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 Transformer Maintenance
 Temperature Indicators

The life of the transformer is

highly dependent on the
temperature prevailing in the
winding and core during
transformer operation.

Regular check annually :

• Check temperature setting and switch contact
• Check the exterior device for damage

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 Transformer Maintenance

Circuit and Control Protection

The following must be inspected after
installation and once a year afterwards :
• Control circuit voltage
• Freedom of moving part
• Excessive noise in relay coil
• Proper function of devices, timer, lighting
and heaters
• Evidence of water or liquid in control
cabinet and in air-filled cable box

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 Transformer Maintenance
Accessories
(Buchholz Relay, OPRD, Rapid Pressure Rise Relay,
Etc)

Test all accessories annually. Check all instruments, electrical

cables and conductors, signaling and operating devices to the
control room or control board.
Insulation resistance (Megger) test is also recommended annually

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 Transformer Maintenance

4. Maintenance Plan

• Doc_Source\Transformer Maintenance.pdf

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Thank You