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THE IMPORTANCE OF USING CONTRACEPTIVES

FOR FAMILY PLANNING

A Thesis

Presented to

The Faculty of Urdaneta City University

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements in Purposive Communication

Thesis Research

By:

Adolfo, Jennifer A.

Alfonso, Mary Joyce E.

Baybayan, Janelle Melaine A.

Canaveral, Ruth

Cordero, Bryan Vince M.

Dimaya, Kimberly M.

De Guzman, Marge Ysabelle T.

Vez, Feby Milene P.

APRIL 2019
CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter deals with the background of the study, statement of the problem,
significance of the study, and the scope and delimitations.

Background of the Study

Family planning has essential role to the people who plans to have a family to
guide them in controlling birth. Family planning limits the number of children and time
spacing of pregnancy by the use of contraceptives methods and treatment of infertility.
The women have the ability to choose if and when she to become pregnant because in
the young age it increased risk of health problems and death from early childbearing.
Those women who bear more than 4 children are at risk of maternal mortality this is
usually happen to the mother who has poor health. And family planning reduces the
unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortion to the world's highest infant mortality
rates.

According to Department of Health (2015), Family Planning (FP) is having the


desired number of children and when you want to have them by using safe and
effective modern methods. Proper birth spacing is having children 3 to 5 years apart,
which is best for the health of the mother, her child, and the family. In using
contraceptives men and women provide dual protection against to the unintended
pregnancies against to the STIs including HIV, resulting in fewer infected babies and
orphans. In adolescent’s pregnancy the babies born with low birth-weight and higher
rates in neonatal mortality and many girls who become pregnant at young age leaving
the school to take care of their babies and many teenagers now a days are
experiencing it because in lack of knowledge about family planning. This has long-term
implication for them as an individual and to their families and communities. The family
planning is important to widely available and easily accessible through midwives and
other trained health workers to anyone who is sexually active, including adolescents.
Midwives are trained and authorized to provide locally available and culturally
acceptable contraceptive methods.

Contraceptive use has increased in many parts of the world. The proportion of
women aged is 1549 reporting use of a modern contraceptive method has risen
minimally or plateaued between 2008 and 2015. In Asia it has risen slightly from 60.9%
to 61.8%, and in Latin America and the Caribbean it has remained stable at 66.7%.
There are two types of contraceptives, the modern and traditional methods. The
modern methods is a family planning using with drugs to prevent pregnancies like
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) or the pill", implants, combined injectable
contraceptives (CIC), combined contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR), intrauterine device
(IUD), male and female condoms, male sterilization (vasectomy), female sterilization
(tubal ligation), Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM), and Basal Body Temperature
(BBT) these contraceptives are safe to use. While the traditional method is none using
drugs for contraceptives, it is a natural way in preventing the number of pregnancy and
safe to do like calendar method or rhythm method and withdrawal (coitus interruptus).
Natural family planning poses no health risks, this method is among the least effective
at preventing pregnancy. Through the use of this contraceptive methods it avoids the
unintended pregnancy, early pregnancy, abortion, control the number of siblings and
prevent the infection of contamination of disease in STI and HIV, contraceptives
methods helps to maintain the sterilization of men and women during having a sexual
intercourse.

There are several advantages and disadvantages of family planning, some


advantages of family planning is gives women the option to wait until they are
financially able to care for a child, and gives them time to pursue educational and
employment goals without worrying about the financial burden of an unplanned
pregnancy while the disadvantages is the most common side effects associated with
hormonal contraception include weight gain, headaches, dizziness and nausea. Less
common but more serious side effects include stroke, blood clots and ectopic
pregnancy. Having a family planning is important for the health of a mother and her
children, as well as the family's economic situation. The financial consequence of having
children involves the medical costs of pregnancy and birth and the high costs associated
with actually bringing up children. Since parents are responsible for providing
education, shelter, clothing and food for their children, family planning has an important
long-term impact on the financial situation of any family.

Family Planning was set up in 1936. It was at first known as the Sex Hygiene
and Birth Regulation Society. At that time, contraception was basic and unreliable. In
April 1940, we were said to have broken postal regulations by posting obscene
literature - it was a flier which used the word "contraception". Lower Hutt was the
location for our first national conference in 1951. Just two years later we opened our
first contraception clinic in Remuera, Auckland. HIV/AIDS was first identified in New
Zealand in 1984. At the time, 51 New Zealanders were known to have contracted the
illness and 22 had died. Te Puawai Tapu (the sacred blossom) was formed in 1990. It is
an independent organization that works to improve Maori sexual and reproductive
health. The Ministry of Health launched the Sexual and Reproductive Health Strategy in
2001 and a resource book was released in 2003. Hei Huarahi, our first electronically
delivered resource, was developed in 2010.
The Roman Catholic Church proclaims alone the historic Christian position
on contraception. Evidence that contraception is in conflict with God’s laws because it’s
a deliberate violation of the design God built into the human race, often referred to as
“natural law.” The natural law purpose of sex is procreation. The pleasure that sexual
intercourse provides is an additional blessing from God, intended to offer the possibility
of new life while strengthening the bond of intimacy, respect, and love between
husband and wife. The loving environment this bond creates is the perfect setting for
nurturing children. But sexual pleasure within marriage becomes unnatural, and even
harmful to the spouses, when it is used in a way that deliberately excludes the basic
purpose of sex, which is procreation. God’s gift of the sex act, along with its pleasure
and intimacy, must not be abused by deliberately frustrating its natural end—
procreation. The Bible mentions at least one form of contraception specifically and
condemns it. Coitus interruptus, was used by Onan to avoid fulfilling his duty according
to the ancient Jewish law of fathering children for one’s dead brother. Contraception
was so far outside the biblical mindset and so obviously wrong that it did not need the
frequent condemnations other sins did. Scripture condemns the practice when it
mentions it. Once a moral principle has been established in the Bible, every possible
application of it need not be mentioned. For example, the general principle that theft is
wrong was clearly established in Scripture; but there’s no need to provide an exhaustive
list of every kind of theft. Similarly, since the principle that contraception is wrong has
been established by being condemned when it’s mentioned in the Bible, every particular
form of contraception does not need to be dealt with in Scripture in order for us to see
that it is condemned.

Family planning plays a pivotal role in population growth, poverty reduction, and
human development. Failure to sustain family planning programs, both domestically and
abroad, will lead to increased population growth and poorer health worldwide,
especially among the poor. However, robust family planning services have a range of
benefits, including maternal and infant survival, nutrition, educational attainment, the
status of girls and women at home and in society, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
prevention, and environmental conservation efforts. Family planning is a prerequisite for
achievement of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals and for realizing the
human right of reproductive choice. Family planning decrease the poverty range of the
society by controlling childbirth to sustain all the needs of every child and their parents
work well for the good of their family status.
The purposes of family planning is to prevent giving birth to unwanted child
especially to the people who enter into relationship without aim of marrying in future,
to ensure the enough preparation of the parents before getting another child and
others do it with aim of getting few children's whom they can raise without strain.
Family planning helps a family advance and develop, it allows the mother regain her
health after delivery it is protection against Sexually Transmitted Diseases and
HIV/AIDS, avoiding unwanted pregnancies, having a child at a desired period of time,
prevention of early or late pregnancy and for a couple who desires to space births and
it provides space for children to acquire enough parental care and attention.

Voluntary family planning is an indispensable component of HIV prevention


and treatment. The majority of new HIV infections are sexually transmitted. Voluntary
family planning programs give women, youth, and men the information and services
they need to protect themselves and their partners from unintended pregnancies, HIV,
and other sexually transmitted infections. The important entry point to addressing HIV
risk factors (including gender-based violence and sexual coercion), safe sex negotiation,
voluntary counseling and testing, prevention of vertical transmission of HIV, and other
prevention interventions. Women, youth, and men living with HIV have a higher risk of
contracting sexually transmitted infections, and more likely to experience pregnancy
complications, and are at a higher risk of maternal death. Correct and consistent use of
female and male condoms is the only method that reduces both this risk and the risk of
unintended pregnancy.

As what the advertisement shown on the television, the family of the child is
quite big because the mother and the father didn’t plan about the future of their
children. This is the reason why the use of contraceptives and family planning
counseling is important to have a proper child spacing to reduce the risk on lacking of
food and not being able to provide a good quality education for the children.

Young people need the right information at the right time and from the right
person, so we need to improve communication about sexuality. Adolescents shouldn’t
fall victim to things like STIs, pregnancy and HIV because of lack of good information.
Statement of the Problem

This study will focus on randomly selected patients in New Era Birthing Home
and Urdaneta District Hospital, to examine the importance of contraceptives for family
planning. The study considers all method of contraceptives; hormonal method and
fertility awareness methods.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

How important is it that people our age discuss the possibility of pregnancy with a
partner?

How likely would your partner refuse to have intercourse if you said you wanted to use
birth control?

If women were to choose on what contraceptives to use for safe coitus, what is the
method they would likely prefer?

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study will focus on reducing the unwanted pregnancy using contraceptives
to the mother’s age 15-40 years old.

The respondents are the mother’s who gave birth at their first child or grandmulti
para at New Era Birthing home and Urdaneta District Hospital. The respondents
randomly selected in the said facilities.
Preparation of the study will be conducted at Urdaneta City University and the
actual procedure will be held at Urdaneta District Hospital and New Era Birthing Home,
which will be in the form of interviews. The said interviews will start on the month of
April, 2019.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study may be beneficial to the following:

Mother. This study will give enough time and opportunity to love and provide
attention to her husband and children.

Teenagers and Young adults. The findings of the study will provide necessary
information to widen the knowledge regarding the subject matter. It can prevent
teenage pregnancy, premarital sex and unwanted babies.

Father. This study will enlighten the burden and responsibility on supporting his
family.

Future Researchers. This study will assist as a foundation for other


researchers who will be willing to conduct proceeding studies as reference that will help
them finish their research.

Definition of Terms

Coitus interruptus. This is the practice of withdrawing the penis from the
vagina and away from a woman’s external genitals before ejaculation to prevent
pregnancy.

Ectopic or tubal pregnancy. This is a complication in pregnancy when an


embryo grows outside of your uterus, usually in your fallopian tube.

Contraceptive. This is a device or drug serving to prevent pregnancy.

Family planning. This allows individuals and couples to anticipate and attain
their desired number of children and the spacing and timing out of their births.

Maternal mortality. This is a death of a woman while pregnant or within 42


days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of pregnancy,
from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy.
Neonatal mortality. This is the statistical rate of infant death during the first
28 days after live birth, expressed as the number of such deaths per 100 live births in a
specific geographic area.

Contraception (birth control). This prevents pregnancy by interfering with


the normal process of ovulation, fertilization and implantation.

Infertility. This is a condition of the reproductive system that prevents the


conception of children.

Pregnancy. This is a state of carrying a developing embryo or fetus within the


female body.

CHAPTER II

This chapter deals with the reviewed related literature and studies.

RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

A number of related articles were used by the researchers to gain further understanding
of the topic being studied.

According to Ajong et al (2016)., in their study “Knowledge of women in family


planning and future desire to use contraception: a cross sectional survey in Cameroon”
wrote that the rate of modern contraceptive use will be on an increase and maternal
mortality on a decrease if women had a good knowledge on family planning and its
method. They conducted a survey and a good proportion identified contraception as
used to prevent unwanted pregnancy and this shows an increasing trend with
increasing level of education. The most cited contraceptives methods were; condom,
oral pills and implants.

Unplanned pregnancy is a problem among all sexually active women; therefore,


contraception should be adopted by any woman who is sexually active and is not
planning to get pregnancy any time soon. The use of contraceptives could also prevent
sexually transmitted infections.

Similar to Jessica Taylor (2019), there are several advantages and disadvantages
of family planning, some advantages of family planning is gives women the option to
wait until they are financially able to care for a child, and gives them time to pursue
educational and employment goals without worrying about the financial burden of an
unplanned pregnancy while the disadvantages is the most common side effects
associated with hormonal contraception include weight gain, headaches, dizziness and
nausea. Less common but more serious side effects include stroke, blood clots and
ectopic pregnancy.

Moreover, A. Fitrianto (2018) said it is important that family planning is widely


available and easily accessible through midwives and other trained health workers to
anyone who is sexually active, including adolescents. Midwives are trained to provide
(where authorized) locally available and culturally acceptable contraceptive methods.
Contraceptive use has increased in many parts of the world. Globally, use of modern
contraception has risen slightly, from 54% in 1990 to 57.4% in 2015. Regionally, the
proportion of women aged 15–49 reporting use of a modern contraceptive method has
risen minimally or plateaued between 2008 and 2015. In Asia it has risen slightly from
60.9% to 61.8%, and in Latin America and the Caribbean it has remained stable at
66.7%.

In addition, contraceptive use has a multitude of other health benefits. Spacing


pregnancies reduces the risk of having a low birth weight or premature birth.
Preventing unintended pregnancies can help women manage health conditions such as
diabetes, hypertension and heart disease as well as avoid increased risk for depression.
The use of contraceptives also enables women to achieve their own educational and
career goals and support themselves and their families financially.

Department of Health (2015), Family Planning is having the desired number of


children and when you want to have them by using safe and effective modern methods.
Proper birth spacing is having children 3 to 5 years apart, which is best for the health of
the mother, her child, and the family.
CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN

This chapter deals with the method of research used, sources of data, data gathering
procedure, summary of findings, conclusion, and insights.

Method of Research Used

The researchers will make use of the interview method. The researchers will
conduct the interviews through different questionnaires. This method will be used to
widen the knowledge of the importance of using contraceptives for family planning.

Sources of Data

The researchers will use random sampling method from the mother’s in Urdaneta
District Hospital and New Era Birthing Home.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will consult the Head Nurse of Urdaneta District Hospital and
New Era Birthing home to determine the number of patients currently admitted in the
area, specifically the women ages 15-44 years old. After identifying the statistics, the
researchers will decide to disseminate validated questionnaires to the respondents.
Thereafter, the questionnaires will be retrieved for analysis and conduction of proposed
solution.
QUESTIONNARE

NAME:
AGE:
LOCATION OF BIRTHING FACILITIES:
 URDANETA DISTRICT HOSPITAL
 NEW ERA BIRTHIMG HOME AND DIAGNOSTIC CLINIC
MARITAL STATUS:
 MARRIED
 SINGLE
 LIVE IN
NO. OF CHILDREN:
 1
 2
 3
OTHERS SPECIFY: ______________
ARE YOU USING A CONTRACEPTIVES?
 YES
 NO
WHAT KIND OF CONTRACEPTIVES ARE YOU USING?
 HORMONAL PILLS
 INJECTABLES
 IMPLANT
 IUD (INTRA UTERINE DEVICE)
OTHRES SPECIFY: _____________
WHAT ARE YOUR INSIGHTS ABOUT CONTRACEPTIVES?

WOULD YOU CONSIDER A COUNCILING REGARDING ON FAMILY PLANNING?


 YES
 NO
ARE YOU AND YOUR PARTNER ARE SEXUALLY ACTIVE?
 YES
 NO
LOCATION OF BIRTHING URDANETA DISTRICT NEW ERA BIRTHING
FACILITIES: HOSPITAL: 10 HOME AND DIAGNOSTIC
CLINIC: 10
MARITAL STATUS: MARRIED: 3 MARRIED: 4
SINGLE: 2 SINGLE: 2
LIVE IN: 5 LIVE IN: 4
NO. OF CHILDREN: (1) 5 (2) 3 (3) 2 (1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 3
OTHERS- OTHERS:

ARE YOU USING A YES: 5 YES: 8


CONTRACEPTIVES? NO: 5 NO: 2

WHAT KIND OF HORMONAL PILLS- 7 HORMONAL PILLS- 3


CONTRACEPTIVES ARE INJECTABLES- INJECTABLES- 4
YOU USING? IMPLANT- 3 IMPLANT- 3
IUD (INTRA UTERINE IUD (INTRA UTERINE
DEVICE)- DEVICE)-
OTHRES SPECIFY: OTHRES SPECIFY:
_____________ _____________

WOULD YOU CONSIDER A YES: 10 YES: 7


COUNCILING REGARDING NO: NO: 3
ON FAMILY PLANNING?
ARE YOU AND YOUR YES: 7 YES: 6
PARTNER ARE SEXUALLY NO: 3 NO: 4
ACTIVE?

TABLE 1
Summary of Findings

It’s very important to discuss about the possibility of pregnancy to the young
people so that they would need to think about the consequences of sex. As for the
couples, discussing the chance of pregnancy and seeking family planning counseling as
soon as possible will help them prevent an unintended pregnancy.

If your partner refuses to use protection, then they aren’t showing respect for
you or your health and explain to your partner about preventing STDs and unplanned
pregnancy is one of the most important things you can do to protect your both sexual
health.

Some women choose the Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is a


contraceptive that lasts for a long time. There are two types of LARC the intra uterine
device (IUD) that lasts for five to ten years and the implant that lasts for three or five
years. Many women would prefer to choose this because LARCs are the most effective
types of contraception. They are more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.

With the use of contraceptives this could prevent individuals on having diseases
and teenage pregnancies.

Conclusions

Family planning is very important to the people who wants to have a family.
family planning guides them in controlling the number of children in a family and the
intervals of their birth. Contraceptives is a device or type of drug that serves to prevent
pregnancy. Midwives are trained to provide locally available and culturally acceptable
contraceptives methods. There are two types of contraceptive method, the modern and
the traditional method. The modern method is using drugs to prevent pregnancies,
while the traditional method is not using drugs, it’s a natural way to prevent pregnancy.
Family planning helps the parents to have a good and better life as a family.

The positive effects of family planning are perhaps nowhere more evident than in
the developing world. Family planning Create awareness among couples on how to
manage their fertility for health reasons while providing information and services on all
legally permissible and medically accepted family planning method.3 After providing full
information, help couples to know what the use of family planning and Respect the
right of the couples to plan their family as they see how many children they want
remember that the community health nurse or midwives should never decide from
them.
Planning the family will lessen the pleasure on the family income for there will be
fewer children to feed, clothes, educate and provide to the other needs of their
children. The Husband and Wife should be free to determine the size of their family
according to their capabilities to ensure the children basic needs. Parents are the ones
responsible for the life they bring into being and it is them who knew best to what
extent they can carry out their responsibility

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