Relationship Between E, G, and ν • Using Hooke’s Law and the definitions of

• The relationship between modulus of stress and strain, we can develop an equation
elasticity E, shear modulus G and Poisson's that can be used to determine the elastic
ratio ν is: displacement of a member subjected to axial
E
G loads.
2 1   

• Typical values of Poisson’s ratio ν:

ν δ = axial deformation
Steel 0.25 to 0.30 δ

Concrete 0.20
Other metals 0.33

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AXIAL DEFORMATION
• In the linear portion of the stress-strain diagram,
the stress is proportional to strain and is given by
  E • Restrictions on the use of the equation:
since σ = P / A and ε = δ / L, then P / A = E δ / L. - The load must be axial
Solving for δ, PL  L - The bar must have a constant cross-
 
AE E section and homogenous
where: δ = axial deformation - The stress must not exceed the
P = applied load proportional limit
L = original length
A = cross-sectional area
E = Modulus of Elasticity
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• If the bar is subjected to several different axial

forces along its length, or the cross-sectional
area or modulus of elasticity changes abruptly
from one region of the bar to the next:
PL
 
AE
• SIGN CONVENTION:
positive for tension force and elongation
negative for compressive force and contraction
1. A steel [E = 200 GPa] rod with a circular cross
section is 7.5 m long. Determine the minimum
diameter required if the rod must transmit a
tensile force of 50 kN without exceeding an
allowable stress of 180 MPa or stretching more
than 5 mm.

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1
 3. Aluminum [E = 70 GPa]
2. A 12 mm diameter steel [E = 200 GPa] rod (2) member ABC supports a
is connected to a 30 mm wide by 8 mm thick load of 28 kN, as shown in
rectangular aluminum [E = 70 GPa] bar (1), as Figure. Determine: (a) the
shown in Figure. Determine the force P required value of load P such that the
to stretch the assembly 10.0 mm. deflection of joint C is zero.
(b) the corresponding
deflection of joint B.

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• 4. Rigid bar ABCD is loaded and supported as shown in Figure. Bars

(1) and (2) are unstressed before the load P is applied. Bar (1) is 5. In Figure, aluminum [E = 70 GPa] links (1) and (2)
made of bronze [E = 100 GPa] and has a cross-sectional area of 520 support rigid beam ABC. Link (1) has a cross-sectional
mm2. Bar (2) is made of aluminum [E = 70 GPa] and has a cross-
area of 300 mm2, and link (2) has a cross-sectional area
sectional area of 960 mm2. After the load P is applied, the force in
bar (2) is found to be 25 kN (in tension). Determine: of 450 mm2. For an applied load of P = 55 kN,
(a) the stresses in bars (1) and (2). determine the rigid beam deflection at point B.
(b) the vertical deflection of point A.
(c) the load P.

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