Gi

ft
s

S.
122:
Thi
sSect
ionpr
ovi
desf
ort
hedef
ini
ti
onofGi
ft
.
Gif
tisat r
ansferofowner shipi
nanexi st
ingmov ableorimmov abl
epr opertywi
thoutany
consider
ati
on.Theessenceofgi f
tisav oluntar
yandgr atui
toust r
ansferofowner shi
pin
favorofanotherperson.GiftmayeitherbeaGi ftinterviv
os, orGiftTestamentary.Agift
“i
nterviv
os”t akesplacebet weenli
vingper sons.Testament arygi f
tist er
medas“ wil
l
”
andtakesplace( oper
ates)onlyaft
erthedeat hoft hetr
ansfer or(t
estator).
Essent
ial
sofaVal
i
dGi
ft
1.Ther
emustbeat
ransf
erofOwner
shi
p.
2.Theowner
shi
pmustr
elat
etot
hepr
oper
tyi
nexi
stence.
3.Thet
ransf
ermustbewi
thoutconsi
der
ati
on.
4.I
tmusthav
ebeenmadev
olunt
ari
l
y.
5.Thedonormustbeacompet
entper
son
6.Thet
ransf
ereemustacceptt
hegi
ft
.
Tr
ansf
erofOwner
shi
p
Asincaseofasal e,t
her
emustbeatr
ansf
erofallther
ight
sintheproper
tybyt
he
donortothe done.Itmayhowev
erbenoted t
hat,iti
spermissi
bleto maket
he
condi
ti
onal
gif
ts.
Exi
stenceofPr
oper
ty
Althoughatransf
ermayt akeef fectinpresentorinfut
urebuti tcannotbemadeofany
propertywhichisnotinexi stenceatt hedat eofthegi f
t.Wher eagi f
tismadeofa
propertywhi
chisnotinexistence, S.
124declaresitt
obev oid.Thesubj ect-
matt
erofthe
gif
tmayhowev er
,bemov ableori mmov abl
e,corpor
ealorincorporeal
,buti tmustbein
existenceatthedateoft hegi ftandmustal sobet ransfer
ablepr opertywit
hinthe
meani ngofS.6ofthi
sact.
Consi
der
ati
on
Theessenceofgi f
tisthati ti sagr atui
toustransf
er.Thewor d“ consider
ation”is
pecuniar
yconsiderat
ion as def i
ned underS. 2(d)oft he I
ndi an ContractActand
excl
udesnat ur
alloveandaf fecti
on.At ransferi
nconsi derat
ionofanexpect ati
onof
spir
it
ualandmor albenef
its,orinconsiderati
onofnat urall
oveandaf fecti
on,isgi f
t.I
t
musthowev er,
benoted,t
hatt hegiftmustbecompl eteinlaw.Iftherei sanyagreement
ofgift
,iti
sv oi
dunderS.25oft heContractActunlesstheagr eementi si
nwr it
ingand
madeonaccountofnat ur
al l
ov eandaffecti
onbetweent heparties.
Vol
unt
ari
l
y
Thegiftmustbemadev ol
untar
il
yandwi t
hthef
reeconsent.Thewor d“ volunt
ari
ly
”
si
gnif
iest
heexerci
seoftheunfett
eredfreewil
l
.Amancannotbesai dtobet r
ulywil
li
ng
unl
esshei sinaposit
iontochoosef reel
y.Wher
eunduei nfl
uenceandpr essurehas
beenexer
cisedbyt
hedonor,iti
scleart
hathehasnotmadet hegi
ftvol
untar
ily
.
Ifthetransact
ionappearstobeunconscionabl
ethentheburdenofprov
ingt
hatt
he
contr
actwasnoti nducedbyundueinf
luence,i
stoli
euponthepersonwhowasina
posit
iontodomi natethewi
ll
oftheot
her.
Compet
encyofDonor
Donoristhepersonwhomakesthegift
.Inat r
ansact
ionbywayofgi f
tat r
ansfer
oris
cal
ledadonorandhedi v
estshi
sowner shi
pint hepropert
ysoast ov estitinthe
tr
ansfer
ee,hedone.Thedonormustbesuij
t uri
s.Hemust ,t
herefor
e, haveattai
nedthe
ageofmajori
ty,
possessasoundmindandshouldnotbeotherwisedisquali
fi
ed.
Accordi oHal
ngt sbury
’sLawsofEngland,per
sonsinfi
duci
aryposi
ti
ons,e.
g.,t
rust
ees
cannotmakegi
ft
soft heproper
tyv
estedinthem onbehal
fofother
sunlesstheyare
author
izedt
odoso.
Accept
ancebyt
heDonee
Thedoneeisthet ransf
ereeinagif
t.Adoneeneednotbeasuij ur
is.Agift
,theref
ore
maybemadei nf avourofami norbutsuchminordonee,whenheat t
ainstheageof
major
it
y,mayav oidthegift
.Simi
lar
lyt
hereisnoprohi
bit
ioni
nlawagainstagi f
tbeing
madetoanidol.
Thegi ftmustal so beacceptedbyt hedoneeorbysomeoneonhi sbehalf
.The
acceptancemay bemadedur ingtheli
fet
imeoft hedonorandwhileheiscapabl
eof
giv
ing.Ifthedoneedi esbef
oretheacceptance,i
tisobv
iousthatt
hegi
ftdeedwillbe
voi
d.Ifthegifthasbeenacceptedbutthedonordiesbef
orethedeedi
sregi
ster
ed,the
tr
ansfermay becompletedaf
terthedonor
’sdeath.

S.
123:
Thi
sSect
iondeal
swi
thhowt
het
ransf
eri
sef
fect
ed.
Modeoft
ransf
er
Thissect
ionlay
sdownt hemodesofconv eyanci
nginGifts.A gi
ftofimmov
abl
e
proper
tymustbemadet hroughregist
eredinstr
uments,whereasagiftofmov
abl
e
proper
tymaybeeff
ect
edalsobydel
iveryofpossessi
on.
Gi
ftofI
mmov
abl
epr
oper
ty
UnderS.123oftheTransferofProper
tyAct,agif
tofanimmov ablepr
oper
tyir
respect
ive
ofit
sv alue,mustbemadet hr
oughar egist
ereddeed.Thus,thegif
tsofimmov abl
es.
WhetherCor por
ealorincor
porealorval
uemor ethanRs.100mustbesi gnedbyoron
behal
foft hedonor,att
estedbyatl east2compet entwitnessesandmustal sobe
r
egist
ered.Ev
enift
hevalueoftheproper
tyi
sverysmall
,i
fiti
sani
mmov
abl
epr
oper
ty,
i
tsgif
tmaybeeff
ectedonlybyaregi
ster
eddocument.
Gi
ftofmov
abl
epr
oper
ty
I
nagiftbymov abl
eproper
ty,
irr
espect
iveofi
tsval
ue,theregi
str
ati
onisopti
onal.Agif
t
ofmovabl
epropert
ycanbemadeei therbyaregi
ster
edinstr
umentsignedasaforesai
d
orbyadel
iver
yofpossessi
on.
Gi
ftofAct
ionabl
ecl
aim
S.123oftheTransferofPropert
yActhasri
ghtl
ybeenmadei nappl
icableinthegif
tof
acti
onabl
eclai
m becausealthoughi
tisamovablepr
oper
tyyetbeingintangi
ble,
iti
snot
capabl
eofbeingtransf
err
edt hr
oughdel
i
ver
yofpossessi
on.
Rev
ocat
ionofunr
egi
ster
edgi
ft
Atonet i
met her
ewasadoubtwhet hert hedonorcouldrevokeagi ftafteraccept
ancein
caseswher ethedeedwasnotregistered.ThePrivyCounci lcaseofKal yanasundar
am
vs.Koruppa,mayber egar
dedassettingt hefi
nalsealont hisquestion.Itwasdecided
thataft
ertheaccept
anceofthedeedofgi ftandbeforeregistrat
ion,t
hedonorcoul dnot
revokethedeed.

S.
124:
Thi
ssect
iont
ell
saboutt
hegi
ft
sofexi
sti
ngandf
utur
epr
oper
ty.
Gi
ftoff
utur
epr
oper
ty
Agiftcompr i
singbot
hexist
ingandfut
urepropert
yi svoidsofarasf
utur
eproper
tyi
s
concerned.Therecanbenogiftoffut
ureproper
ty.Agi f
toffutur
epr
opert
yisamere
promisewhichcannotbeenfor
cedandisther
efor
ev oid.

S.125:Thi
ssect
ionpr
ovi
desf
ort
hegi
ftt
osev
eral
,ofwhom onedoesnot
accept.
Whereagiftmadet osever
alpersonsandoneofthem doesnott
akeit
,itbecomesvoid
astot heinterestwhi
chhewoul dhav et
akenhadheaccept ed.Inotherwords,the
shar
esoft hosewhoacceptthegiftar
enotincr
easedbytheshareofhi
m whor ef
uses.
Astothelattershar
e,t
hegi
ftfai
l
s.

S.126:Thissect
ion pr
ovi
desf
orwhen t
heGi
ftmaybesuspended or
revoked.
Thegif
tdeedandagreementf
ormi
ngonet
ransact
ionar
etober
eadt
oget
herandgi
ven
eff
ectt
oaccordi
ngl
y.
A gif
tmaybesuspendedorr evokedincert
aincasesbyagr
eementandi
ncer
tai
n
ci
rcumst
anceswi
thoutanypr
evi
ousagreement.
ByAgr
eement
Thegener alr
ulei
sthatthereisnov al
idgif
tatallwhentheper
sonpurport
stogiveand
atthesamet imeret
ainstheliber
tyofrevoki
ngthegiftathi
spl
easur
e.Butthi
spri
ncipal
i
squal i
fiedbytherulethatthepowerofr evocati
onwouldbevali
diftheeventonthe
happeningofwhichthegiftcanberevokeddoesnotdependonthewill
ofthedonor.
Byr
ecessi
onasi
nthecaseofcont
ract
A giftmayber evokedont hesamegr oundasacont r
actmayber esci
nded.The
ci
rcumstancesunderwhi chthecont r
actmayber esci
nded, arecontai
nedinS.19ofthe
contactact
.“ Whenconsentt oanagr eementiscausedbycoer cion,undueinfl
uence,
fr
audormi srepresentati
on,theagr eementi sacont r
actv oidabl
eatt heoptionofthe
partywhoseconsentwassoobt ained” .Thus,whereani mpr ovi
dentgiftismadet oa
personwhoi sinaposi t
iontodomi natet hewil
lofthedonor, t
hepresumpt i
onisthatt
he
gi
ftwasobt ai
nedunderunduei nf
luence.
I
nthecaseofKamal akantaMohapatravs.Prat
apChandr aMohapatr
a,thecour theld
t
hatt
hedeedofgi f
twhi chisonceexecutedandregist
eredcannotberevoked,unless
t
hemandator
yrequir
ementoft hesect
ioni
snotfulf
il
led.

S.
127:
Thi
ssect
ionpr
ovi
desf
orOner
ousGi
ft
s.
Thissecti
onisbaseduponthemaxim quisent
itcommodum sentir
edebetetonus(
he
whor ecei
vesadvant
agemustbeartheburdenalso).Agifti
ssai
dtobeonerouswhen
theli
abil
it
iesi
tenti
tl
esoutwei
ghthebenefi
ts.Thepr i
nci
plei
sthathewhoacceptst
he
benefi
tofthetr
ansact
ionmustal
soacceptstheburdenofthesame.
Wherehowev er,t
hegi ftofsever
althi
ngsi
smadei nt heform oftwoormor esepar
ate
andindependenttransfers,t
hedoneeisatful
lli
ber
tyt oacceptanyoftheseandrej
ect
ther
est,al
thoughthef ormermaybebenefici
alandthelat
teronerous.
Ifanonerousgif
tismadetoadi squal
if
iedperson,e.
g,minorandthatpersonacceptsit
,
heisnotboundbyhi sacceptancebutcanmakehi schoiceuponat t
aini
ngmaj ori
ty
eit
hertoacceptthegi
ftbur
denedwi t
hanobligati
onorr et
urnit
.

S.
128:
Thi
ssect
ionpr
ovi
desf
orUni
ver
sal
Donee.
Subjectt
opr ovi
sionsofS.127,wher
et hegi
ftconsi
stofdonor’swholepropert
y,the
doneeispersonal
lyli
ablef
orallt
hedebtsduebyandliabi
l
iti
esofthedonorattheti
me
ofthegif
ttotheextentoft
heproper
tycompri
sedther
ein.

S.
129:Thi
ssect
ionpr
ovi
desf
orsav
ingofdonat
ionsmor
ti
scausa and
Mohammedanl
aw.
Nothinginthi
schapterrel
atestogiftofmovabl
eproper
tymadeincont
empl
ati
onof
death,orshal
lbedeemedtoaffectanyr
uleofMohammedanLaw.
Present
ati
ononGi f
tsunder
Transf
erofPropert
yAct,
1882
Submi
tt
edBy
:Gaur
iVashi
st&Shr
utiPande
I
II
-Year(
A)
Del
hiMet
ropol
it
anEducat
ion
Submi
tt
edTo:Ms.Tul
ikaNar
bar
Assi
stantPr
ofessor
Del
hiMet
ropol
it
anEducat
ion