Advanced Energy Design Guide

for K–12 Buildings

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Achieving 50% Energy Savings Toward a Net Zero Energy Building

Climate Zone Table

© 2011 ASHRAE
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ASHRAE
The American Institute of Architects
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
U.S. Green Building Council
U.S. Department of Energy
Climate zones for United States counties.
Reproduced from ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 169-2013, Climatic Data for Building Design Standards, © 2013 ASHRAE.

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50%K-12.book Page 80 Tuesday, September 27, 2011 5:58 PM

80 | Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 School Buildings

Climate Zone 4 Recommendation Table for K-12 School Buildings

Item Component Recommendation How-To Tips 
Insulation entirely above deck R-30.0 c.i. EN2,17,19,21,22
Attic and other R-49.0 EN3,17,19,20,21
Roofs
Metal building R-19.0 + R-11 Ls EN4,17,19,21,22
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) Comply with Standard 90.1*
Mass (HC > 7 Btu/ft2) R-13.3 c.i. EN5,17,19, 21
Steel framed R-13.0 + R-7.5 c.i. EN6,17,19, 21
Walls Wood framed and other R-13.0 + R-7.5 c.i. EN7,17,19, 21
Metal building R-0.0 + R-19.0 c.i. EN8,17,19, 21
Below grade walls R-7.5 c.i. EN9,17,19, 21,22
Mass R-14.6 c.i. EN10,17,19, 21
Floors Steel framed R-38.0 EN11,17,19, 21
Wood framed and other R-38.0 EN11,17,19, 21
Unheated Comply with Standard 90.1* EN17,19, 21
Envelope

Slabs EN13,14,17,19,
Heated R-20 for 24 in.
21,22
Swinging U-0.50 EN15,17
Doors
Nonswinging U-0.50 EN16,17
Vestibules At building entrance Yes EN17,18
Nonmetal framing = U-0.38
Thermal transmittance EN24
Metal framing = U-0.44
E or W orientation = 5% maximum
Fenestration-to-floor-area ratio (FFR) EN24–25
View N or S orientation = 7% maximum
Fenestration E or W orientation = 0.40
Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) N orientation = 0.62 EN24,28–29
S orientation = 0.75
Exterior sun control S orientation only = PF-0.5 EN26
Visible transmittance (VT) See Table 5-5 for appropriate VT value DL1,5–6,23
Daylight
Interior/exterior sun control
Fenestration S orientation = no glare during school hours DL1,9,12,13,31
(S orientation only)
Classroom, resource rooms, cafeteria, gym, and DL1–5,7–21,
Daylight 100% of floor area for 2/3 of school hours
multipurpose rooms 24–30,32–41
Daylighting
Daylight perimeter floor area (15 ft) for 2/3 of school
Administration areas DL1–5,8–12
hours
Interior surface average reflectance for daylighted Ceilings = 80%
Interior Finishes DL14
rooms Wall surfaces = 70%
Whole building = 0.70 W/ft2
Gyms, multipurpose rooms = 1.0 W/ft2
Classrooms, art rooms, kitchens, libraries, media
Lighting power density (LPD) centers= 0.8 W/ft2 EL12–19
Cafeterias, lobbies = 0.7 W/ft2
Offices = 0.60 W/ft2
Auditoriums, restrooms = 0.5 W/ft2
Corridors, mechanical rooms = 0.4 W/ft2
Daylighting/Lighting

Interior Lighting T8 & T5 > 2 ft = 92,

Light source lamp efficacy (mean lumens per watt) T8 & T5  2 ft = 85, EL4–6
All other > 50
Non-dimming = NEMA Premium Instant Start
T8 ballasts
Dimming= NEMA Premium Program Start
EL4–6
T5/T5HO ballasts Electronic program start
CFL and HID ballasts Electronic
Dimming controls daylight harvesting Dim all fixtures in daylight zones EL8,9,11–19
Lighting controls Manual ON, auto/timed OFF in all areas as possible EL8,9,11–20
LPD = 0.075 W/ft2 in LZ-3 & LZ-4
Façade and landscape lighting LPD = 0.05 W/ft2 in LZ-2 EL23
Controls = auto OFF between 12am and 6am
LPD = 0.1 W/ft2 in LZ-3 & LZ-4
Parking lots and drives LPD = 0.06 W/ft2 in LZ-2 EL21
Exterior Lighting Controls = auto reduce to 25% (12am to 6am)
LPD = 0.16 W/ft2 in LZ-3 & LZ-4
Walkways, plaza, and special feature areas LPD = 0.14 W/ft2 in LZ-2 EL22
Controls = auto reduce to 25% (12am to 6am)
LPD = Comply with Standard 90.1*
All other exterior lighting EL25
Controls = auto reduce to 25% (12am to 6am)
Laptop computers Minimum 2/3 of total computers PL2,3
Equipment
ENERGY STAR equipment All computers, equipment, and appliances PL3,5
Choices
Vending machines De-lamp and specify best in class efficiency PL3,5
Network control with power saving modes and
Computer power control PL2,3
Plug Loads

control off during unoccupied hours

Controllable power outlets with auto OFF during
unoccupied hours for classrooms, office, library/
Controls/ Power outlet control media spaces PL3,4
Programs All plug-in equipment not requiring continuous
operation to use controllable outlets
Implement at least one:
Policies • District/school policy on allowed equipment PL3,4
• School energy teams
*Note: Where the table says “Comply with Standard 90.1,” the user must meet the more stringent of either the applicable version of ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 or the local code requirements.

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50%K-12.book Page 81 Tuesday, September 27, 2011 5:58 PM

Chapter 4—Design Strategies and Recommendations by Climate Zone | 81

Climate Zone 4 Recommendation Table for K-12 School Buildings (Continued)

Item Component Recommendation How-To Tips 
ENERGY STAR or California rebate-qualified
Cooking equipment KE1,2
equipment
6 in. insulation on low-temp walk-in equipment,
Kitchen

Insulated floor, LED lighting, floating-head pressure

Kitchen Walk-in refrigeration equipment KE2,5
controls, liquid pressure amplifier, subcooled liquid
Equipment
refrigerant, evaporative condenser
Side panels, larger overhangs, rear seal at
Exhaust hoods appliances, proximity hoods, KE3,6
VAV demand-based exhaust
Gas water heater (condensing) 95% efficiency WH1–5
Electric storage EF (12 kW, 20 gal) EF > 0.99 – 0.0012 × Volume WH1–5
SWH

Service Water Point-of-use heater selection 0.81 EF or 81% Et WH1–5

Heating Electric heat-pump water heater efficiency COP 3.0 (interior heat source) WH1–5
Solar hot-water heating 30% solar hot-water fraction when LCC effective WH7
Pipe insulation (d < 1.5 in./d1.5 in.) 1/1.5 in. WH6
GSHP cooling efficiency 17.1 EER HV1,11
GSHP heating efficiency 3.6 COP HV1,11
GSHP compressor capacity control Two stage or variable speed HV1,11
Water-circulation pumps VFD and NEMA Premium Efficiency HV8
Ground Source
Cooling tower/fluid cooler VFD on fans HV1,8,11
Heat-Pump
(GSHP) System Boiler efficiency 90% Ec HV1,7,11
with DOAS Maximum fan power 0.4 W/cfm HV12
A (humid) zones = 60% enthalpy reduction
Exhaust air energy recovery in DOAS B (dry) zones = 60% dry-bulb temp reduction HV4,5
C (marine) zones = 60% enthalpy reduction
DOAS ventilation control DCV with VFD HV4,10,15
Water-cooled chiller efficiency Comply with Standard 90.1* HV2,6,11
Water circulation pumps VFD and NEMA Premium Efficiency HV6,7
Boiler efficiency 90% Ec HV2,7,11
Maximum fan power 0.4 W/cfm HV12
Fan-Coil System FCU fans Multiple speed HV2,12
HVAC

with DOAS Economizer Comply with Standard 90.1* HV2,14

A (humid) zones = 60% enthalpy reduction
Exhaust air energy recovery in DOAS B (dry) zones = 60% dry-bulb temp reduction HV4,5
C (marine) zones = 60% enthalpy reduction
DOAS ventilation control DCV with VFD HV4,10,15
Air-cooled chiller efficiency 10 EER; 12.75 IPLV HV3,6,11
Water-cooled chiller efficiency Comply with Standard 90.1* HV3,6,11
Water circulation pumps VFD and NEMA Premium Efficiency HV6,7
VAV Air- Boiler efficiency 90% Ec HV3,7,11
Handling Maximum fan power 0.8 W/cfm HV12
System with Economizer Comply with Standard 90.1* HV3,14
DOAS A (humid) zones = 60% enthalpy reduction
Exhaust air energy recovery in DOAS B (dry) zones = 60% dry-bulb temp reduction HV4,5
C (marine) zones = 60% enthalpy reduction
DOAS ventilation control DCV with VFD HV4,10,15
Outdoor air damper Motorized damper HV10
Ducts and
Duct seal class Seal Class A HV20
Dampers
Insulation level R-6 HV19
Disaggregate submeters for lighting, HVAC, general
Electrical submeters QA14–17
120V, renewables, and whole building
M&V

M&V/ Begin submetering early to address issues during

Benchmarking warranty period
Benchmarking QA14–17
Benchmark monthly energy use
Provide training on benchmarking
*Note: Where the table says “Comply with Standard 90.1,” the user must meet the more stringent of either the applicable version of ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 or the local code requirements.

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