MAPEH 4 – Its name originated from the English words
Music – Lesson 12: “Melodic Direction
Melodic Direction – is the movement of tones in
a musical piece that produces melody.
- Notes can go up (ascending), and down
(descending) the staff by steps or by skips.
Types of Melodic Direction
1. Step Tones – the notes go up or down in a
succession of line to space motion with the
staff.
2. Skip Tones – the notes go up or down in a line
to line or space to space motion within the
staff.
- in a line to line tone, notes skip a space; in a
space to space, notes skip a line.
3. Neighboring Tones – the notes within the
staff go up in a line to line or space to space
motion, while line to another space or space
to another line.
4. Repeated Tones – the notes within the staff
are repeated twice or more, either on a line
or space.
Art – Lesson 12: “Festivals of Cultural
Groups”
Festival – it reflects the unique beliefs,
practices, and cultural heritage of an ethnic
community.
- Philippines are rich in many different and
colorful festivals that attract tourist from
all over the world.
Different Filipino Festivals
1. The Ati-Atihan Festival
- It is a thanksgiving festival between the Ati
people (Aetas) and Maraymon (immigrants
from Borneo) held on the third week of
January every year at Kalibo, Aklan.
- Ati-atihan means make-believe Ati or
Aetas.
- The festival consists of drumbeats, native
song, and folk dances with the participants
wearing painted faces/bodies and colorful
costumes and shouting “Hala Bira!” .
- When the Spaniards came, they integrated
Roman Catholic beliefs that of holding a
mass and processions and dedicated the
festival to Santo Niño and since then, the
Ati-Atihan Festival became a religious
festival
2. The Masskara Festival
“Mask”, meaning cover and “Mass”, which
means, crowd, and the Spanish Word
“Kara” meaning face.
– It is held every third week of October in
Bacolod City, Negros Occidental.
– It portrays the steadfast character of the
Negrences – that putting on a happy face
when confronted with challenges.
– The festival is characterized by
participants elegantly dressed with
indigenous costumes with towering
headgears, dancing in the streets wearing
mask reflective of the happy Negrese
spirit.
3. The Moriones Festival
- The word Morion means “Mask” or “Visor”,
a part of the medieval Roman armor which
covers the face.
- It is held annually on Holy Week in
Marinduque.
- It dramatizes the Roman soldiers searching
for Longinus – the Centurion with one blind
eye who pierced the side of the crucified
Christ.
- The blood that spurted forth touch
Longinus’s blind eye which restored his sight
and that miracle converted him to
Christianity which made his fellow
Centurions mad and haunting him leading the
climax of the drama when Longinus is caught
and beheaded.
- Participants of the festival are men and
women wearing costumes and masks
replicating the dress of Roman soldiers,
searching for Longinus.
- They engage in street theater and dancing
as a form of penitence.
4. The Begnas Festival
- Begnas is an Igorot community festival with
offerings and sacrifices believed to cause
abundance of harvest.
- It is characterized by mock tribal war,
native songs/ballad, folk dances, and folk
games.
- It is further highlighted with a festive meal
with “Tapey” (Rice Wine), contributed by
every family.
P.E. – Lesson 12: “Intramurals”
Intramurals – is an interactive school event in
which students play in different sports.
- It consists of a set of competitions that test
the physical skills of students.
- The competitions may be held among sections
or grade levels.
- It promotes team spirit and sportsmanship
among the students.

Sports Events Played in Intramurals:

 Basketball
 Volleyball
 Table Tennis
 Badminton
 Sipa
 Sepak Takraw
 Chess
 Softball
 Baseball
 Track and Field

Health – Lesson 12: “Dysentery”

Dysentery – is an inflammation disorder of the

lower intestinal tract and is usually caused by
bacteria, parasitic, or protozoan infection.

2 Types of Dysentery:
1. Bacillary Dysentery – this is caused by the
bacteria shigella.
- This is also called Shigellosis and can be
mild, severe, or fatal.
- The majority of cases occur in developing
nations and the most infected are children
less than five years old.
2. Amoebic Dysentery – this is caused by a
type of amoeba, a single-celled (protozoan)
organism that is always changing shape,
called Entamoeba hystolytica, which is
common in tropics.
Signs and Symptoms
 For Bacillary Dysentery:
- mild stomach pain
- bloody diarrhea
- in severe cases:
o watery diarrhea containing blood and
mucus
o nausea or vomiting
o severe abdominal cramps
o fever (38˚C or higher)
 For Amoebic Dysentery:
- watery diarrhea containing blood and mucus,
or pus
- nausea or vomiting
- abdominal pain
- fever and chills
- bleeding from the rectum
- loss of appetite and weight loss.