Table of Contests Weekly Analysis May 4 2017

th

1 Global Issues 27 Weekly Current Affairs MCQs 45 Solved MCQs of CSS Compulsory
1 French Elections Papers 2016
3 Iran’s Elections 28 Transcripts ofTalk Shows 46 PMS General Knowledge Paper
5 The Role of Leadership in Foreign 28 World Righ Now With Hala Gorani 2015
Policy: A Case Study of Russia under (CNN) Solved AD (Investigation) FIA Paper
Vladimir Putin 34 Fareed Zakaria GPS (CNN) 2015

8 Pakistan’s Domestic Issues 37 Research Articles for CSS 51 Urdu Reports & Transcripts of
8 Energy Crisis Essay Topics Programs
12 How Pakistan’s Panama Paper 37 Freedom of Expression and its 52 Jirga by Saleem Safi
Probe Unfolded Limitations 55 Aaj Shahzaib Khanzada ke Saath
41 Restrictions on Freedom of
21 Pakistan’s External Affairs Expression
21 SCO and Regional Security
23 Daesh in South Asia 45 Solved Pas Papers

Editorial
Current issue of the Weekly Analysis deals with those global, regional and domestic affairs which are increasingly affecting the globe
militarily, politically, and economically.-As previous edition of this magazine has thoroughly explained Syria’s Crises, North Korea’s Problem,
Populism and Indo-Pak Water Disputes along with other regional and domestic problems such as South China Sea Dispute, FATA’s
Mainstreaming and Nuclear Arm Race in South Asia etc in such a manner that even a person with no background of national and international
affairs can easily comprehend the nature of those issues.

Last week remained mostly clouded by news about first phase of French elections, Iran’s upcoming elections, Russian Foreign Policy
and deadly attack of Afghan Taliban on Aghan Army, Shaheen Army Corps in Balkh province, leaving hundreds of soldiers dead. Secondly, on
regional level, shadow of Daesh on South Asia, SCO’s implications on regional security apparatus has hotly been debated. Further, one can see
that domestically, debate on Pakistan’s energy crises and formation of JIT (Joint Investigation Team) to probe trails of corruption and money
laundering case against Pakistan’s PM Nawaz Sharif remained more prevalent. The Weekly Analysis, in this edition, will help its readers to
critically analyze these problems from different perspectives—national and international.

Similarly, weekly current affairs MCQs, transcripts of week’s best talk shows, research articles for CSS essay on freedom of expression
and solved past papers conducted by FPSC and PPSC are also part of current Weekly Analysis so that readers and candidates of competitive
exams may enrich their knowledge in order to succeed in their lives.

Mian Waqas Haider

0345-4740019 Editorial Board
Mianwhaider@gmail.com
Haseeb Hassan, Dawood Gill, Aqsa Batool, Amir Saleem, Farina,
Kamishka Iftikhar, Kinza Qaisar, Maliha Fayyaz, Momel Khan,
Laiba Haq, Rizwan Haider, Faiza Azhar, & Naima Batool.

To Get WEEKLY ANALYSIS Regularly, Contact Here:

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Global Issues Weekly Analysis May 44thth 2017

2017

Global Issues
French Elections
Introduction to France's political structure Sénat
The upper chamber of parliament is the Sénat or Senate. Senators are
chosen by "grands électeurs", notably by mayors and other locally
The President elected representatives. They are elected for six years and half of seats
The head of state and head of the executive, the President is elected come up for election every three years. There are currently 348 senators.
by universal suffrage for a five-year term (le quinquennat). The Right-wing currently has a majority.
Since 2008, the maximum number of presidential terms is limited to New bills (projets de loi), proposed by government, and new private
two. members bills (propositions de loi)
The President, who is also supreme must be approved by both chambers,
commander of the military, determines before becoming law. However, by
policy with the aid of his Council of virtue of Article 49.3 of the French
Ministers (Conseil des ministres). The constitution, a government can override
residence of the President of the French parliamentary opposition and pass a law
Republic is the Elysée Palace in Paris. without a parliamentary vote - a
The prime minister relatively rare occurrence.
The President appoints a prime What about local government?
minister who forms a government. The  Despite efforts to
residence of the French prime minister "decentralise" France, it remains one of
is at Matignon House (l'Hôtel the most centralised developed
Matignon) in Paris. countries in the world.
Theoretically, ministers are chosen by  Its multi-layered
the PM; in practice unless the President administrative units with a local
and the PM are from different sides of
the political spectrum (a system known government - colloquially dubbed
as la cohabitation), they work together mille-feuille after the many-layered
to form a government. The President puff pastry - consist of:
must approve the appointment of  Around 36,000 communes
government ministers. headed by a municipal council and a
The Conseil des Ministres mayor, grouped in 96 départements,
The cabinet, le Conseil des ministres, headed by a conseil général (general
meets on a weekly basis, and is council) and its president, grouped in
presided over by the President - usually
at the Elysée. Typically consisting of 13 régions (recently reduced from 22),
around 15-16 individuals, the Conseil is headed by a regional council and its
headed by the prime minister but president. (Source : telegraph.co.uk)
chaired by the President. The total size  French presidential election:
of the ministerial team is typically 30-40. Polls and odds tracker
The members of the Conseil are called ministers, while the junior  Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen have both progressed
ministers are known as Secretaries of State - the reverse of the
from the first round in the race for the French presidency.
nomenclature in the British political system.
Ministers determine policy and put new legislation before parliament  The two candidates will face off in the second round on May 7,
in the form of bills (projets de loi); within the framework of existing where Macron is widely tipped to become the president of
law, they apply policy through decrees (décrets). France. According to recent polling by Elabe, he would take 65
The Assemblée Nationale per cent of the vote in a second-round run-off against Le Pen.
The French parliament is made up of two houses or chambers. The  It is expected that Macron - a centrist - should be able to attract
lower and principal house of parliament is the Assemblée nationale, a wider spectrum of second-round voters than Le Pen, pulling
or national assembly. Members of Parliament, called députés, are
in left-leaning voters from Hamon and Mélenchon as well as
elected by universal suffrage, in general elections (élections
législatives) that take place every five years - just weeks after the those leaning to the right that voted Fillon in the first round.
presidential election. There are currently 577 députés.  What will happen in the second round?
Parliamentary elections involve two rounds; a candidate can be  A word of caution: just because a candidate won the first
elected on the first round by obtaining an absolute majority of votes round, it doesn't mean that they're going to win the presidency.
cast. Failing that, the second round pits any candidate whose score  Candidates are pitted against each other twice in the election,
amounts to at least 12.5 per cent of registered voters. The Socialists
with the first round of the vote taking place on April 23.
currently have a majority in the National Assembly.
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Global Issues Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017

 The top two candidates will face off in a second run-off on
May 7.  Abandon the euro (and return to the franc), renegotiate France's
 Of the nine elections since the first direct presidential EU membership, then hold a referendum
election in the Fifth Republic in 1965, three have seen the
winner of the first round lose out in the second. This led to
the elections of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing in 1974, François
Mitterrand in 1981 and Jacques Chirac in 1995.
 What are the odds for the French presidential race?
 Macron is still the favourite to become president, with the
last average of the polls before the election showing him
considerably ahead of Le Pen.
 For those who have lost faith in political polling, asking
people who are prepared to put their money where their
mouth is the best way to predict elections.
 After Brexit, the election of Donald Trump and the 2015
General Election, many now believe that political betting
markets can better predict elections, relying on the wisdom
of a crowd of punters to sort and weigh all the probabilities.
 According to Coral, the odds for the next French President
are:
 Emmanual Macron, Independent: 1/6
 Marine Le Pen, Front National: 7/2
 What happened in the first round of the French presidential
election?
 Marine Le Pen achieved her highest vote shares in the
North East of France when she failed to make the second
round in 2012.  "Automatic" expulsion of illegal immigrants and cut legal
 It was no different this time around with there being a clear immigration to 10,000 per year
East-West divide in the way that the country voted on  "Extremist" mosques closed and priority to French nationals in
Sunday. social housing
 Le Pen attracted her highest vote share in the department of  Lower retirement age to 60 and 35-hour week assured
Aisne, to the North East of Paris. More than one in three  Ban wearing of "ostentatious" religious symbols such as
votes went to the Front National leader in Aisne - double Muslim headscarves and veils in public
the number that went to Macron.  Impose a 35% tax on goods from firms that relocate out of
 However, support for Le Pen within Paris was conspicuous France
by its absence. Fewer than one in 20 voters cast their Emannuel Macron’s manifesto
ballots for the far-right leader. This is a lower proportion  Unify France's complex pension system, made up of 35
than who did so in 2012. different public schemes
 Three days on from a terror attack in the capital that  Cut 120,000 public-sector jobs and bring down the budget
claimed the life of a police officer, it makes Paris one of deficit
just four areas of the country where Front National support  Slash corporation tax from 33% to 25% and let companies
fell compared to 2012. renegotiate 35-hour week
 Macron scooped up 34.8 per cent of the vote in Paris, his  Send more teachers to deprived areas, ban mobile phone use in
strongest area of support. schools for under-15sStrengthen EU ties, and tighten
 What are the manifestos of two leading candidates? integration between eurozone countries
 Marine Le-Pen’s Manifesto:  €50bn (£43bn; $53bn) public investment plan to cover job-
 training and shift to renewable energy.
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Global Issues Weekly Analysis May 4th

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Here’s our look at the main candidates to watch.

Iran’s elections Hassan Rouhani

Hassan Rouhani is among six candidates cleared to run. A mid-ranking
Shi’ite Muslim cleric, he came to power with a landslide victory in 2013
Introduction to Political System of Iran
– promising to end Iran’s international isolation and to create a freer
The political system of Iran is quite a complex one and combines
society.
elements of a modern Islamic ideology with democracy. The entire
He has championed a nuclear deal that ended a stand-off with the West –
system functions under a Supreme Leader who is appointed by the
and led to many sanctions being lifted in return for Tehran curbing its
Assembly of Experts and is the chief of state while the President is
nuclear programme.
Head of Government.
But hardline rivals say he’s failed to revive the economy.
Here is an overview of the structure of the political system of Iran.
Ebrahim Raisi
Supreme Leader
Another key election candidate is Ebrahim Raisi. A close ally of
The Supreme Leader holds the highest position in the political power
Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, he’s viewed as the main
structure of Iran who is in charge of defining and supervising the
hardline candidate challenging Rouhani.
general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Presently the
He has been a senior official for decades in the judiciary, which enforces
Supreme Leader is Ayatollah Ali Khamenei whose major
clerical control of the country.
responsibilities include-
Law professor Raisi has been critical of Rouhani’s economic record and
Appointment of the head of the judiciary
portrays himself as a champion of the poor.
Appointment of the clergy members on the Council of Guardians
He was appointed last year as the custodian of an organisation in charge
Appointment of the commanders of all the armed forces
of a multi-billion-euro religious foundation.
Appointment of the Friday prayer leaders and the head of radio and
Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf
TV
Another one to watch is former police chief Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf.
The Supreme Leader is also responsible for confirming the
President's election.
The Executive
According to the Constitution of Iran, the President is the Head of
the Government who hold the powers of the Executive after the
Supreme Leader. The President is elected for a term of 4 years by
universal suffrage. The responsibilities of the President includes:
Implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive
powers, except matter relating to Supreme Leader.
The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers
Coordinates government decisions, and selects government policies
to be placed before the legislature
The executive branch also includes a cabinet comprising of a council
of ministers selected by the President with the approval of the
Legislature.
The Executive branch of the Government of Iran also comprises of
three oversight bodies namely - Assembly of Experts Expediency
Council or the Council for the Discernment of Expediency Council Viewed as a pragmatic conservative, he’s been the mayor of Tehran
of Guardians since 2005.
The Legislature The present legislative branch of Iran comprises of He has also criticised Rouhani’s economic policy – and has promised to
the unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly. Prior to the Islamic more than double Iran’s income and tackle unemployment by creating
Revolution, the legislature was bicameral, but the new constitution five million jobs.
removed the upper house. Members of the legislative branch are Eshaq Jahangiri
elected for a 4 year term by popular vote. Eshaq Jahangiri is Iran’s first vice president.
Judiciary The head of the Judiciary is appointed by the Supreme The moderate says he decided to run in the election to “stand by
Leader and in turn the judicial head appoints the head of the Rouhani and complement him.” There had been concerns that the
Supreme Court and the chief public prosecutor. The Supreme Court incumbent might be disqualified.
and the High Council of the Judiciary comprises of a single head Jahangiri is expected to drop out to avoid a split in the moderate camp’s
with overlapping responsibilities. Jointly both supervise the votes.
enforcement of all laws and are responsible for establishing judicial Other election facts
and legal policies. The other types of Courts include a special The vote happens on 19 May
clerical court, a revolutionary court, and a special administrative If no candidate wins at least 50 percent, plus one vote of all ballots cast,
court. It is to be noted that the judiciary of Iran have never been there will be a run-off between the top two candidates on the first Friday
independent of political influence of the country. Another function of after the election results. (source : Euronews.com)
the judiciary includes nominating the six members of the Council of Issues that will appeal to voters
Guardians. (source: World Political Systems)  The adage, "It's the economy, stupid", applies as much in Iran
Key Candidates to watch in 2017 presidential Polls as it does anywhere else.
With less than one month to go until its presidential election, Iran is
 Iranians do not look too kindly on candidates who are not seen
gearing up for a political showdown.
to have helped improve living standards, no matter how good
Incumbent pragmatist Hassan Rouhani is seeking a second term
they manage to strike the right chord on other issues.
against hardline rivals and is seen as having a big chance.
The economy and security are among the most important issues
for Iranian voters
Iran’s Supreme Leader holds ultimate authority, but the vote will  The state of the economy matters at least as much as political
influence the image and policies of the Islamic Republic. freedoms and human rights, which the progressive middle class

Global Issues
cherishes, or faith and family values, which rural
conservative voters feel strongly about.
 Corruption comes in as the second most important issue,
which many may argue is closely linked with economic
mismanagement.
 The nuclear deal is also important to Iranians but only as
long as they feel like it is necessary for the betterment of
their lives.
 However, whether the economic benefits of sanctions relief
- the lynchpin of the deal for Iran - have filtered down yet
to ordinary people's lives is debatable.
 It is a debate that Mr Rouhani needs to win if he wants to
stay on for a second term.
Iran Election: It is not about moderates or hardliners:
The upcoming presidential election in May 2017 will determine not
only Iran's policies in the short term but also the future direction of
the Islamic Republic. Based on the result of this election, Iran can
move towards either a more theocratic, militaristic regime or a more
democratic, electoral one.
Many of Iran's observers have analysed elections through the binary
lens of moderates v hardliners. From this viewpoint, the primary
candidates who can pass the filter of the Guardian Council, a
conservative institution responsible for endorsing the final candidate
list, belong to two groups: hardliners and moderates.
Right now, three main candidates are running: incumbent President
Hojatoleslam Hassan Rouhani from the moderate wing; and
Hojatoleslam Ebrahim Raisi and Mohammad Ghalibaf, both
hardliners.
Raisi is the national prosecutor-general and the custodian of the
Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad, while Ghalibaf is the former
commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and
Iran's national police, and current Mayor of Tehran.
However, the binary of moderates and hardliners is no longer a
useful paradigm with which to understand Iranian politics. It cannot
explain the difference among hardliner candidates; nor can it predict
Iran's political future.
To better understand Iran's politics, it helps to examine which power
bloc each candidate belonged to before running for office: the clergy,
the technocrats, or the military/security forces.
Three blocks that shaped Iran
Since 1979, these three blocs and the interactions between them have
shaped Iranian policy. Three forms of alliances have arisen from the
interactions between these groups: the clergy-military, the clergy-
technocrats and the military-technocrats.
In the 1980s, the clergy-military alliance was the dominant axis, and
the clergy had the upper hand therein. In the 1990s, power shifted in
favour of the technocrats and against the Revolutionary Guard.
During the Hashemi Rafsanjani period (1989–1997), the clergy-
technocrats alliance was dominant, and the clerics had more weight.
However, during Khatami's presidency (1997-2005), this alliance
changed to a technocrat-clergy alliance in which the bureaucrats had
the upper hand.
The power shifted again under Ahmadinejad as the IRGC-
bureaucrats alliance became the most influential group and political
base of his hardliner administration (2005-2012). Currently, under
Rouhani's presidency, technocrats have returned to power and are
responsible for shaping government policy, while the IRGC has
become marginalised, at least in the administration.
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Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
Using this framework, we can categorise the main presidential
candidates in three categories: some are close to the clerical network
(Howzeh), while others are close to the bureaucracy or military. For
example, Hassan Rouhani represents the clergy-technocrat alliance;
Raisi, the clergy-military/security alliance; and Ghalibaf - the
security/military-technocrats alliance.
Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei, is also closer to the alliance
of the clergy and the military (IRGC). This explains his appointment of
Raisi as the custodian of the Imam Reza shrine, the wealthiest
conglomerate foundation in Mashhad. Raisi also has a good relationship
with the IRGC and the Basij militia, as well as the Iranian judiciary.
These three axes - the clergy-military, the clergy-technocrat, and the
technocrat-military - have different political, social, cultural and even
economic orientations. As a result, the victory of one of these candidates
in the May presidential election will decide which group holds the most
power in shaping Iran's domestic and foreign policies. Not only that, this
most powerful axis will affect the future of the Islamic Republic by
influencing future elections and, most importantly, the appointment of
the next supreme leader.
Second most powerful figure
While Iran's presidents lack the ultimate power to design Iran's security
and foreign policies, which falls under the domain of Iran's supreme
leader, the president is still the second most powerful figure in Iran's
political structure.
The re-election of President Rouhani would lead to continued
normalisation and rationalisation of the regime and a strengthening of
the technocrats. Meanwhile, the victory of Raisi might instead
strengthen the axis of radical clergy and the Revolutionary Guard and
lead to the radicalisation of the administration and narrowing down of
the political space. Similarly, Ghalibaf's victory would strengthen the
security/military-technocrat alliance and probably increase the
involvement of the IRGC in politics.
The election is significant in determining short-term policies, but it also
has a substantial impact on the selection of the next supreme leader.
Although the president is not directly involved in the selection process,
the president still plays an important role. The Iranian constitution states
that, in the event of the death of the Supreme Leader, the president is
one of three key figures in a council that will take over the duties of the
supreme leader until the Assembly of Experts, a body of 88 jurists,
appoints a new one.
The other two members of this council are the head of the judicial power
and a jurist from the Guardian Council. Because there are no constraints
on the length of the appointment process, the temporary ruling council
could be in power for a long time.
Among the presidential candidates, both Rouhani and Raisi are members
of the Assembly of Experts. As a result, they have more power in the
selection of the next supreme leader when the time comes. Because
Ayatollah Khamenei is 77 and has been reported not to be in good
health, there is a possibility that the next supreme leader will be elected
within the next four years.
The leaders who are affiliated with the clergy-military alliance can move
Iran in a different direction, possibly towards a more militaristic regime,
than leaders who are closer to the clergy-technocrats axis. For this
reason, it seems that this is the most important election in the history of
the Islamic Republic so far. (Source: Al-Jazeera.com)

Global Issues
The Role of Leadership in Foreign Policy: A Case Study of
Russia under Vladimir Putin
By Dr Nazir Hussain and Fatima Shakoor
Abstract
International Relations has been preoccupied with the paradigmatic
clashes between different theorists who rarely accommodate the role
of beliefs, personalities, emotions, perceptions and decision-making
processes of individual political leaders. Yet the history of
international politics includes many leaders who have left a
profound mark on its course, and many explanations of historically
consequential events point towards the significant role of individual
political leaders. The focus of this study is to understand the
influence of leaders in foreign policy decision-making and the
subsequent impact of the choices that they make at the international
level. Towards this end, this article takes the case of Russian
President Vladimir Putin and tries to assess the extent to which
Russian foreign policy is a product of his inspiration and studies the
impact of his policies internationally.
Introduction
For the most part, the theoretical history of International Relations
was dominated by the research programmes that were largely seen to
be system, state and society centered. Even the constructivist project,
with its inclusionary nature and flexibility, failed to take the
emotional and cognitive aspects of individual human agency into
account. It is only recently that these aspects have gained credence.
An important reason behind this acceptance is the prevailing
uncertainty in the post-Cold War era. Falling influence of systemic
constraints such as the notion of balance of power has given
individual leaders more maneuvering space and authority in the
course of their state’s external actions and agendas.
This exercise of individual power and authority in international
affairs is most potently visible in Russia with Vladimir Putin at the
helm of its affairs. The newfound focus and professionalism in
Russian foreign policy as well as Russia’s reassertion as a great
power under Putin has spurred interest in understanding the leader
from all quarters. It is a widely held belief that Putin is the face of
Russia’s foreign policy and everything stems from him. He is
considered Russia’s supreme leader with a high popularity rating that
persists even in his third term as the President of Russia. It has,
therefore, become important to study the individual behind Putin in
order to better understand the underpinnings of his policy choices
and to formulate predictions about his future decisions.
Domestic Context of Putin’s Foreign Policy
It is a widely held belief that political leaders enjoying a strong
authority base domestically have a freer hand in international affairs
as well. In other words, the idea is that strong, centrist and autocratic
political cultures usually give birth to populous leaders. This in no
way implies that democracies do not generate popular leaders. It only
shows that democratic leaders are unable to exert individual power
as freely as the leaders of authoritative governments because their
political cultures give primacy to institutions and not individuals.
This, in turn, impacts their capacity to unilaterally influence state
actions. Hence based on the above arguments, it can be said that
leaders can only come out strongly in the international domain and
5
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
prove influential if they have a conducive and suitable domestic base at
home. In order to understand Putin’s influence in international politics, it
is important to first establish him as the major driver of Russia’s foreign
policy. Doing so requires studying the domestic context and the
procedures of foreign policymaking in Russia.
Policy Landscape
The decision-making domain is the most important aspect of
policymaking and is characterized by the identity of those who are
responsible for carrying it out. In Russia, this obviously includes
President Putin, but also other figures, namely Prime Minister
Dmitry Medvedev, Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration
Sergei Ivanov, CEO of the Russian state oil giant Rosneft Igor Sechin,
and Secretary of the Security Council of Russia Nikolai Patrushev. 17
Putin is at the epicentre of this decision-making hierarchy and is
considered to be the supreme decision-making authority. Other members
have limited influence as they are in a subordinate position to Putin and
also because they all are entrusted with narrower domains and agendas.
Steven Myers in his study on Putin related an occasion after the
September 11 attacks, where Ivanovo’s pinion was overruled by him
when he (Putin) stormed into the Defence Ministry and ordered the
Russian commanders to work with the Americans.18 Despite the
Defence Minister’s disapproval and inhibitions regarding American
operations in Central Asia, he obliged quietly and dropped his public
opposition to American operations in Central Asia.
Political Culture
Political culture is a loose concept that constitutes a number of things. It
comprises the institutional habits of a political set-up, describes its
commitment to certain principles and is usually associated with one or
the other regime type. A centralized and authoritative government
characterized by personalized decision-making usually gives rise to
aggressive foreign policies. The domestic style of maintaining control
more often than not translates in their international conduct and results
in them focusing more on projecting military capabilities and a strong
power image and status. Though debatable, the political culture of
Russia is seen to be one that favours strong, autocratic rule. Russia’s
history is marked by strong political figures at the helm of affairs.
Autocratic style of government remained the constant feature of Russian
governments starting from the ironclad hold of Tsars till the Politburo-
centered Communist rule. Russia’s transition to democracy is a
relatively recent phenomenon and is still in the process of evolving into
a government that is both modern and democratic. In the current
scenario, even if various interest groups and political elite at the national
level disagree with Russia’s policies, especially in the foreign policy
domain, the final say rests with the Executive - Putin. He has created
something that his advisers call, managed democracy‟ that only provides
a semblance of popular will but where opposition parties are neutered
and Russians lost the ability to vote in direct elections. The legacy of the
Tsarist and Communist rulers lingers in the political culture of present-
day Russia in the words of Putin who once told a group of foreign
journalists:

Global Issues
,The Russian people are backward...they cannot adapt to democracy
as they have done in your countries. They need time.,
Political and Institutional Context On coming to power, Putin had to
grapple with an agitated public dissatisfied with the instability and
impoverishment of the Yeltsin24 years. The public desire for order
and stability within government was at its peak. Putin, on coming to
the fore, was viewed as a new actor with few bad legacies to his
name. He seized on the popular desire for order and, legality‟ which
helped him in securing wider legitimacy and popularity amongst
Russia’s masses. Putin aptly demonstrated that a central or statist
control could yield dividends for diverse groups. Putin banked on
this need for stability and consolidated his own power in an
astounding way:
,In his first two terms, from 2000 to 2008, he brought down the
oligarchs, thereby regaining total control of the news media and
orchestrating the breakup of Yukos, the giant oil company (and
jailing its chief executive, Mikhail Khodorkovsky), which returned
two important power sources to the state. His loyal friends now run
most of Russia’s important industries.,
His personal animosity towards the financial-industrial interest
groups further helped him in securing trust and support of the public
that equally detested the group. This wide and popular support base
gave him more maneuvering space in domestic affairs and once his
legitimacy was strengthened at home, it paved the way for freer
control in the international domain. By restoring discipline in
Russia’s foreign policymaking process, Putin strengthened his own
say in external matters. Hence, existence of a stable political context
has provided Putin with significant safety margin if and when things
go wrong in Russia’s external relations. Just as critically, it provides
the regime with the political space and latitude to pursue long term
strategic policies.
Use of Media
The Russian government believes it has the right to protect its
citizens across the world and its media trajectories work towards
promulgating this idea. Putin has intensively worked to improve the
media and communications field that presents a favorable view of his
country in the eyes of the domestic as well as international audience.
With regards to the domestic audience, Putin is largely seen to be
promulgating a particular view of the West that is confrontational in
nature. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) expansion
eastwards, the dual and hypocritical role‟ of the West are recurrent
themes in his public statements.
Putin’s, information campaign‟ steers public opinion about external
issues in his favour. Lack of knowledge on part of the public makes
it almost impossible for them to challenge him in his foreign policy
decisions.
Putin: The Face of Russia’s Foreign Policy
Russia’s current foreign policy is widely associated with the
personality of Putin. Whatever the formal institutions of Russia’s
national security and diplomatic decision-making machinery, Putin’s
word has been decisive on all issues that interest him. Time and
again, he has undertaken dramatic moves, never hesitating to go
against deeply entrenched institutional interests. 29 For example, he
supported America in their War against Terrorism by letting her
establish bases in post-Soviet Central Asia, despite differences and
opposition from Russia’s national security elites.
His words, tone, actions, demeanour and postures are as much
scrutinised as the actual content of his policies. He exudes an air of
importance that has uplifted Russia’s game in the international
domain. Policies during his time have strongly brought Russia back
into great power politics. Putin’s actions in Crimea and Georgia,
regaining influence in the neighbourhood, revising major agreements
of the 1990s with the West, Russia’s role in the Syrian crises, steady
expansion of ties with China, have all brought Russia back in the
Great Game.
Like any world leader, Putin absorbs information and takes advice
from a range of sources33, and the expanse of his foreign policy
6
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
agenda means that there are many issues which, even if he felt so
disposed, he could not possibly hope to cover alone. Putin is the ultimate
controller, he determines the country’s strategic direction, and involves
himself selectively in the management of high-profile issues.34 He
exerts influence on individual policies. In fact, there are certain policy
areas that he prioritizes and keeps a close eye on such as Ukraine,
Eurasian integration, Russia’s energy ties and handling of international
crises such as the Syrian conflict. Areas such as relationships with the
US, Europe, and China hold significant interest for Putin.
But like any good senior manager, he delegates. While keeping key
policy issue decision-making cards close to his chest, he assigns lesser
important issues and every day administration to others. Hence, it can be
concluded that the Putin’s systemic influence on Russia’s foreign policy
is not contestable. He is the face of Russia’s foreign policy. The
important thing to understand is the nature and character of this
influence; to understand the roots where his foreign policy is emanating
from; and to understand the influences that have shaped his foreign
policy choices.
Nature of Putin’s Influence
In order to understand the effect of Putin’s worldview on his policies, it
is first important to identify what it is. Towards this end, the Operational
Code Scheme is utilized. His public statements are taken from various
sources, such as, his public speeches, interviews and articles. For the
sake of this article, two variables from the Operational Code Framework
are traced in all the 25 public statements with respect to five actors.
Discussed below are the findings of this exercise:
United States of America
Out of the 16 times that United States was mentioned in the speeches, 12
times the US was referred as having a hostile posture against Russia and
the world in general. There were only four instances where he deemed
the US actions as cooperative and conciliatory. So if the balance of verbs
indicating hostility and friendliness of the US are calculated, it is seen
that, for the larger part, Putin’s political universe with respect to the
United States is hostile. He largely believes that the US posture towards
Russia is marked with distrust, non-cooperation and arrogance. As for
the second variable, image of self, for all the 16 times that he talked
about US, he declares himself and Russia as cooperative and
conciliatory. Putin portrays Russia as the friendlier of the two actors in
US-Russia relations and acts in a hostile or unfriendly manner only
when provoked or in retaliation. That is what Putin’s own references to
US-Russia issues revealed during this study.
It is equally important to substantiate these statistical figures by a
thematic discussion. More than once, he has talked about US hegemonic
ambitions and disregard for international law and the UN Charter. On
one occasion, he is quoted as saying that: ,We all know that after the end
of the Cold War, the world was left with one centre of dominance, and
those who found themselves at the top of the pyramid were tempted to
think that since they are so powerful and exceptional, they know best
what needs to be done and thus, they don’t need to reckon with the UN,
which, instead of rubberstamping decisions they need, often stands in
their way.,

Global Issues
He explains US antagonism by mentioning, in almost all instances
where he was asked about confrontation with the US, its ambitions to
develop Anti-Ballistic Missile System (ABMS) and their decision to
abandon the ABM treaty. On many instances, he lashed back at the
inquirer for suggesting Russia as the aggressor:
,Now, US bases are scattered around the globe – and you’re telling
me Russia is behaving aggressively? Do you have any common
sense at all? What are US armed forces doing in Europe, also with
tactical nuclear weapons? What are they doing there?,
Ukraine
Out of the 15 times that he mentioned Ukraine, in 12 instances he
views the Ukrainian authorities and their aiders as hostile and non-
cooperative and only twice does he talk about them being
cooperative. This clearly shows that his political universe regarding
Ukraine is hostile. As for the image of self, he views Russia’s
position to be conciliatory on 13 occasions and only declares Russian
stance as hostile twice. In totality, once again his self-image and that
of the Federation comes out as more cooperative than hostile.
With regards to Ukraine, he largely sees his government’s actions as
reactionary and as responses made in self-defense. On most
occasions, he is seen as declaring the annexation of Crimea, the will
of the people. He adheres that the entire process of the referendum
was peaceful and in line with international law - the right of self-
determination prevailed. On only two occasions is he seen as losing
his calm and declaring it to be a reactionary hostile action on
Russia’s part to protect its wider interests threatened by foreign
hands in Ukraine? For most part, he aims his displeasure at, foreign
hands‟ instigating Kiev authorities. He usually addresses the people
of Ukraine as brothers of Russia who are tricked and fooled by their
leaders and those who are instigating them.
NATO In all six times Putin mentions NATO in his speeches, he
views its actions towards Russia as antagonistic and hostile. In the
same breath, he displays Russia as the protagonist. NATO’s
expansion towards the East and its inclusion of Eastern European
states is portrayed as the biggest sin committed by NATO and is the
major reason why Putin views it as hostile. In his view, Sooner or
later, this logic of confrontation was bound to spark off a major
geopolitical crisis.‟ He asserts that the end of the Cold War brought
arrogance in the West:
,They decided they were the winners, they were an empire, while all
the others were their vassals, and they needed to put the squeeze on
them. This is the problem. They never stopped building walls,
despite all our attempts at working together without any dividing
lines in Europe and the world at large.,
Germany
Out of the four times Germany was mentioned in his speech, all four
times he views German actions towards Russia as cooperative. With
all his disagreements with NATO and EU, Putin is seen to place
Germany in the friendly domain. In all instances, he characterizes
Germany as a state which has disagreements with Russia but is
sincerely willing to work towards removing the contentions that exist
between both states, whether those are with reference to Ukraine or
with reference to economic relations. He specifically views German
Chancellor Angela Merkel in favourable light and views her as a
beacon of hope for good German-Russian relations. During one
instance, he is quoted as saying:
,I am certain that she is a very sincere person. There is a framework
within which she has to work but I have no doubt that she is sincere
in her efforts to find solutions, including to the situation in southeast
Ukraine.,
As for the image of self, he paints Russia’s efforts with regards to
Germany as cooperative. He is repeatedly seen as welcoming
cooperation on issues of mutual economic concern as well as finding
solutions to the Ukrainian crisis.
Turkey
Out of the nine times that Putin mentions Turkey, four times he
declares Turkish actions as hostile and five times as cooperative. His
view regarding Turkey’s position on Russia is massively affected by
7
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
the pre-and postSyrian crisis. Turkey is viewed as cooperative and
friendly before both countries‟ involvements in the Syrian crisis. In his
words:
,Due to the common efforts we took in recent years, our relations have
been developing constructively on the basis of mutual confidence, good
neighbourliness, equality and mutual respect of interests. Due to such
intensive multidimensional ties, Turkish–Russian relations remain
stable, not depending on the current situation and maintaining
continuity.,
However, deeper involvement of the two in the Syrian war culminated
in the downing of a Russian plane on November 24, 2015 by Turkey that
became the game changer in their relations. Putin viewed this Turkish
act as not only, unfriendly but a hostile act.
The image of self with respect to Turkey is also divided along these two
lines. Out of nine times, six times he declares his own position as
cooperative and three times he openly shows his hostility towards
Turkey. All six times he refers to Russia’s conciliatory position towards
Turkey before the plane incident. Open hostility was exhibited after the
incident took place by publicly giving out statements that condemned
the act in harsh words. Putin responded by calling Turkey’s actions a,
stab in [Russia’s] back, ‟and blamed the country for enabling ISIS’s,
barbarous, heinous ways‟ by allowing it to sell oil on Turkish territory.
Most ominously, he threatened, serious consequences‟ for relations
between Russia and Turkey, a NATO ally. Russia also displayed its
hostility by levying economic sanctions on Turkey. 42 He was
repeatedly seen as saying that Russia would do everything and anything
in its power to defend itself and also supported the sanctions as a
befitting response to Turkish hostility.
If all the five actors are taken in totality, it is seen that beneath Putin’s
policies and actions towards them lie a worldview that is dominated by
nationalistic values. He has an image of Russia wherein the country has
the same pomp and power as an epicenter of the global political arena
like it did during the Soviet era. In his words, anyone who does not
regret the collapse of the Soviet Union has no heart and anyone who
wants to see it in its former shape has no brain.‟ when it comes to Russia
and its interests, he is seen to be uncompromising. George W. Bush Jr.
said during the Slovenia Summit in 2001: ,I was able to get a sense of
his soul: a man deeply committed to his country and the best interests of
his country.,
This is in line with his view that Russia is a great power and must not be
disrespected, ignored or taken for granted. Implicit in his words is the
idea that Russia should not bow down on its values and principle stances
and should not be subjected to bullying or threats. Putin’s sense of
nationalism and patriotism is explained by Steven Myers, which he
explains in the impact which the fall of Soviet Union had on Putin, who
at that time was a KGB agent stationed in East Germany helplessly
witnessing the fall of the Berlin Wall. 46 According to Myers, the
experience of this watershed moment and blow to the integrity of the
state remained wedged in his mind and shaped his policies and decisions
after becoming the President of Russia. It convinced him that Russians
needed a strong leader, such as Ivan the Terrible or Stalin, rather than
Mikhail Gorbachev.
The strong adherence to nationalist tendencies is witnessed in his stance
on the Ukraine crisis. In the analysis of the authors, Putin considers it his
duty to protect and defend Russia’s counterparts in Ukraine, especially
in Crimea. He considers them and their contributions as a symbol of
Russia’s heritage and legacy. He is seen to exhibit a certain sense of
pride in the culture, arts, history and heritage and also shows great pride
in being the President of Russia. Especially, with regards to United
States, where Russian pride is seen to be most threatened, he takes up a
competitive stance. He advocates cooperation with the United States in
all fields but is not willing to act on their terms or in their image.48
Putin is aiming for a place for Russia where it is in a position to seek out
relations with other countries on the basis of equal footing keeping in
mind national interests. Given changing global power dynamics, he does
not see his country as the sole super power of the world, but wants other
countries to not undermine its interests and is especially unwilling to
take dictation from the United States.

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
Similarly, his policy towards Turkey also exhibits this very same
view. He levied sanctions on Turkey and bore the brunt of breaking
off mutually beneficial relations just to prove to the world that
Russia must not be taken lightly. Similarly, he is willing to accept
economic sanctions that were levied on Russia after its actions in
Ukraine. These sanctions have crippled Russia’s economy, but Putin
is unbending in his stance because doing so gives Russia an image of
a power that is not willing to tolerate meddling in its sphere of
influence as well as sending a message that it does not bow down to
patronization.
He is seen to hold a relatively softer image of European countries,
especially the Germans. Although the confrontation in Ukraine
directly impacts Russia’s relations with the EU, he is still seen to be
more flexible towards them. As analyzed by the authors, implicit in
his statements regarding Germany and EU is the idea that they are
being played up by the United States and if it is not for the US led
NATO expansions in the East, relations with western European
states could get better. He finds the US to be the bone of contention
in the larger European unity.
Therefore, to conclude Putin’s overall worldview, it can be said that
it generally holds a conciliatory view of Russia‟ actions in the post-
Soviet era but deems them to be largely compromising its integrity
and stature in the world. He wants Russia to be compliant of
international rules and laws working towards a more peaceful, stable
and just world. He is willing to work with both friends and foes but
not at the expense of Russia’s interests. As to his view of other
states, he largely asserts that they invoke Russia into taking a
confrontational stance. He is wary of the United States when it
challenges Russia’s power but is seen to welcome its partnership in
eradicating terrorism and world threats. That is the reason he is seen
as willing to work with them in instances like Syria but is seen to be
challenging them when it comes to bilateral exchanges and issues
like the NATO expansion and the ABM treaty. The contradictions in
his policy towards the US are seen where at one point in time he
. Putin’s policy in Crimea marks the beginning of a multipolar world.
54 Forbes nominated him as the world’s most powerful leader55 and
can easily serve as an apt example of a leader who has effectively
impacted and shaped international politics.
Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
Energy Crises
Although the government is attempting to add capacity to the grid in
order to remedy the persistent power shortage, these measures will
take time to come into effect.
The China Pakistan Economic Corridor is another way Pakistan
could turn towards cleaner forms of energy, as China is a world
leader in total wind and solar installed renewable energy, at about
140,000MW.
Will energy shortage be overcome?
Due to energy shortage, industrial and commercial entities have
installed back-up diesel generators, while households use battery-
powered Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) apparatus, often at
significantly higher costs.
Small and medium-sized industrial and commercial enterprises and
households which cannot afford these high-cost alternatives have
frequently been at the rough end of the stick.
Despite hydropower being the cheapest source of electricity for
Pakistan, the prohibitively high capital costs to supplement the
8
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
offers unflagging support to the US in the War against Terrorism and at
another point he blatantly adopts an antagonistic stance in his policy in
Crimea, Georgia and bilateral issues. This demonstrates that Putin does
not hold an inherent bias against the US or any other state for that
matter. For him, ensuring the Federation’s national interests and
integrity is the primary objective when dealing with other states - the
actor is irrelevant. In Myers view, Putin is a man swinging from crisis to
crisis with one goal - projecting strength and raising Russia’s game and
stature in the world.
Conclusion
Russia’s policies under Putin have been driven in a nationalistic
direction which has made him take certain policy actions (e.g. levying
sanctions on Turkey in 2015, bearing the brunt of sanctions by the West
after the annexation of Crimea in 2014) that may not make sense to a
pragmatic realist 51, but can be understood by those who share his sense
of nationalism. Despite adverse repercussions of his policies on the
strategic relationship Russia has had with Turkey and Ukraine, he still
enjoys popular rating at home. 52 Internationally, his policies have
successfully reasserted Russia as a great power and have helped push the
world towards multipolarity. In line with his nationalistic ideology, he
has been successful in carving out a relatively deserving place of Russia
in the world community that has not compromised the Federation’s
integrity or interests.
The Russian President’s impact on the international front is most evident
in his policies in Ukraine and Syria. In the latter, he became the game
changer by filling the vacuum left open by the US that shouted to the
world that Russia is no longer a regional power. The September 2015
military intervention by Russia on behalf of the Assad regime has made
it a central military actor in Syria’s war. America is only acting through
a coalition and not getting involved unilaterally. This gives Russia a
freer hand in the Syrian crisis and how it is shaped. In the former case,
Putin successfully sent a message to the world that Russia is a force to
be reckoned with and does not bend to bullying
existing hydro resources has distorted the hydro-thermal ratio in the
power generation mix and resulted in a significant increase in energy
cost.
In the absence of cutting edge technology and transmission network
challenges, the indigenisation cost of solar and wind-based power is
untenable.
Pakistan has also been looking forward to electricity imports from
central Asia to mitigate pressing power shortages.
Central Asia-South Asia Electricity Transmission and Trade Project
(CASA) through which Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan will supply 1,300MW
of electricity to Pakistan during the summer season, was formally
launched last May. The fragile security situation in Afghanistan has
already led to upward cost revisions in the project which will ultimately
have an impact on the final tariff.
However, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s plans — to add to the national
grid and overcome the acute electricity shortage by 2018 — have been
boosted by the large funding received under the China-Pakistan
Economic Corridor framework.

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
The project has essentially provided coal-based (especially Thar
coal) energy financing which Pakistan was seeking to replace costlier
generation. Reportedly, 19 energy projects valuing $34bn have been
identified as ‘early harvest’, prioritised by the CPEC Joint
Cooperation Committee.
Primarily coal-based power projects, with a cumulative capacity of
about 5,000MW, would be operational during 2018. The government
expects that this generation, added to the output from some other
non-CPEC projects, will all but overcome the envisaged 8,000MW
demand-supply gap.
There are apprehensions that major power projects may not come on
stream as per announced schedule due to a variety of factors
including technical, physical, and financial limitations.
There are also questions about how well the weak and unreliable
Transmission and Distribution (T&D) system will cope with this
new influx of energy and whether there is enough infrastructural
support to transmit it across the country.
Currently the system is barely able to cope with the existing power
generated. Transmission lines, cables and transformation copper
parts are dilapidated due to inadequate upgrading, repair and
maintenance; while most transformers are over-loaded with little or
no maintenance by the cash-strapped government-owned
distributors.
To improve system resilience, under the CPEC, an 878 kilometre
long 4,000MW transmission line is to be constructed for power
dispersal from south Pakistan to Lahore and Faisalabad in the North.
This key link in the transmission infrastructure is expected to be in
place by end-2018 at the earliest.
Power sector analysts, however, believe that the timelines of power
generation and transmission have not been coordinated effectively.
No new infrastructure initiative is planned to transmit power to
energy-starved Balochistan which currently does not have the
capacity to absorb energy beyond 500MW.
Also the government´s desperation to end power shortages has led to
investors being offered far too generous tariffs, saddling consumers
with some of the most expensive electricity in the region.
While new generation projects can help alleviate the physical
shortfall once completed, they have been negotiated without being
subjected to competition to provide electricity at an optimum cost.
The government has in fact offered up to 34.5pc annual return on
equity contributions under the CPEC and loans have been obtained at
6pc interest rate, excluding insurance cost.
9
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
The energy sector will continue to be a major focus in the lead-up to the
2018 elections since resolving this crisis figured prominently in PML-
N’s manifesto.
Due to almost 5pc greater electricity generation by independent power
producers (IPPs), the average duration of load-shedding in urban areas
has currently been reduced to 2-5 hours per day, as compared to the 6-10
hours when PML-N assumed control.
However, chunks of rural areas continue to remain off-grid and those
that are connected suffer through prolonged power outages.
The government is still looking for quick fixes to the mega crisis. Since
taking office, the government has repeatedly stated its intent to
overcome load shedding in time for the next poll, likely in May 2018.
However, the PM’s regular stock taking of the progress notwithstanding,
the inadequate and obsolete T&D network and partial progress in
addressing the deep structural issues casts a shadow over the viability of
the timeline.
There is growing anxiousness among PML-N leaders about the extent to
which the government will be able to tackle load shedding before they
hit the road for the general election campaign.
The government is low on credibility as regards its pronouncements
about solving energy constraints. Only one-fourth of the Public Sector
Development Program (PSDP) budget for water and power projects has
been released in the first eight months of the ongoing fiscal year.
The Thar coalfields were declared a ‘game changer’ last April with the
potential to generate 100,000MW of electricity. The same is true for the
liquefied natural gas (LNG) agreement with Qatar. The outcomes that
have followed have been decidedly modest and show the sheer opacity
under which the entire power sector operates.
Even information on the basic nature and intensity of the energy crisis as
shared by concerned authorities is often inconsistent. Transparency is
needed in every area of the sector so that a reliable picture can be built
of its state of affairs.
According to a Nationwide Public Opinion Poll, conducted last August
by the Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency
(PILDAT) on assessing citizens’ views on ‘quality of governance’ in
Pakistan, only 38pc of the respondents expressed satisfaction with the
performance of the federal government to improve the electricity
situation. A much higher proportion (58pc) believes that the present
government is unlikely to solve the energy crisis.
Solar, nuclear, hydel? Pakistan's best power solution is...?
To know our ‘best bet’ for power generation we can try and compare the
various energy source types on four key dimensions:

Pakistan’s Domestic
External Affairs
Affairs
 Capital cost (the cost to build)
 Time to build (opportunity cost of ‘no power’)
 Capacity factor (dependency or reliability)
 Levellised tariff (the cost to consumer)
Admittedly, there are other factors, both positive and negative, that
accompany these projects such as environmental impact (‘dirty’ coal
vs ‘green’ solar), displacement issues of local communities, safety
concerns (nuclear plants) etc. that can have serious long-term
economic implications.
However, in the absence of any reliable method to quantify, these
largely remain limited to opinions.
Hydel
Hydel power plants can be divided into two types based on their
nature: run-of-the-river type and reservoir type. The latter, as the
name suggests, involves building a water storage dam, which helps
in regulating the flow of water.
Besides power generation, these dams are also frequently used for
irrigation and flood-control purposes. These are mega structures and
require large amounts of money and time to build compared to run-
of-the-river hydel projects.
The 969MW Neelum Jhelum project, which is currently under-
construction, is an example of a run-of-the-river hydel plant. Having
gone through significant delays and substantial cost revisions
(typical for almost all public-funded large-scale projects), it is
expected to get operational in early 2017. By that time, the project
would have consumed $4.1bn in cost ($4.23mn/MW) and about
eight years in construction. The plant will have an annual capacity
factor of 61pc and a tariff of around 11 cents/unit (estimated).
Solar
Zoenergy, a Chinese company, is setting up a 900MWp solar plant at
Quaid-i-Azam Solar Park (QASP). By the time it completes
(expected end of 2016), the QASP, with a combined capacity of
1000MWp, will become the largest solar power plant in the world.
The total project cost is expected to be $1.5bn ($1.73mn/MW) and
comes with a tariff of 14.15 cents.
At a capacity factor of 17.5pc, the total plant setup time will be
staggered over 18 months, making it the quickest among all power
projects.
Wind
AEDB estimates a wind energy potential of 60,000MW electricity
from the Gharo-Keti Bandar wind corridor. A number of 50MW
wind farms are under-construction and are expected to commence
commercial operations in 2016 and 2017.
An advantage of wind power over solar is the former’s high capacity
factor of 35pc (almost twice that of solar). In terms of similarities,
just like solar, wind power projects come with large price tags.
The under-construction 99MW United Energy wind farm at Jhimpir
has a total project cost of $261.5mn ($2.64mn/MW) and a
construction period of 18 months (due June 2016). Operating at a
capacity factor of 35pc, it will sell electricity to the grid at a
levellised tariff of 13.52 cents/unit.
Nuclear
Nuclear energy remains one of the cheapest (and most controversial)
sources of energy. Incidents like Fokoshima and Chernobyl are
destined to remain grim reminders of the inherent danger nuclear
energy can possess. Two 1100MW (2 x 1100) nuclear power plants,
KANUPP-2 and KANNUP-3, based on Chinese technology, are
being set up in Karachi.
The KANUPP-2 project, due for completion in early 2019, is
estimated to have a capital cost of staggering $4.7bn ($4.3mn/MW).
At a capacity factor of 90pc, the project's levellised cost of energy
will be in around 9.59 cents per unit.
10
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
Leaving aside the safety and geo-political issues inherent with nuclear
plants, the cost (both in terms of capital cost and tariff) remains on the
higher side. The biggest benefit of such plants comes in the form of high
availability/capacity factor (around 90pc) which makes them quite
reliable in terms of regular supply.
Coal
Coal remains the largest and the cheapest source of energy in the world
today. US generated 39pc of its electricity through coal in 2014. Its
contribution to the country’s total power generation is 74pc in China
(2014) and 66pc in India (2014). And while environmental
considerations are forcing the developed world to move away from coal,
it is expected to remain a dominant energy source for the foreseeable
future.
The contribution of coal in Pakistan’s energy mix is close to zero.
This situation, for a country, that has one of the largest, albeit low
quality, reserves of coal remains counter-intuitive. There is little to
suggest that this aversion to coal was driven by carbon emissions, rather
had more to do with government policies which chose to rely on furnace
oil and gas-based power generation.
Presently, a number of coal-based power plants, based on local and
imported coal, are under various stages of development in the country.
A 1,320MW plant is being built (due for COD in December 2017) in
Sahiwal that will employ imported coal for power generation. Given the
different technology and fuel types, their costs can vary. The Sahiwal
plant will take about $1.81bn over 36 months to set up and will have a
levellised tariff of 8.36 cents. It will operate with a capacity factor of
85pc.
RLNG
At the current international oil and gas prices, gas/LNG fueled plants
offer the cheapest source of electricity among all thermal fuels.
The recently inaugurated 1320MW RLNG-fueled combined-cycle plant
at Jhang carries the smallest capex ticket $0.5mn/MW (total cost of
$539mn), making it the cheapest among all power projects. Moreover, it
will not only take less time to setup, it offers an extremely cost-effective
tariff of 7.5 cents (estimated at current LNG prices).
Meanwhile, being a thermal plant means it comes with high capacity
factors.
And the winner is...
By now it should be evident that there is no ‘best’ source of energy.
Hydel is cheap but takes way too long to setup. Solar/wind gets ramped
up quickly but remains intermittent. Thermal (coal/gas) is cheaper but
causes import dependence and remains exposed to international supply
shocks. Nuclear is expensive but doesn’t have intermittence issues.
So then what’s the solution?
Answer: A balanced mix. We need all of them.
No single source can be relied upon to take care of all our energy needs.
Hydel energy remains a sustainable long-term solution. Yet in that 7-10
year window of construction time, we need cheap thermals to provide us
reliability, solar/wind energy to shield us from exposure to imported
fuels and safe nuclear to generate cheap electricity.
It is imperative for our policy makers and energy managers to have a
clear understanding of these inherent energy source characteristics so
that their decisions balance the often conflicting needs of generating
cheaper, quicker and reliable/regular electricity for the national grid.
So next time when there comes a situation, and there come many, when
sun over Bahawalpur gets a cloud cover, the wind speed at Gharo
/Jhimpir goes down and water flow at Neelum river gets hindered, tell
your “green energy buffs” to expect a system-wide black out. ( Source :
Dawn news)
 11

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017

How Pakistan's Panama Papers probe unfolded

Plot twists, accusations and 25,000 pages of evidence — a snapshot of the case that resulted in the formation of a JIT
 12

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017

April 3, 2016 took over the foundry in Lahore, and hence our assets were lost in mere
Panama Papers leaked; Sharif family under spotlight moments," Mr Sharif confesses.
"My family was not involved in politics till much later, as such, even
The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) before I got into politics, we were an established industrial family," he
makes 11.5 million secret documents available to the public for the explained.
very first time. The documents, coming from Panamanian law firm The prime minister goes on to speak about how his father established an
Mossack Fonseca, contain confidential attorney-client information industrial plant in Makkah, following the military coup in 1999. The
for more than 214,488 offshore
entities.
Eight off-shore companies
were reported to have links with the
family of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
and his brother, Chief Minister of
Punjab, Shahbaz Sharif.
According to documents available on
the ICIJ website, the prime minister's
children Maryam, Hassan and Hussain
“were owners or had the right to
authorise transactions for several
companies”.
The leaks breathe a new life into
allegations of corruption that the
Sharif family has long been haunted
by.
At the forefront of the battle is
Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf, lead by its
chairman Imran Khan.

April 4, 2016
'The leaks are God sent' says Imran
Khan
PTI Chairman Imran Khan and his
party aides consolidate their position
on corruption allegations against the
prime minister, demanding immediate
action by the government to respond to
the allegations.
This marks the beginning of what will
be nearly a year long effort to resolve
the Panama Papers case, also dubbed
'Panamgate' in the local media.
Later that afternoon, Maryam Nawaz tweets what appears to be a plant, he says, was "later sold, and my sons invested the funds into their
statement from the Sharif family spokesman. They are calling the businesses."
revelations made under the Panama Papers leaks, a "distortion of Denying the legitimacy of allegations targeting his family and himself,
information". the prime minister assures the country he is open to legal scrutiny.
The statement goes on to clarify that "Maryam Nawaz is not a
beneficiary or owner of any of the companies" named in the leaked
documents. April 10, 2016
April 5, 2016 Khan wants CJP to head commission
Under-pressure Sharif announces probe Khan wants the government to promptly form an inquiry commission
Realising that silence may deepen the crisis, Sharif takes to the led by the serving Chief Justice of Pakistan, Anwar Zaheer Jamali. To
Pakistan Television (PTV) headquarters to address the nation and the contrary, the government is keen on having ex-Supreme Court
clear the air. The prime minister begins his speech with a subtle judges populate the bench.
acknowledgment of the fact that he is using state apparatus to
address a personal matter.
Visibly perturbed, Sharif April 13, 2016
says he is open to the Five ex-SC judges refuse to lead inquiry
formation of a judicial Still in its infancy, 'panamagate' begins to ingress into the judicial
commission to probe his sphere, albeit turbulently. Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar Ali
family's alleged finances in Khan reveals that the ex-Supreme Court judges contacted by the
offshore tax-havens. government to head the inquiry commission have turned down the offer.
He explains how his family Nisar regrets: “All of these judges after taking the time to think over the
business was ruined by the matter refused to lead the commission without giving any reasons."
party of the Bhuttos from
the 70s to the 90 and then
was slowly built up again.
"On Jan 2, 1972, Bhutto

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
April 14, 2016
Frail, Sharif in London for check-up
Nawaz Sharif's mother wishes him before he departs for London —
Dawn
Despite mounting criticism from local press and political parties,
Sharif takes off for London citing a medical check up as the reason
for this five-day tour.
A PML-N source reveals: “The prime minister was looking quite
weak when he visited the Planning and Development Ministry a few
days ago and the disclosures of his sons’ involvement in offshore
business definitely had its political and health costs.”
The office bearer adds that apparently due to a mistake by surgeons
during a previous medical procedure in London, Mr Sharif had bled
profusely. He recovered, but not completely, and was advised to take
breaks from his engagements for further treatment.
April 16, 2016
PML-N proposes ToRs
A government team headed by Finance Minister Ishaq Dar finalises
the terms of reference (ToRs) for the proposed inquiry commission
being formed to investigate the Panama Papers leaks.
The ToRs are meant to define a scope within which the investigation
would take place. Understandably, this is going to be a matter of
contention.
Mainly the government's ToRs looked at empowering the proposed
judicial commission to look into the following points:
 To examine information relating to involvement of Pakistani
citizens, persons of Pakistan origin and legal entities in off-
shore companies in Panama or in any other country.
 Involvement of former and present holders of public office in
writing off their own bank loans or those of their immediate
family members through political influence.
 Transfer from Pakistan of funds which have originated from
corruption, commissions or kickbacks, and to determine
whether, in any case referred to above, any law for the time
being in force in Pakistan has been infringed.
Maryam Nawaz expresses annoyance on PML-N's response not
being "robust" enough. The meeting also reportedly resolved that: “If
at all the commission is formed it will be the one headed by a retired
judge of the Supreme Court as announced by the prime minister in
his address to the nation.”
Despite having been rejected by five ex-SC judges, the Muslim
League leadership is still adamant to see a retired judge of the
Supreme Court heading the commission. Rumour has it; retired
judge Sarmad Jalal Osmany has accepted the responsibility to lead
the probe.
The opposition parties, however, are still unclear on how best to go
about the probe.
April 19, 2016
Sharif returns to Pakistan
Amidst political turbulence, Sharif returns to Pakistan, eyeing a
difficult job ahead of him.
April 22, 2016
'Will resign if proven guilty,' Sharif in second state address
In yet another address to the nation, Sharif announces that his
government has decided to formally ask then Chief Justice of
Pakistan to set up a judicial commission for investigations into
Panama Papers leak.
"I challenge all those who allege tax fraud to come forward and
present evidence. If charges are proved against me, I will resign
immediately," vowed Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
13
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
Sharif appears visibly piqued and spares no one while targeting his
political opponents; the ‘hostile’ media, the regime of Gen Pervez
Musharraf and his allies. He reserves the bulk of his criticism for Imran
Khan.
April 25, 2016
Opposition rejects govt ToRs
Rejecting the inquiry commission proposed by the government, leaders
from the PTI, PPP, MQM, PML-Q demand the ToRs of any such
commission be drafted in consultation with the opposition.
May 1, 2016
Bilawal asks Sharif to step down
— Feica/Dawn
Coming out strongly against the government, PPP chairperson Bilawal
Bhutto-Zardari calls on Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to step down, until
an inquiry into the money laundering allegations levelled at his family
are completed.
“As long as the investigations into the Panama leaks are ongoing, you
should resign. You can resume [office] when you are absolved of the
charges,” he said, reminding Mr Sharif of advice he had imparted for the
former prime minister Yousuf Raza Gilani when the latter was facing
multiple charges in court.
May 3, 2016
Opposition presents ToRs
After a joint meeting between opposition parties, a set of ToRs have
been presented to the government and the media. The ToRs emphasise
on initiating the inquiry into off-shore holdings, starting with the Sharif
family.
Among other points, the ToRs enlist the following:
 Whether a respondent, by concealing the ownership and source of
income through which the properties were purchased has
committed corrupt and illegal practices under the elections/tax
laws.
 A special law titled “Panama Papers (inquiry and Trial) Act
2016” should be passed to facilitate the investigation into the
assets, both foreign and domestic, of the prime minister. The law
shall be formed with the consensus of the opposition parties.
 A special commission should be formed, headed by Chief Justice
and comprising two other SC judges nominated by him.
 The procedure of the inquiry shall be fully inquisitorial in
character The commission should complete its inquiry in relation
to the prime minister and his family in three months.
 14

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017

“We have rejected the prime minister’s speech and the chief justice has
already rejected the ToRs prepared by the government. So we will see
May 5, 2016 where do we go from here,” he adds.
Govt rejects opposition's ToRs
Rejecting the opposition’s draft of the ToRs for a judicial probe,
the government indicated it was willing to sit with the opposition and
to come up with ToRs that were focused on eliminating corruption
and did not target the prime minister personally.
“The opposition wants the prime minister in the dock, without
touching other politicians whose children also run offshore
companies,” said Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan, alleging that the
opposition was not serious about holding an inquiry and only wanted
to achieve their political goals by simply levelling allegations.

May 10, 2016

Raheel Sharif urges PM to resolve the Panama issue
Gen Sharif, according to a well-placed government
source, conveyed a pointed message to the prime minister in a one-
on-one meeting.
The army chief’s view was that the protracted controversy over
Panama Papers investigation was affecting governance and national
security and, therefore, the issue needed to be urgently brought to a
close. May 18, 2016
Consensus to form ToR committee
After much back and forth, the federal government and opposition have
May 13, 2016 agreed to form a 12-member committee in order to draft joint ToRs for
Supreme Court rejects inquiry commission an inquiry commission, which would probe the Panama Papers.
The Panamagate controversy takes a new turn as the Supreme Court After a meeting with opposition members, information minister Pervaiz
returns the federal government’s request to appoint an inquiry Rasheed said that government and opposition will name six legislators
commission to investigate the leaked document's connection with the each to form the parliamentary committee.
Sharif family.
“Formation of commission of inquiry under the Pakistan
Commission of Inquiry Act 1956 (Act VI of 1956), looking to its May 22, 2016
limited scope, will result in the constitution of a toothless Nawaz flies to London for heart surgery
commission, which will serve no useful purpose, except giving bad Maryam Nawaz says cardiologists and surgeons carried out tests,
name to it,” says a communication sent to the law secretary by following which they decided to go for an open heart surgery. The
Supreme Court registrar Arbab Mohammad Arif. surgery will be performed on May 31, and opposition party leaders –
including
The letter also observes that the ToRs of the proposed commission Imran Khan
are so “wide and open” that “it may take years” for the commission and Bilawal
to conclude proceedings. Bhutto –
tweet their
best wishes to
May 16, 2016 Sharif. Indian
Sharif explains himself in landmark speech Prime
The prime minister suggests the formation of a joint committee to Minister
draft the ToRs, which will establish the judicial commission he Narendra
referred to in his first state address on the Panama Papers allegations. Modi also
tweets good
In this speech, Sharif attempts to explain the ownership of his luck to
London Park Lane flats. Astonishingly, there is no mention of Qatari Sharif.
Prince Jassim. Maryam dubs
The money used to purchase flats in London, he says, was linked to the
properties the Sharif family sold off in Pakistan decades ago. surgery succe
'Prime minister lied on the floor,' Shah accuses Sharif ssful and
After the session, PTI says Sharif has mislead the assembly. “The thanks
prime minister lied on the floor of the house,” says PTI leader Shah everyone for
Mahmood Qureshi. their prayers
and good
wishes.
positions on the issue of offshore companies but are also accusing each
other of toughening their stance.
June 4, 2016 The opposition insists on starting the Panamagate probe from Sharif and
The ToR stalemate his three children, whereas the government side wants to enact a law that
The 12-member bipartisan parliamentary committee seems to have would extend the scope of investigations but would not make any
hit a dead end as both sides are not only refusing to budge from their reference to the premier.

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
Opposition parties later in the month say they will take to the streets
if the government doesn’t review its position on the ToRs.
June 24, 2016
PTI files petition with ECP against Sharif
PTI files a reference with the Election Commission of Pakistan
(ECP) seeking disqualification of Sharif for allegedly concealing his
assets.
Three days later, PPP also petitions the ECP to disqualify the prime
minister and his family members. “The prime minister is not sadiq
and ameen anymore and, therefore, is not eligible to hold a seat in
the National Assembly,” says the petition, which also contains
charges of money laundering, tax evasion and concealment of assets.
July 9, 2016
48 days later, Nawaz returns to Pakistan
Sharif returns home from London, kicking off discussions among
analysts about what he should now do to secure his future as the
chief executive of the country.
Nawaz Sharif is received at the airport. — Screen grab DawnNews
Upon his arrival in Lahore, the prime minister appears relaxed and
lighter in weight than when he had left a month and a half ago.
The prime minister’s arrival also fuels discussions such as the one
during which Mr Sharif had repeatedly been told about the need for
having some formal deputies in place, minding the party and the
government on his behalf, should the need arise.
July 12, 2016
PM advised to get tough with PTI
— Zahoor/Dawn
As he returns to work and is updated on the economic, security and
political situation, Sharif is also determined to devise a plan to
counter the PTI chief’s ‘propaganda’.
Khan had recently declared that he was now ready “to play the final
round of matches” against the ruling party.
At the meetings in Raiwind, the prime minister is quoted as asking
his advisers to prepare the ground for “multiple strategies” against
opposition parties.
A PML-N politician from Lahore remarks that “the prime minister’s
body language is that of a leader determined to stand firm against his
opponents. He is in no mood to show leniency,” he says.
15
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
July 20, 2016
'No more negotiations,' says opposition
The opposition has decided not to negotiate anymore with the
government over the ToR issue.
PTI had invited opposition parties to plot their future course of action
after the government refused to accept their ToRs for a Panama specific
probe.
Rather than adopting a hard-hitting stance against the government,
opposition parties agreed to use their presence in the national and
provincial assemblies to remind Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif of his
promise to hold a free and fair investigation into the Panamagate
scandal.
August 3, 2016
Imran lashes out
Mr Khan regrets that four months had passed since the Panamagate
made headlines, but not a single institution had moved or served notice
on those whose names had appeared in the Panama Papers for allegedly
committing money laundering and tax evasion.
In the run-up to the ‘movement for accountability’, PTI starts building
pressure on the state institutions he believes are responsible for election
rigging and rampant corruption in the country.
August 24, 2016
JI files 'frivolous' Panama petition in SC
JI chief presents a copy of their petition to the media — Dawn
Jamaat-i-Islami (JI) Emir Sirajul Haq filed his party’s long-awaited
petition on the Panama Papers leaks in the Supreme Court.
The petition doesn’t name Nawaz Sharif directly. PTI is expected to file
a similar petition next week.
Four days later, the apex court returns the petition, terming it ‘frivolous’.
“This petition prima facie appears to be a frivolous petition within the
contemplation of Order XVII Rule 5 of the Supreme Court Rules 1980,”
says an order issued by the registrar office.
August 29, 2016
Seeking PM’s disqualification, PTI files petition with SC
Article 62, 63 of the constitution demand that parliamentarians be
'truthful' and 'honest'. — Zahoor/Dawn
The PTI files a petition with the Supreme Court seeking disqualification
of prime minister Sharif from his office as well as the National
Assembly.
The petition was filed by PTI’s counsel Naeem Bukhari on behalf of
party chairman Imran Khan. It has been filed against 10 respondents,
which include Nawaz Sharif, his daughter, sons and government
institutions.
 16

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017

Bukhari told reporters that their petition is based on the prime

October 7, 2016
Khan’s next plan: Islamabad lockdown

— Sabir Nazar/Herald.
PTI chairman Imran Khan calls on party workers to lay siege to
Islamabad on Oct 30, telling them to paralyse the capital until Sharif

minister’s May 16 speech delivered on the floor of the National

Assembly.
"A statement delivered on the floor of an assembly possesses

resigns or presents himself for accountability.

October 10, 2016

Imran asks court for early hearing
In a bid to increase pressure on the government, the PTI has asked the
Supreme Court to hold an early hearing of its petition seeking to
disqualify Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, his son-in-law retired Capt
Mohammad Safdar and Finance Minister Ishaq Dar for their alleged
involvement in the Panamagate scandal.

prestige," he said, adding that were a lot of contradictions between

the facts and the claims made by Nawaz.

September 25, 2016

Imran urges followers to put up 'country's biggest ever
demonstration'
Khan appeals to people to fully participate in his party’s September
30 march to Raiwind in order to put pressure on state institutions
which, according to him, are not working judiciously on the Panama
Papers issue.

September 30, 2016

PTI protests outside Sharif residence, demands Nawaz's
resignation

PTI supporters sit on the road to listen to Imran Khan's speech at

Raiwind — White Star
Doubling the political pressure on Nawaz Sharif, the PTI leadership
decides to invite its workers to stage a sit-in outside the residence of
Nawaz Sharif.
On their call, several thousand supporters of the PTI from different
parts of the country reach Raiwind Road to participate in the
“accountability movement” seen by many as a “do-or-die” act of
Imran Khan.
 17

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017

October 20, 2016 Khan rails against Sharif; government stands its ground.
SC accepts petitions
The Supreme Court of Pakistan started accepting petitions filed by
Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaaf, Jamhoori Watan Party, Jamaat-i-Islami November 1, 2016
and others to begin the proceedings. "I welcome the judicial
proceedings in connection with Panama Papers," said Prime Minister First hearing: SC asks for ToRs, PTI calls off lockdown
Nawaz Sharif in reply. It was win-win for all sides when the SC asked the government and the
In a statement issued after consultation with his legal team, he said, protesting PTI to present their respective ToRs, in case the court decided
"The court of public opinion has been making decisions, it would be to constitute an inquiry commission on Panamagate.
better to wait for the judiciary's decision."
The order allowed Imran Khan to save face and call off his plan to lock
down the capital, while Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif accepted the
October 28, 2016 formation of a judicial commission to investigate the Panama Papers
SC forms a larger bench to formally initiate proceedings scam, which has
been a bone of
contention
between the two
parties since the
scandal broke in
April 2016.
The apex court
had, on May 13,
declined to
accept the
federal
government’s plea to appoint a commission of inquiry to probe the
Panamagate scandal.

November 2, 2016
PTI holds 'thanksgiving' rally

The SC has formed a larger five-bench to hear petitions regarding

Panama. Earlier, a three member bench accepted petitions filed by
PTI and Sheikh Rashid, asking for the Prime Minister's
disqualification.

October 31, 2016

Imran's lockdown threat inches closer to reality
Khan calls on supporters to gather in capital, but the numbers aren’t
impressive. The government places shipping containers to block off
routes from Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa into Islamabad.
November 7, 2016
Sharif children submit replies to SC

A caricature of Hussain Nawaz — Sabir Nazar/Herald.

The Sharif children's counsel, Salman Aslam Butt, informed the bench
that Hassan Nawaz has been running a business lawfully for the last 22
years and Hussain for 16 years.
He added that Maryam Nawaz is not dependent on the prime minister.
Denying allegations levelled in the petitions, Maryam said she is not the
beneficiary owner of off shore companies, Nielsen and Nescoll, but only
a trustee.

November 14, 2016

'Good for selling Pakoras': PTI submits evidence
The PTI and the AML chief are two of the four parties who have
submitted their documents. Analysing the evidence will be a five-judge
Supreme Court bench, headed by Chief Justice Anwar Zaheer Jamali.
The court is currently considering whether or not to appoint a judicial
commission to probe the Panamagate scandal.
The big question: how did Nawaz Sharif's children pay for their London
properties?

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
The Supreme Court questioned the quality of the evidence presented
by PTI and deplored that their 680-page submission had almost
nothing to do with the Sharif family’s London properties.
Pointing at PTI’s counsel Hamid Khan, Justice Sheikh Azmat Saeed
observed that it seemed as if the petitioners were trying to bury the
truth under their evidence that consisted mostly of newspaper
clippings, which were only good for selling pakoras the day after
publication.
Prince Jassim of Qatar presents a
different story
Prince Jassim — Reuters
Like a rabbit out of a hat, PML-N
counsel Mohammad Akram Sheikh
pulls out a document dated Nov 5,
2016 — marked private, confidential
and not to be disclosed to any party,
except for the benefit of the courts of
Pakistan — on the letterhead of
Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jaber Al
Thani, who ruled Qatar from 2007 to
2013.
The letter states that Hamad’s father
— Jassim bin Jabr Al Thani — had
“longstanding business relations
with Mian Mohammad Sharif” —
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s father — “which were coordinated
through my eldest brother”.
In the year 1980, “Mian Sharif expressed his desire to invest a
certain amount of money in the real estate business of Al Thani
family in Qatar,” the document says.
The Supreme Court is not pleased to hear yet another explanation for
how the Sharif family paid for its London properties, observing that
both sides were doing their best to ensure that the court would
eventually have to form a commission to decide the Panamagate
case.
“This document has completely changed the public stand of the
prime minister,” Justice Asif Saeed Khosa observed after the Sharif
children’s newly-engaged counsel, Mohammad Akram Sheikh,
presented before the court an attested letter from a former Qatari
prime minister.
November 30, 2016
'Shahbaz forged signatures'
PTI's lead counsel in the Panamagate case Naeem Bukhari, before
the Supreme Court, alleged that Punjab Chief Minister Shahbaz
Sharif had forged his cousin Tariq Shafi's signatures on documents.
Addressing a five-judge bench, Bukhari said, "I dont want to say that
Shahbaz Sharif forged Tariq Shafi's signature but there is a
difference in the signatures on the affidavit and the contract."
During the hearing, the judges also discussed the evidence presented
by Bukhari gathered from news sources.
The court observed, "If we make a judgement on the basis of news
sources, then the PTI should also be worried."
December 9, 2016
CJ Jamali's retirement halts proceedings
Proceedings in the case have ended today as Chief Justice Zaheer
Jamali is scheduled to retire. The Supreme Court said that arguments
from both sides would commence afresh when hearings resume in
January.
A five-judge larger bench headed by Justice Asif Saeed Khosa has
been constituted by the Supreme Court to resume hearing of the
Panama Papers case from January 4, 2017.
December 31, 2016
18
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
Flipping through lawyers; PM's children change counsel again
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and his children submitted documents in
the Supreme Court notifying a change of counsel in the Panamagate
case.
According to the documents, Advocate Makhdoom Ali Khan will now
represent Nawaz Sharif in court instead of Salman Aslam Butt.
Hassan and Hussain Nawaz will be represented by Salman Akram Raja,
while Maryam Nawaz will be represented by Shahid Hamid.
January 4, 2017
New bench resumes hearing
The hearing of the Panamagate case resumed on Thursday where the
five member bench, headed by Justice Asif Saeed Khosa, was appraised
about details of the offices held by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif during
his political career.
Naeem Bukhari, who represents PTI’s chief Imran Khan sought court’s
permission to refer to a number of interviews of the Prime Minister, his
spouse and children at different point of time to highlight that every one
of them took a divergent stand about the ownership of the London
properties.
Bukhari cited an April 10, 2000, interview of Begum Kalsoom Nawaz
by Rory McCarthy of The Guardian in which she conceded that London
flats were bought because her son was studying.
At this, Justice Saeed again cautioned the counsel that he was entering
into a dangerous territory, adding that if "we start hanging people on
television interviews or news paper clippings then your client will not
survive either."
January 6, 2017
Burden of proof becomes a sticking point
Members of the Supreme Court bench hearing the Panamagate case
expressed divergent opinions over which side shouldered the burden of
proof.
While Justice Asif Saeed Khosa — who heads the five-judge bench —
placed the burden of proof on Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s family,
Justice Azmat and Justice Ejaz, differed.
January 12, 2017
'Two different money trails' puzzle the bench
The prime minister's counsel is quizzed about a money trail for the
London flats and is asked to prove there were no inconsistencies in the
prime minister's speech in the National Assembly last year.
"There are two different money trails before us. How did the money go
from Jeddah and then to London? And how did the money go from
Dubai to London and then Qatar?" the judge asked.
January 13, 2017
Sharif family's flats purchased in 1990s, BBC report reveals
Properties owned by the Sharif family in London’s upscale Park Lane
neighbourhood were purchased in the 1990s and there has been no
change of ownership since then, BBC Urdu has reported.
According to official documents available with BBC Urdu, the four flats
were purchased in the name of the Nielsen and Nescoll companies.
According to the documents, an official record of companies doing
business in the United Kingdom reveals that when Hassan Nawaz
established Flagship Investment Ltd in 2001, the address he provided at
the time of registration of the company was that of his Park Lane
apartment.
Hussain had said: "The Park Lane apartments in London are ours, two
offshore companies, Nielsen and Nescoll, own these flats and I am the
beneficial owner of these companies, working under a trust held by my
sister Maryam Nawaz Sharif."

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
January 17, 2017
Maryam submits reply
A caricature of Maryam Nawaz — Sabir Nazar/Herald.
The prime minister's daughter Maryam Nawaz Sharif submitted her
reply to the court.
In her reply, she maintained that she was not her father's dependent
after her marriage in 1992 to Captain Safdar, and that she lived with
her husband after her wedding.
January 23, 2017
12German daily tweets trouble for Maryam
German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung on Monday tweeted
documents to 'help' Pakistanis form their own opinion on the role of
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's daughter in Panamagate.
“For those in Pakistan who doubt the role of the prime minister’s
daughter Mariam Safdar in Panama Papers – some of the documents.
Judge yourself,” Süddeutsche Zeitung tweeted, along with
attachments purporting to show her involvement with Minerva
Financial Services. Maryam Safdar is her legal name after marriage.
January 26, 2017
Second letter from Qatari royal
A second letter is floated by Hussain Nawaz's counsel, 'clarifying'
Sharif’s investment in Gulf Steel Mills. The letter is accompanied by
transaction details and auditor's reports regarding the Gulf Steel
Mills in Dubai and the Azizia Steel Mills in Jeddah.
"The investment was made by way of provision of cash which was
common practice in the Gulf region at the time of the investment. It
was also, given the longstanding relationship between my father and
Mr Sharif, a customary way for them to do business between
themselves," the letter states.
"At the end of 2005, after receiving all accruals and other
distributions made over the term of the investment, it was agreed that
an amount of approx $8,000,000 was due to Mr Sharif. The amount
due to him was settled in 2006," the letter explains, "by way of the
delivery to Mr Hussain Nawaz Sharif's representative of bearer
shares of Nescoll Ltd and Nielsen Enterprises Ltd, which had been
kept during that time in Qatar."
19
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
January 27, 2017
SC orders NAB to submit Hudaibiya reference record on Dar's
'confession'
As part of the Pnamagate case hearing, Finance Minister Ishaq Dar's
lawyer Shahid Hamid addressed allegations against his client pertaining
to the Hudaibiya Paper Mills default reference investigated by NAB.
Hamid read from Dar's confessional statement in court: "After the
military coup, I was first kept under house arrest then was offered a
position in that government in exchange for cooperation. I was made to
sign a pre-written statement and then was arrested again."
"The army kept me captive till 2001, after which I told Rauf Klasra
everything in a detailed interview and denied the statement that I was
made to sign at the time," he finished.
January 31, 2017
Supreme Court concerned over NAB, Qatari letters
As the Pamanagate case hearing resumed, NAB Prosecutor General
Waqas Qadeer Dar was called once again to the stand and questioned
why the ruling in the Hudaibiya Paper Mills case was not appealed.
During the hearing, the five-judge bench also questioned the absence of
any mention of the Qatari investments in Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's
speech in the National Assembly and in Tariq Shafi's affidavit presented
to the apex court.
"We were told that all evidence had been made available, and that
perhaps it was we who were unable to see it in its entirety," Justice Asif
Saeed Khosa said in stern admonishment to Akram.
February 15, 2017
The Panama 'onion': PTI presents 'new evidence'
The bench had postponed day-to-day proceedings after Justice Saeed
had to be rushed to the Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology following
chest pains on Jan 31.
“We are submitting three more documents — one from PTI chairman
Imran Khan that authenticates all previous documents presented by the
party, the expert opinion of UK-based lawyers and a document that
proves that Maryam Nawaz is the owner of UK-based firms Minerva,
Nielson and Nescoll,” PTI spokesman Fawad Chaudhry told a press
conference.
“Where is the actual document to show that Hussain Nawaz, the elder
son of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, is the owner of the four London
flats?” asked Justice Sheikh Azmat Saeed, a member of the five-judge
Supreme Court bench who rejoined proceedings after recovering from a
cardiac ailment.
— Zahoor/Dawn

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
Denying allegations levelled in the petitions, Maryam said she is not
the beneficiary owner of off shore companies, Nielsen and Nescoll,
but only a trustee.
The prime minister's counsel argued that the petitioners had failed to
link Nawaz Sharif to any wrongdoing, nor found any culpability.
They positioned themselves arguing that since no serious charge has
yet been established against the prime minister except general
allegations, there is no possibility of holding his children accountable
for the allegations levelled by petitioners.
Justice Ejaz Afzal Khan regretted that the court was getting bogged
down, describing the case as an onion, that yielded a new surprise
every day.
“Every day, new documents and new queries are coming up. How
shall we sum it all up?” the judge observed.
February 16, 2017
Surprise: Maryam trustee of London flats for six months, admits
Maryam's lawyer
The lawyer for Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s sons sprang a new
surprise before the Supreme Court by claiming that the bearer share
February 20, 2017
Record of Hudaibiya, Raiwind references submitted to SC
Today, NAB furnished the Supreme Court with records of two
corruption references filed against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and
other members of his family over a decade ago.
One deals with the Hudaibiya Paper Mills scam, while the other
related to the illegal construction of the Sharif family’s Raiwind
Estate.
February 22, 2017
'If a story has been made up, you should stick to it'
The Attorney General of Pakistan (AG) told the bench that the case
record in the Hudaibiya reference had been examined and that the
company had obtained loans through foreign currency accounts.
At this, Justice Saeed expressed the bench's frustration by saying that
the lawyers were issuing different statements each time, which was
confusing the bench.
"The court was told that investments had been made in the Qatari
[royal family's] businesses. There was no mention of foreign
currency accounts in the repayment of loans."
20
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
certificates of the four London flats remained in the custody of Maryam
Nawaz — the prime minister’s daughter — between February and July
2006.
Salman Akram Raja told the court that a trust deed was executed
between Maryam and Hussain Nawaz in February 2006, following
which she acted as a trustee for her brother.
The confession could prove to be a major blow to the Sharif's case.
February 18, 2017
Consider Qatari letters void: Imran asks SC
Imran Khan has submitted an affidavit to the SC, asking it to ignore the
two Qatari letters produced by the Sharif family as evidence of their
stance in the case.
In the 24-page affidavit, the PTI leader termed the letters a wonderful
example of reverse reconstruction, clearly concocted to cater to the
issues before the apex court. The letters, he argued, were simply
‘unbelievable’ and an alleged puerile attempt by a rich Qatari to come to
the aid of a rich Pakistani.
Addressing the AG, Justice Saeed said: "You should argue as the
attorney general. Don't become a party [to the case]."
February 23, 2017
Panamagate hearings conclude; judgement awaited
After both the defence and prosecution completed their arguments, the
SC said it would reserve its verdict on the Panamagate case and issue a
detailed judgement.
"It seems 'justice' is whatever serves [each party's] interests," Justice
Asif Saeed Khosa remarked as the arguments wound up.
"If a judgement is not in someone's interest, they [will] say the judiciary
is corrupt, or that maybe the judges aren't fit to handle such cases," he
commented, adding; "And if a judgement benefits their own stand [on
the issue], they will say there can be no better judge."
"We will decide this case only by the law; such that people will say, 20
years down the line, that this judgement was made by the book,"
concluded Justice Asif Saeed Khosa.
Additional reporting by Nasir Iqbal, Irfan Raza, Tariq Naqash, Amir
Wasim, Naveed Siddiqui and Haseeb Bhatti.
Header illustration by Fahad Naveed.

Pakistan’s External Affairs
Pakistan’s External Affairs
SCO AND REGIONAL SECURITY
In the prevalent era of globalization, a number of regional
organizations have emerged on world stage. These organizations
have become multifunctional pursuing security and economic goals.
States through these regional platforms are trying to address the
transnational threats/challenges. Shanghai Cooperation Organization
(SCO) is an emerging regional grouping consisting of China, Russia
and four Central Asian Republics (CARs). The organization was
officially established in 2001 with an objective to cooperate in
regional security and anti-terrorism. However, over the years, SCO
has expanded its scope for cooperation. The leading countries of the
organization China and Russia have been pursuing economic
cooperation. SCO has opened itself to the outside world, through
arrangements/mechanisms and by awarding observer/dialogue
partner status to interact with other countries/regions. India and
Pakistan have been accepted as de-facto SCO members.
SALIENT POINTS
The salient aspects are as under:-
SCO: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
 The origin of SCO is rooted in the resolution process of border
dispute between USSR and China. The dispute became
multilateral when the former Soviet Central Asian Republics
(CARs) gained independence. To find a solution to the border
disputes, the heads of state of China, Russia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan met in Shanghai.The main focus of
the first “Shanghai Summit” was to discuss confidence-building
measures in the border regions. The “Shanghai Five” concluded
a “Treaty on Deepening Military Trust in Border Regions-26
April 1996”.Sequel to this, a “Treaty on Reduction of Military
Forces in Border Regions” was signed in Moscow in 1997.The
Shanghai Five talks brought stability to the region. It was agreed
not to employ force against each other (or conduct military
exercises directed against each other).
 “Shanghai Five” Transformation into SCO. In 2000, China
suggested to institutionalize the Shanghai Five arrangement for
enhancing multilateral cooperation. All the member states
agreed and with the inclusion of Uzbekistan (2001),[5] the
Shanghai Five officially became the Shanghai Cooperation
Organization (SCO). In June 2002, SCO’s Charter was signed.
21
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
 The SCO’s basic bureaucratic structure consists of two standing
bodies: the Secretariat based in Beijing and overseen by a Secretary
General who serves a three-year term, and the Regional Anti-Terror
Structure (RATS), based in Tashkent.In SCO, mechanisms are in
place for convening meetings of Chief Executives/Prime Ministers
of member states, Speakers of Parliament, Ministers of Foreign
Affairs, Defence, Economy and Education.Heads of Law
Enforcement Agencies and Prosecutor Generals are also involved at
appropriate decision-making levels.
 SCO Member States. SCO has six member states – China, Russia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.Lately,
Pakistan and India (acceding states) have signed the memorandum
of obligations for SCO membership.The four observer states in
SCO are Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran and Mongolia, and the six
dialogue partners include Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia,
Nepal, Sri Lanka and
 SCO’s agenda revolves around enhancing regional
security and improving stability for maintaining peace.
Article 1 of the Charter states that SCO seeks to “strengthen
mutual trust, friendship and good neighborliness between the
member states and to consolidate multidisciplinary
cooperation in the maintenance and strengthening of peace,
security and stability in the region”.
 SCO has signed MoUs with Commonwealth of
Independent States (CIS), Eurasian Economic Community
(EEC), Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO),
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Economic
Cooperation Organization (ECO) and the United Nations
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
(UNESCAP).SCO also participates in the sessions of the UN
General Assembly as an observer.Through these regional and
international platforms, SCO exchanges views on
international security and stability, terrorism and trans‐border
crimes.
SCO AND REGIONAL SECURITY
 According to SCO Charter, its member‐states should not have an
active military conflict, and work towards stabilizing the border
regions, while building military trust for maintaining peace and
stability.[16] Under the Shanghai Five arrangement, the border
dispute between China, Russia and three CARs (Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) was resolved and troops were reduced
along the borders. From conflict avoidance standpoint, it can be
inferred that SCO including its predecessor ‘Shanghai Five’ both
managed to reduce the possibility of conflicts among the member
states.
 In August 2007, SCO members signed a ‘Treaty on long-term good
neighbourliness, friendship and cooperation’, at the Bishkek
Summit.
 Joint Military Exercises. SCO member states hold joint military
exercises. In 2005, Russia and China held war games called ‘Peace
Mission 2005’. Subsequently, ‘Peace Mission 2007’and ‘Peace
Mission 2010’ were held in Russia and Kazakhstan respectively.
Military personnel from China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
and Tajikistan participated.Military cooperation under SCO has
caused concern among US/Western officials. However, SCO
leaders have argued that the “increased threats of terrorism,
extremism and separatism” make it necessary to have a “full-scale
involvement of armed forces”.
EFFORTS TO CURTAIL TERRORISM

Pakistan’s External Affairs
 The East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM) elements active
in Xinjiang province of Chinaand the terrorist outfit – Islamic
Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)operating in Central Asia
heightened security threats in the region. The SCO member
states have resolved to jointly fight terrorism through the
organization’s platform, rather than with the help of extra
regional forces. China was the prime mover of this initiative.
 SCO has established Regional Anti‐Terrorism Structure-RATS;
the functions of this body are to coordinate the efforts of SCO
member states in combating terrorism, separatism and
extremism.SCO member states have also adopted “Shanghai
Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and
Extremism”.
 In April 2006, SCO announced plans to fight cross‐border drug
crimes under the counter‐terrorism rubric, a step towards
security cooperation.In October 2007, the SCO
 signed an agreement with the CSTO, in the Tajik capital
Dushanbe, to broaden cooperation on issues such as security,
crime and drug trafficking.
 At the 15th SCO Summit, “Ufa Declaration – July 2015” called
22
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
for an anti-terrorism plan, to limit ingress of Daish in Afghanistan
and the region at large.The summit noted that drug money was a
major source of funding for terrorist groups.
SCO has concerns regarding the presence of extra-regional
forces in the region. In the aftermath of 9/11, US/coalition troops were
deployed in Afghanistan. US had acquired air bases from Kyrgyzstan
and Uzbekistan. In 2005, SCO issued a joint communiqué (Astana
Declaration) in which both the Central Asian states were compelled to
get the bases vacated.This statement created an impression that SCO was
an anti-Western coalition aimed at countering the US military footprints
in Central Asia.The US request for observer status was refused because
of its being an extra-regional power.
Establishment of SCO-Afghan Contact Group. SCO supports a
peaceful/stable Afghanistan through cooperative counter-terrorism
efforts and combating narcotics trade.In November 2005 the SCO-
Afghanistan Contact Group was established in Beijing.SCO has hosted
conferences on Afghanistan. The first conference on Afghanistan was
held in 2009, in which EU and NATO were also invited.In Ufa Summit,
the agenda item on regional security included Afghanistan.
Discouraging Arms Race. SCO has addressed the issue of arms

Pakistan’s External Affairs
race vis-à-vis regional security.In June 2012, the SCO members
pointed out that “the strengthening of missile defence by a country or
a group of countries in a unilateral and unrestrained manner in
NDIA AND PAKISTAN SCO MEMBERSHIP
New Delhi can address mutual concerns and move forward
in removing the bottlenecks that hinders bilateral talks.
In the SCO framework, Pakistan can expand its defence
and security relations with Russia, which have remained cold due to
India-Russia strategic relations and Russia’s perceived role of
Pakistan in the Afghan war.
SCO and Regional Prosperity
 SCO is best described by Chinese scholars as ‘a cart with
two wheels’, referring to the equal degree of importance
attached to security and economic cooperation. The two
main founding members, China and Russia are economic
strength of the organization. China’s economic growth
makes it a world economic power whereas Russia has
started a march towards redefining its status in the world
politics. The resource rich Central Asian member states –
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan hold
approximately 40 percent of the world oil and natural gas
resources. The cumulative GDP of all member states
including Pakistan and India is about US $ 15.323 trillion.
 China has been pursuing establishment of a joint financial
institution under SCO framework. China advocates that SCO
member states must have their own financial bank, to speed up
infrastructure development projects. In 2003, a special
programme for cooperation in energy, information,
telecommunications, environmental protection and
comprehensive utilization of natural resources was launched by
SCO. The cooperation in trade and investment facilitation was
with an emphasis on building infrastructure such as roads and
railways and harmonizing customs and tariffs.
 The 15th Summit at Ufa laid special emphasis on commitment
towards deepening economic cooperation. The “SCO
Development Strategy 2025” approved in the summit called for
cooperation in trade, ensuring regional stability and prompt
responses to conflicts and crises.
 Cultural cooperation is also promoted within the SCO
framework. A joint statement for continued cultural cooperation
was signed in Beijing in April 2002.
 The expansion of SCO, in particular the inclusion of India and
Pakistan is likely to strength regional connectivity. As stated by
Daesh in South Asia
Maryam Nazir
Abstract
Daesh has emerged out of the instability and chaos of the Middle
East and aims to expand its influence across the world as stated in its
motto of „remaining and expanding.‟ The objective of this paper is
to point out that Daesh ingress in South Asia must be seen as a threat
to the entire region and not as a problem of individual states. It tries
to assess in broad strokes the vulnerability of South Asian countries
in conjunction with their historical background and current
circumstances to analyse possible implications of the group’s
presence. While Daesh may try to exploit the fault lines of religious
militancy and sectarianism in South Asia, factors such as intact
sovereignty and integrity of states along with stronger militaries
could help contain this phenomenon. Meanwhile, it is the group’s
technological hold and effective use of social media which highlights
the need of collective regional cooperation for devising
counterstrategies against this phenomenon.
Introduction
23
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
disregard to the legitimate interests of other countries will cause harm to
international security and global strategic stability.”
former President Musharraf “Pakistan provides the natural link
between the SCO states to connect the Eurasian heartland with the
Arabian Sea and South Asia.” The Russian Federation, China and
CARs could establish a link with Gwadar via the north-south
trade/energy corridor. Once the CPEC starts functioning, it will
connect China, Pakistan, Central Asia, Caucasus and Russia. The
regional re-connectivity through economic integration and
interdependencies will also offer possibilities of peaceful conflict
resolution which is the need of this part of the world.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
 SCO is an emerging international organization having wide domain
of political, economic, and security cooperation amongst its
member countries. Russia views Central Asia squarely within its
sphere of influence and tilts more towards security aspects of the
SCO, while the Chinese desire economic inroads and the influence
that it brings.
 The maturing of SCO with expanding scope and popularity would
discourage involvement of extra regional countries in the region.
Acceptance of Pakistan and India as full members has expanded its
zone of influence south towards warm waters of Indian Ocean.
 SCO will have four nuclear weapons states (Russia, China, Pakistan
and India) and three of the world’s major emerging economies in its
folds. Both SCO heavyweights – China and Russia and the leading
actors of South Asia – India and Pakistan through the SCO platform
can discuss the pressing issues of stabilizing Afghanistan and
terrorism.
 Presence of India and Pakistan in the SCO, dealing with regional
security and peace means that the old rivalries and conflicts have to
give way to new convergences and constructive cooperation
between regional countries. SCO has experience in resolution of
boundary disputes, and India and Pakistan, as members of SCO, can
utilize this framework for settling their issues such as Sir Creek,
Siachen and Kashmir.
 Pakistan can seek assistance from the expertise of the RATS, run by
SCO. Likewise, Pakistan’s security agencies can initiate
institutional dialogue with this centre for coordinating their efforts
and pursuing a joint strategy to eliminate this menace from the
region.
(By Amna Ejaz Rafi—Published in Islamabad Policy Research
Institute)
Born from an especially brutal Al-Qaeda faction, the Daesh, also
known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), has grown from
relative obscurity in recent years to overshadow its extremist
patrons. Daesh follows the ideology of Salafi Jihadism, and has
been terrorising people in large swaths of Iraq and Syria, with deep
ingress to the Middle East, North Africa, Europe, South and East Asia to
establish its government. It has drawn inspiration from the ancient
Caliphate and has divided the territory it occupies (and even others that
it does not control, but aims to occupy), into various provinces called
wilayat in order to validate itself as a state. The rise of this self-
proclaimed „state‟ has signaled the start of a new era of terrorism. In
order to ensure its growth and survival, the Daesh strategy relies on a
number of components which include a centralised military strategy, the
use of ideology and the media as tools to control populations, recruit
fighters, and raise funds alongside the control and development of its
territories.
As of June 2016, Daesh continues to occupy the areas of Northern and
Western Iraq and Northern and Eastern Syria simultaneously. However,

Pakistan’s External Affairs
due to the offensive strategies of the United States and its coalition
forces, it has lost territories in Northeast Syria and suffered a series
of losses in Tikrit, Baiji, Sinjar, Ramadi, Hit, Haditha, Rutbah and
Fallujah in Iraq. The U.S. and coalition forces are trying to weaken
the group’s hold on its remaining core areas of control in Iraq and
Syria. Moreover, there is a special focus on preventing new infusions
of support from affiliates and foreign fighters to avert Daesh-backed
and inspired terrorist attacks in other regions.
Daesh, after Al-Qaeda, is considered to be a perfect case study of
transnational terrorism which „through its perpetrators, victims, or
audience, has implications for two or more countries. If an incident
starts in one country but terminates in another (e.g. 9/11 and 3/11),
then the incident is a transnational terrorist event, as is the case for
the hijacking of a plane in country A that is diverted to country B.‟
However, no distinction between „transnational‟ and „international‟
terrorism has ever been made as both terms refer to groups that use
foreign bases, inspiration and support for operational purposes.
Due to the transnational nature of Daesh, there is a spillover effect
across the globe, especially in the regions nearer to the Middle East.
The concept of „spillover terrorism‟ becomes transnational when,
for example, political grievances in the Middle East motivate
terrorists to stage attacks in European cities and other regions. In the
specific case of Daesh, it has been observed that across the globe
attacks such as those in Paris, Belgium, Brussels, and Turkey had
actually been planned in some other country.
Daesh in South Asia
There are three different scenarios under which Daesh can emerge as
a potent force in South Asia. There are a few jihadist groups in South
Asia that are fractured, with rebel factions inside and which are in
complete misalignment with Al-Qaeda. There exists a possibility that
these splinter groups can gravitate towards Daesh for rebranding
themselves, and for financial and technical assistance. While these
groups are similar to Daesh given their use of technology and their
barbaric acts, these partnerships, if they occur could be considered
marriages of convenience with the sole purpose of serving each
other’s interests.
South Asian militant groups in general have openly rejected the
Daesh influence (such as Al-Qaeda and the Afghan Taliban), few
have readily reacted by joining the Daesh bandwagon (such as
Jandullah, Ahrar-ul-Hind and Shahidullah Group) or they are fence-
sitting (such as Hizb-e-Islami Gulbadeen and Jamaat-ul-Ahrar).
There are certain factors that have enabled the growth and appeal of
Daesh in different regions across the world which include the
following pre-existing conditions i.e. weak state security forces; the
availability of arms; limited international counterterrorism and
intelligence cooperation; presence of armed groups and individuals
to whom the specific ideology of Daesh appealed or for whom
affiliation with Daesh offers potential material advantages;
persistence of conflicts based on ethnic, sectarian, and/or political
disputes and recruitment of foreign fighters and travel networks
related to such conflicts.
Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a war-torn country with a fragile economy, weak
security forces, greater ethnic divide and an active insurgency. Under
these circumstances, Afghanistan can provide Daesh the space for
physical growth and on-ground bases as it has large swaths of
lawless, ungoverned, undeveloped and remote areas. There is an
active presence of Daesh in the south which could be devastating for
a country already in chaos. The Daesh (Khurasan) is perceived to be
concentrated in Zabul, Faryab, Helmand, Ghazni, Kunduz and
Nangarhar provinces, trying to extend its holds beyond remote
locations such as Jalalabad, Kunar and Nuristan. There have been
reports of militants recruiting, settling, and carrying out attacks under
the Daesh banner in nearly 70 per cent of the Afghan provinces.
In January 2016, Daesh was suspected of attacks on the Pakistani
and Indian consulates in Afghanistan. Furthermore, Daesh has been
24
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
targeting the Shi’ite community in Afghanistan as it did in Iraq and
Syria.
It is believed that Daesh in Afghanistan has the support of the East
Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
(IMU), and fractured and disenfranchised Taliban and ethnic groups.
Despite falling state apparatus, Daesh could face three-
pronged challenges here.
The first challenge is the U.S.-led coalition forces as they have been
hitting Daesh hideouts and sanctuaries in Iraq and Syria and have vowed
to replicate the same offensive strategy in Afghanistan. The second
challenge is the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF). Though, there
is much to be done regarding the capacity building of these forces,
however, they have been conducting joint raids with U.S. forces to
thwart Daesh presence in Afghanistan.
The third and most potent challenge to Daesh is the Afghan Taliban who
claim complete ownership over the country and would not allow Daesh
ambitions to replace them. The Afghan Taliban want to abort Daesh
(Khurasan) in its formative stage.
Furthermore. a U.S.-led mission in Afghanistan is continuously carrying
out airstrikes against Daesh. Also, the local village leaders have raised
militias with support from the Afghan government to hold these
reclaimed villages, guarding against the possible return of Daesh
fighters.
It is believed that Daesh lacks the patronage and image that is needed to
gain a strong foothold in Afghanistan. Their limited presence has more
to do with issues of not being able to penetrate the grassroot level than
the global politics of harbouring continuous conflict and chaos such as
in Iraq and Syria.
Pakistan
Due to ongoing counterterrorism operations, terrorist sanctuaries and
their command and control systems have been demolished in Pakistan.
However, the rapprochement of Daesh can provide fractured and
disenfranchised militants and groups, an opportunity to enter its fold for
the purpose of rebranding.
The walk-chalking and graffiti that appeared in the areas of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa and Karachi was immediately dealt with and the
perpetrators arrested.
The civil and military leadership is confident that state’s security
apparatus is fully capable of dealing with the global threat of Daesh.
Daesh and its subsequent growth in Pakistan could have been a
question mark if the government had not initiated a full scale
antiterrorism campaign across the country. In this regard, Pakistan has
adopted a two-pronged strategy i.e. military operations in the tribal
areas, alongside small scale intelligence based operations (IBOs) in
urban areas. These IBOs and combing operations have been designed
keeping in view the spillover effect of the military operation in North
Waziristan. This strategy, particularly aims to target the sleeper and
facilitation cells of terrorists in urban areas. This strategy across the
country proves the seriousness of Pakistan’s security forces to eliminate
internal militancy.
The ongoing operations in Pakistan are aimed at squashing any and
every threat of militancy. Given this, the limited Daesh „leadership‟ in
Pakistan will be unable to extract the same levels of control its Middle
Eastern counterpart has been able to in the short- to medium-term.
However, Daesh’s symbolic capital does have the potential to galvanise
and change militant dynamics in South Asia.
India and Bangladesh
India is home to multiple religious and cultural ethnicities. According to
the census of 2011, India has a population of 1210.2 million which
constitutes 80.5 per cent Hindus, 13.4 per cent Muslims, 2.3 per cent
Christians, 1.9 per cent Sikhs and 1.8 per cent other religions. Amid
such diversity, there have been issues of communal violence, use of
force and hate speech against minorities. Such issues have been a cause

Pakistan’s External Affairs
of disturbance between the state and minorities in certain parts of
India. The greater ethnic/communal divide and presence of extremist
Hindu factions are elements that could become fertile ground for the
growth of Daesh in India.
Multiple cases of missing youths have been registered and their
disappearance has been linked with Daesh. Many officials have
refused to comment on the number of Indian youth who have been
radicalised or influenced by Daesh, but according to one estimate,
the figure is in the range of 7000-8000. It has been reported that Abu
Salman al-Hindi, a Daesh commander of Indian stock, along with the
militant group known as the Indian Mujahideen (IM), has already
trained more than 12 groups to join Daesh. Meanwhile, the latter has
released an e-book titled Black Flags from the ISIS explaining its
ambitions to target India. The book
also talks about Prime Minister Narendra Modi, citing the Dadri
lynching and issue of beef ban in India.
In the particular case of Bangladesh, its unstable economy, law and
order situation and fragile civil-military relations are worrisome
signs. Daesh footprints in Bangladesh have surfaced in a completely
different manner here, with increased militancy, new trends are
emerging.
Moreover, the use of homegrown violent groups by political parties
has proven detrimental to the state security architecture. Under these
circumstances, Daesh infiltration into the extremist folds of
Bangladesh cannot be ruled out.
Bangladesh has experienced various alleged Daesh inspired attacks
in 2015 and 2016, including the killing of an Italian aid worker and
Japanese agriculturist in Dhaka, alongside targeted killings of Shi’ite
Muslims. Moreover, the targeted murders of secular bloggers in the
country over the recent past have come with an accompanying
Daesh badge. Among many, blogger Avijit Roy was allegedly
murdered by an Islamist group named Ansarullah Bangla Team,
with the purpose to avenge the war waged by the United States
against Daesh. These bloggers have also been targeted for their vocal
criticism against extremist and fundamentalist Islam and support for
secularism. Such prospective views are seen as ideological clashes
with Daesh.
It is also suspected that a group named, Jamaat-ul-Mujahidin
Bangladesh (JMB) is aligning itself with Daesh and is involved in
recruiting educated English-speaking tech savvy youth in
Bangladesh for the terrorist outfit. Abu Ibrahim Al Hanif, declared
the, Amir of Khialfah’s soldiers in Bengal, in an interview, detailed
the vision of the terror merchants for the subcontinent, particularly
for the eastern frontier. He also spoke against the political system,
came down hard on even the Islamist political parties like Jamaat-e-
Islami, and warned of large-scale violence against the Hindus. It
appears that Daesh aims to use Bangladesh as a jihadi base to plan
attacks in India. Daesh’s vision highlights their strategy of
geographical expansion, but undoubtedly more powerful are its
efforts to influence generations of vulnerable people. Bangladesh,
being a close neighbour of India, with increasing sectarian clashes is
vulnerable to the threat of Daesh.
Maldives, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan
The smaller states of South Asia are much more vulnerable to the
threat of Daesh because these states have either experienced issues
of militancy in the past or their current circumstances are causing
internal instability. Maldives is a country known for its tourism.
However, social problems, militancy and radical preaching are
prompting Islamism. Moreover, the presence of Maldivian fighters
in Daesh cadres has exposed the country to challenges such as
25
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
radicalisation and recruitment by groups like Al-Qaeda and Daesh. In
October 2013, 50-100 people, out of the total population of 300,000
reportedly fled to Middle Eastern countries, specifically Iraq and
Syria to join Daesh. These mostly included students, convicted or
accused criminals and religious fighters who had been gravitating
towards the Daesh agenda. Means of recruitment and radicalisation is
mostly being done online, this has become especially serious since
Maldivians are well-versed in English language and almost 43 per cent
of the population has access to the internet.
As Sri Lanka attempts to recover from the effects of the Liberation
Tigers of Tamil Elam (LTTE), the remnants of the group and militant
Islamist networks portend new challenges to the security of the country.
According to the U.S. Department of State, „LTTE’s financial network
of support continued to operate throughout 2014.‟ While still healing
from its civil war, the ingress of Daesh in Sri Lanka is making recovery
worse. It has been reported that in 2016 alone, 36 Sri Lankans (along
with their families) left for Syria to join Daesh. The first Sri Lankan,
known as Abhu Shuraih Sailani who joined Daesh, was reportedly killed
in an air strike in July 2016 in Syria. The Sri Lankan Prime Minister
Ranil Wickremesinghe ordered a probe to investigate whether Sailani
was alone in his voyage to join the group in Syria.
Though, there is no marked presence of Daesh in Nepal and Bhutan
until now, the threat cannot be undermined. The Maoist insurgency in
Nepal has left deep scars, and while the country is now trying to get
back on its feet under democratic rule and a new Constitution, its
poverty levels remain the highest at 25. 2 per cent after Bangladesh
(31.5 per cent). This may lead the young above 15 years of age who are
unemployed (20 per cent) towards finding quick and illegal sources of
money. In October 2015, the Central Investigation Bureau (CIB) of
Nepal uncovered a criminal ring trafficking young girls to Daesh.
In late July 2016, there were unconfirmed reports that Daesh had
threatened to blow up the Koshi Barrage which put the government and
security agencies in both Nepal and India on high alert. This warning
came soon after the terror attack in a restaurant popular with foreigners
in the diplomatic zone of Dhaka which claimed the lives of 20 hostages.
Though the government of Bangladesh denied Daesh involvement, the
group claimed responsibility for it.
Is South Asia Really Vulnerable to the Threat of Daesh?
Daesh has grown up in regions where authoritarian states failed to
govern such as the Middle East and North Africa. In the specific case of
Iraq and Syria, Daesh was able to grab territory, wealth, arms and
equipment by taking control of resources such as oil and natural gas,
financial institutions and distribution systems like banks and even
disbanded respective armies, when their rulers were trapped in state-
building initiatives (Iraq) or dealing with the chaos induced by the Arab
Spring (Syria).
In South Asia, the situation is different as states are sovereign with their
territorial integrity intact. With the presence of strong institutional
structures and military might, Daesh could face serious obstacles in
South Asia. The politico-economic structure in this region is also
different from that of the Middle Eastern and North African region,
thereby reducing the chances of a definitive Daesh infiltration.
However, under specific scenarios, states such as Afghanistan and
Bangladesh have the least resilience to the threat of Daesh. Afghanistan
is currently unstable and has serious security issues. Daesh emergence in
such a volatile security environment is a matter of concern which needs
an immediate response. The number of Daesh fighters in Afghanistan
reportedly runs into thousands. Though, the Afghan Taliban would be a
tough competitor for Daesh, but its support from elements such as ETIM
and IMU must not be underestimated. Russia, China, Iran and Central

Pakistan’s External Affairs
Asian Republics (CARs), being immediate neighbours have genuine
concerns regarding the possible spillover effects of Daesh activities.
Similarly, Bangladesh is vulnerable to the threat of Daesh because of
heightened political and religious grievances, resulting in the
fragmentation of society. The Government of Bangladesh has been
oppressing political and religious freedoms. A policy of vengeance is
being practiced by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s government
against Jamaat-i-Islami leadership. Such religious fragmentation
could lend favourable support to Daesh, giving them an opportunity
to use Bangladesh as a runway to launch militant activities.
Similarly, the killings of sectarian activists by groups aligned with
Daesh should force the state’s security apparatus to take strong
action. Under the umbrella of the South Asian Association for
Regional Cooperation (SAARC), member states should outline
strategies for their respective countries to fight this menace.
In the case of Pakistan and India, there exist fault lines which could
be exploited through subversive plots, but this would not be enough
for Daesh to gain physical control. The extensive unregulated cyber
space for radicalisation, however, must not be ignored. Daesh,
through social media has the power to lure in support without
making any physical appearance.
Given a checkered history of mistrust, South Asian states have been
hesitant in sharing clear details of Daesh ingress in their respective
territories due to the stigma associated with militancy and extremist
ideologies. However, if states really aim to shield themselves against
this
organisation, there is a need to have a realistic look at its spread and
its recruitment patterns to devise counter strategies. While Daesh
may not be able to annex South Asia into its „Caliphate in the
foreseeable future, however, if new agents remain successful, they
will be able to rally support and further deteriorate the fragile
security of the region.
Possible Implications
Polarised and complicated militancy: It is believed that with
prospective entry of Daesh into the region, South Asian states
could face episodes of sporadic terrorism. There are fault lines
such as sectarian issues, use of political violence, state-
sponsored terrorism and territorial disputes that could be
exploited at least to create short-term conflict. While most South
Asian states have experienced issues of militancy in the past,
Daesh is another beast altogether which is technologically more
advanced and savvy; and its particular brand of fundamentalism
may be more appealing to the existing militant ideologies. Such
prospects would further damage the already fragile security
architecture of South Asia.
Mutual mistrust and security apprehensions among
South Asian states:
The mutual mistrust among the South Asian states is perceived
to be the biggest impediment in developing a framework
ensuring security. There are various apprehensions being held
by one state against the other that can provide favourable space
to extremist ideologies to grow. The fragile situation of
Afghanistan, territorial disputes between India and Pakistan and
lack of regional connectivity are the few factors burgeoning
tensions in the region. Moreover, these apprehensions have
been overshadowing the prospects associated with regional
cooperation, undermining the establishment of a multilateral
security charter which could also be helpful in clarifying the
misperceptions and apprehensions, thus, revitalizing trust
between neighbours.
 Ideological and operational transformations
among the jihadist groups: Even the tiniest presence of Daesh
26
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
in the region could fan more extremist ideologies. Daesh is more like a
corporate terrorist organisation, with wealth and technical assistance
which it can offer to militant groups in South Asia who are in need of
„rebranding‟. Newer narratives and deeper penetration of the Salafi
jihadist ideology will not bode well for South Asia.
 Cyber radicalisation: Cyber space in South Asia is largely
unregulated with a damaging impact on its users, particularly the
youth which constitute the largest proportion of South Asian states.
The region has
480 million internet users, out of the total 3.4 billion, which is the
second highest number of users worldwide. Daesh has expertise in
radicalising masses through online means. Given the large numbers
of internet users concentrated in South and East Asia, the threat of
radicalisation amplifies. Daesh can accumulate maximum support
through online means from areas where it has been denied physical
space. Besides, through easy internet access, Daesh is able to
upload its e-books, magazines and videos, containing its ideological
literature and account of activities to influence the masses.
 Difficulties in law enforcement and security
maintenance:
 The fragile security situation in South Asia vis-à-vis
emergence of Daesh
could intensify the issues of law enforcement and
counterterrorism. Though some states like Pakistan (under
Operation Zarb-e-Azb) and Sri Lanka (against the LTTE)
have been successful in largely eradicating terrorists from
difficult areas, the online existence of Daesh could disrupt
the maintenance of peace. Monitoring and surveillance
mechanisms must be introduced to curb extremist
ideologies in the region.
Conclusion
Daesh is a brutal force implementing a manipulated version of
Shariah which is completely inconsistent with the teachings of
Islam. It has become a global threat and South Asia cannot
pretend that it is somehow cloaked under an iron dome which
will protect the region and its people from it. With its motto of
„remaining and expanding‟, growth across the globe is part of
its grand plan.
As elaborated above, the history of militancy in South
Asia is a crucial factor that may provide fertile ground for the
growth of Daesh even if governments have been able to fight
against insurgents successfully through military action. High
poverty levels also make the populace vulnerable to
exploitation by belligerent agendas. In order to control and
limit Daesh globally and regionally, there is a need to target its
affiliate groups, severing their links with the core group in
order to reduce its strength indirectly. There is a need to
counter the ideology of Daesh by
initiating an interactive dialogue among Muslims and other
religious and ethnic communities. The religious clerics and
scholars have the responsibility to address the issues of
radicalisation through lectures and sermons that could be used
as a counternarrative to wash away the influence of extremist
ideologies. A regional framework should be established to
monitor Daesh facilitation networks, flow of foreign fighters,
finances and propagation of literature. The fighters who have
been joining Daesh are using indirect routes to reach Iraq and
Syria, for which South Asian states need to ensure strict border
surveillance and monitoring. Such a framework can be
developed by SAARC’s coalition of member countries.
Moreover, such a regional framework should also focus on
rehabilitation of conflict-hit areas from where such extremist

Weekly Current Affairs MCQs
ideologies have been emerging. While sustainable
development and economic growth through trade is
important for the region, Daesh ingress and its level of
penetration must be analysed realistically on priority basis
Weekly Current Affairs MCQs
April 27 – May 4
1. Which Bollywood legend died on 27 april 2017 at age of 70
years? Vinod Khanna
2. EOBI stands for: Employees Old age Benefits Institution
3. Name Italian Chief of Army Staff who recently called on
Pakistan’s Army Chief Gen. Qamar Javed Bajwa? Gen. Danilo
Errico
4. In Islamic calendar, month of Sha’baan is numbered as? 8th
5. Which 4 months are considered sacred in Islamic calendar?
Rajab (7th), and three consecutive months of Dhu al-
Qa’dah (11th), Dhu al-Hijja (12th ), and Muharram (1st)
6. On 25th April, which day is celebrated? World Malaria Day
7. In list of most successful test match captain is? Graeme Smith
(South Africa—won 53, Second is Ricky Ponting (won 48)
8. FBR has approved a new unit against money tax fraud and
‘benami’ transactions? Anti Money Launching (AML) Unit
9. Current Chairman of FBR (Federal Board of Revenue) is? Dr.
M. Irshad
10. Saudi Arab has hired world’s biggest PR (Public Relations) firm
to push ‘Muslim Nato’, its name is? Edelman (its founder is
Tony Podesta)
11. Which federal minister has resigned after accusing PM’s
principal secretary of corruption? Riaz Pirzada (Inter-
provincial Coordination Minister)
12. Which nuclear capable missile has been test-fired by India
recently? Agni III (Surface to surface with range 3000 km)
13. Pakistani Journalist, Hamid Mir, has announced to return
father’s award to Bangladesh, which was given him in 2013
14. by BD PM Haseena Wajid, what is the name of this award?
Friend of Bangladesh Liberation War
15. In 2016, India has increased its defence budget by? 8.5
percent
16. How many times has Pakistan won Hockey World Cup? 4 time
While 3 times Olympics Gold Medals
17. World’s biggest ever nuclear submarine is now ready to hit the
water. Its name is? HMS Audacious
18. Which country’s leader has fired 10,000 civil servants over who
are accused of having falsified academic qualification
certificated? Tanzania’s President John Magufuli
19. Pope Francis met grand imam of Al-Azhar Mosque whose name
is? Ahmed el-Tayyab
20. On April 28, Pakistan and china has co-developed a dual seat
JF-17 Thunder fighter jet? JF-17B
21. Which country is going to host 30th summit of ASEAN
(Association of Southeast Asian Nations) on 29th April?
Philippine (at its captial Manila)
22. Current Secretary Geneal of ASEAN is? Le Luong Minh
23. In 2016, India has increased its defence budget by? 8.5 percent
24. Current Pakistani ambassador to Iran is? Asif Ali Khan
Durrani
25. Which country has recently banned Islamic names including
“Muhammad” for newborns? China (in Xinjiang province).
27
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
since the group can threaten the very peace and prosperity all
governments and people want. The fight against terrorism
requires collective action in order to save our future
generations from facing similar circumstances.
26. After suspension of Akhtar Nawaz Ganjeera, who has become
Acting DG of PSB (Pakistan Sports Board)? Khyal Zaid Gul
27. Samsung, a multinational electronics company, belongs to? South
Korea
28. Which day is celebrated on 29 April? International Dance Day
29. Who is current Canadian Prime Minister? Justin Trudeau
30. NAFTA stands for: North American Free Trade Agreement
(signed by U.S, Canada, & Mexico)
31. OnApril 30, PM Nawaz Sharif has removed Tariq Fatemi from his
post (of Special Assistant on Foreign affairs to PM), over? Dawn
News leaks scandal
32. APNS stands for? All Pakistan Newspaper Society
33. Current Ombudsman (Mohtasib) Punjab is? Najam Saeed
34. Current President of ICC (International Cricket Council) is? Zaheer
Abbas
35. First 'Silk Road' train has come back from Britain to china after
covering 12000 km distance (world’s second largest route). This
train is named as: the East Wind train
36. Current chief minister of Uttar Pardesh is? Yogi Aditiya Nath
37. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, who has come back to Afghanistan after
exile of 20 years, belongs to? Hizb-e-Islami
38. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, being responsible for destruction of Kabul
in early 1990s, was nicknamed as? Butcher of Kabul
39. International Workers’ Day or Labour day is celebrated on? 1st
May
40. Labour day has its origin in: 8-hours movement (labour union
movment) which advocated 8-hours for work, 8-hours for
recreation, & 8-hours for rest
41. After retirement of Waheed-ul-Hassan, who is currently appointed
next Special Secretary for Foreign Affairs? Syed Ibrar Hussain
(who’s Pakistan’s incumbent ambassador to Afghanistan)
42. Who is next High Commissioner in India after Abdul Basit? Sohail
Mahmood
43. Current Pakistani High Commissioner in India, Abdul Basit, is will
be appointed as? Head of Foreign Service Academy (FSA)
44. Pakistan’s current ambassador to South Korea, Javed Nasarullah
will be Pakistan’s new ambassador to Afghanistan
45. Who will be Pakistan’s first non-Pushto speaking ambassador to
Afghanistan? Javed Nasarrullah
46. Capital of South Korea is? Seoul
47. Pope Francis belongs to? Argentina
48. Which Indian university has recently awarded honorary Doctorate
to Turkish President Recep Erdogan? Jamia Millia Islamia
49. Current Chairman of POF (Pakistan Ordnance Factories) is? Umar
Farooq Durrani (Lt. Gen.)
50. First women Chief Justice of Nebal has been suspended after two
largest coalition parties of Nepal has filed impeachment against her.
Her name is? Sushila Karki
51. Which day is celebrated on 2 May? World Asthma Day
52. Where American missile defence system, THAAD (Terminal High
Altitude Area Defence), has become operational now. Where has it
been installed in South Korea? in a Golf course near Seongju

Weekly Current Affairs MCQs
53. FPCCI stands for: Federation of Pakistan Chambers of
Commerce and Industry
54. Current President of FPCCI is: Zubair F. Tufail
55. On 2nd May 2017, it has been 6 years since death of Usama bin
Laden. What was the codename of operation in which American
Navy SEALs (Sea, Air, Land team) killed Osama on 2 nd May
2011? Neptune Spear
56. Robert O Neil, an American Navy SEAL, who claimed to kill
Usama, has recently written a book: The Operator
57. Current Secretary General of Amnesty International is? Salil
Shetty (India)
58. Chief Statistician (chief census commissioner) Pakistan is? Asif
Bajwa
59. Which port Iran has recently offered India to run? Chahbahar
60. Current Chief Justice of Islamabad High Court is? Anwar
Khan Kasi
61. Appointment of Acting IG Punjab has been currently challenged
at Lahore High Court as according to constitution, “Acting” IG
cannot be appointed. Who is current Acting IG Punjab? Usman
Khattak
62. General elections are scheduled to be held in Pakistan?
within the 90 days after 5 June, 2018
63. Which award HEC has recently won? Global Good
Governance Award (2nd time)
64. Name of Sri Lankan army chief, who currently met Pakistan’s
army chief Qamar Javed Bajwa at GHQ, is: A.W.J.C De Silva
65. Iranian foreign minister recently visited Pakistan. His name is?
M. Jawad Zarif
Transcripts of Talk Shows
World Right Now With Wala Gorani
Topics to be covered in this talk show are:
Parts Of Anti-Missile System Moved To South Korean
Site; North Korea Carried Out Major Artillery Drill
Tuesday; Trump Calls For More Sanctions On North
Korea; China And Russia Object To U.S. Missile
Defense System; White House Facing Questions After
Flynn Revelations; President Trump Signs New
Executive Orders; May Takes Last Leader's Questions
Before Vote; Critics Accuse Turkey Of Trying To
Silence Dissent.
HALA GORANI, CNN INTERNATIONAL ANCHOR: Hello,
everyone. I'm Hala Gorani live from CNN London. Thanks for being
with us this Wednesday. This is THE WORLD RIGHT NOW.
Happening right now at the White House, President Donald Trump's
cabinet secretaries are briefing the entire U.S. Senate on North
Korea, all 100 of them.
Meantime, more than 11,000 kilometers away, parts of a
controversial U.S. missile defense system are being rolled into place
in South Korea. Alexandra Field reports from Seoul.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
ALEXANDRA FIELD, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over):
The parts are moving at a moment when every move matters.
28
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
66. U.S has successfully launched another ICBM (Intercontinental
Ballistic Missile) from California coastal base. What is the name of
this ICBM? Minuteman III
67. Current DG of UNESCO (United Nations Education, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization) is? Irina Bokova
68. Which day has been celebrated on 3r May? World Press Freedom
Day 2017
69. Where did deadly Taliban attack on on April 21 destroy the lives of
over 100 soldiers? Shaheen Army Corps in Balkh province
70. As a result of recent Taliban attack on Afghan forces, which two
high profile Afghan officials have to resign? Defence Minister
(Abudllah Habibi) & Army Chief (Qadam Shah Shahim)
71. Acting Defence Minister of Afghanistan is? Tariq Shah Bahrami
(Major Gen.)
72. Acting Army Chief of Afghanistan is? Gen. Sharif Yaftai
73. Minister of State for Foreign Affairs of Japan, who recently visited
Pakistan, is: Nobuo Kishi
74. International Firefighter Day is celebrated on: 4th May
75. In ICC T20 ranking list, Pakistan ranks: 3rd
76. Governor SBP (State Bank of Pakistan) Ashraf Wathra has been
retired on 29 April, who is Acting Governor of SBP? Riaz
Riazudin (Deputy Governor)
77. Tipu Sultan’s 218th death anniversary has been celebrated on? 4th
May (died in 1799)
78. What is the capital of Somlia where a cabinet minister of public
works and reconstruction has been killed mistakenly by official
guards of Auditor General? Mogadishu
Overnight, pieces of THAAD, a U.S. designed missile defense system
delivered to their deployment site, a golf course in a small village in the
southern part of South Korea.
Their arrival comes hours after North Korea flexed its military muscle,
firing off long range artillery in a massive training drill. But its ballistic
missile threat in arsenal that endangers the region today and could reach
beyond one day that has the U.S. quickly pushing ahead with a
controversial system.
China and Russia have objected to THAAD, raising concerns about
whether its radar could also be used to spy on neighboring countries. But
defense officials in South Korea say the deployment is essential part of
preparation for North Korea's advanced nuclear missile threat.
The goal is to make THAAD operational as quickly as possible. Russia's
protesters in South Korea pushing back. We can't understand the need to
deploy this right now, he says.
In the village of Sonju (ph), thousands of police hold back hundreds of
demonstrators, angry that THAAD is being stalled in their backyard
without their consent.
The country's former disgraced president signed off on it and since then
Park Geun-hye has been impeached, ousted from office, and jailed on
corruption charges, charges she denies.
Candidates in the race to replace her took the debate stage Tuesday
night. The frontrunner, Democratic Party candidate, (inaudible) again

Transcripts of Talk shows (CNN)
said the decision to deploy THAAD is better left to the next
president. Hours later, the parts were moving.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
GORANI: Well, Alexandra Field joins me now live from Seoul and
Josh Rogin joins me from Washington. He is a CNN analyst and
columnist for "The Washington Post."
So Josh, I'm going to start with you before I get to Alexandra in
Seoul. A big meeting today at the White House. What is likely to
come out of it?
JOSH ROGIN, CNN POLITICAL ANALYST: It's not clear that
something new or revelatory will come out of it. What we know is
that the administration feels it's necessary to get all the senators in
the room and then later today all the Congressmen in the room and
just brief them on what they are doing to counteract the rising North
Korea threat.
There is a lot of confusion especially on Capitol Hill about around
watch (inaudible) capitals around the world about what the U.S.
policy is. There seems to be a lot of emphasis on getting China to put
more pressure on North Korea.
There is a vague description of pressure in terms of sanctions, even
sanctions on China, and then the prospect of potential military action
should North Korea get too close having the capability to strike the
United States with a nuclear weapon.
So what senators want is they want to hear some reassurance that the
administration has a plan to, first, put pressure and then possibly
engage with the North Koreans.
And they also want to know exactly under what circumstances the
Trump administration might use military force against North Korea
and if they find that out, that will be a big step in the right direction
towards understanding how President Trump is thinking about this
growing problem.
GORANI: And obviously because a lot is at stake. Alexandra, we
realize the situation is more tense. There is a massive war of words
going on and we're seeing sort of military rollouts of defensive
systems and increasing number of drills as well. But keep us honest.
How close are we or how much closer are we do actual conflict here?
FIELD: OK, look, some of what you're seeing right now is
something that we see year after year at this time of year. You have
these annual military exercises that raise the level of heat here, that
give rise to higher tension on the peninsula, this flexing of muscle,
these demonstrations of force.
[15:05:09]You get them on both sides of the DMZ. It always
contributes to this tense environment at this time of year. What is
different right now though is the fact that you have had this
excessive testing of ballistic missiles from North Korea, their stated
goal to try and mount a nuclear warhead to a ballistic missile that
would be capable of reaching the U.S.
And the threat it seems that they could be preparing for a sixth
nuclear test. That is the backdrop, that's the context that the U.S. is
reacting to when you see them moving these military assets into
place.
These assets however are meant to be interpreted as deterrent
measures, those warships that are being sent to the waters of the
peninsula and also a powerful submarine that has docked at a
southern port in South Korea.
29
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
They are meant to again to send a signal to North Korea not to conduct
any provocations that could illicit or warrant a response, but South
Koreans are very clear they do not want to see conflict.
Remember you have the city of Seoul with its 24 million people in the
broader metro area just 30 miles away from the conventional weaponry
that is on the other side of the DMZ that heavily fortified border that
divides the peninsula -- Hala.
GORANI: Right. Well, it's perfectly understandable why they wouldn't
want a conflict being where they are, but Josh, one of the things you
wrote about today is that Donald Trump hasn't really installed officials
in the State Department or in government who are Asia specialists, who
could become advisers or certainly contribute to the discussion on the
North Korea threat.
ROGIN: Right. This is a problem throughout the Trump administration,
but it's especially acute when with it comes to those officials who are
supposed to be managing this problem not just inside the U.S.
government but with our allies especially Japan and South Korea.
I was in the region last week traveling with Vice President Pence and
what I heard from officials there was very clear. They don't know who is
in charge. They don't know which of the conflicting messages to believe
and they don't know who to call in case the crisis gets a lot worse and
that's a big problem.
I mean, on the one hand, you have the vice president of the United States
saying that we're never going to negotiate with North Korea. He told me
that very clearly in an interview in Tokyo.
And then you have the secretary of state saying something different that
we're eventually going to have to negotiate with North Korea. Both of
them can't be right and the problem inside the administration is that
because you don't have people in place who do this kind of messaging,
there is a risk that signals get crossed, that people miscalculate and that
raises the risk that somebody could make a mistake that could lead to a
conflict.
We saw that most glaringly when the Pentagon and the White House
press secretary seemed to not know that the U.S. aircraft carrier "Carl
Vinson" was not headed to North Korea but actually headed in the
opposite direction.
On the one hand seems like kind of a silly mistake. On the other hand,
it's just that kind of mistake that can have the North Koreans making
decisions that we don't want them to make based on wrong information.
GORANI: And lastly, Alexandra, in terms of China obviously, China,
the go- between, wanting to calm things. This is their neighborhood.
They don't want things to get out of hand. What is their take on this
now? How are they planning on responding to what is going on, this
increased tension between the U.S. and North Korea?
FIELD: Well, look, the position from China today is actually a direct
response to the U.S. and to South Korea and that's in light of the fact that
we have now seen these pieces of THAAD, that controversial missile
defense system being sent to the field where they will then be deployed.
China is again directly calling on the U.S. and South Korea to stop the
deployment of the THAAD system, once again site citing its own
security concerns. The Chinese believe that this missile defense system
could be part of an effort to contain them essentially in their own region.
But they are also saying that it is this kind of maneuvering from the U.S.
and South Korea that is only stirring up the tension during these already

Transcripts of Talk shows (CNN)
tense times on the peninsula. That's why they say that this
deployment should stop and should stop immediately.
This is also in line with another proposal that we heard from Chinese
officials again reiterated just a few weeks ago when they suggested
that
the U.S. and South Korea should stop conducting the annual joint
military exercises that tend to enrage Pyongyang every year.
And that in exchange they suggested Pyongyang might agree to
abandon its missile program and its nuclear ambitions. That was the
kind of compromise
that was rejected out of hand by U.S. officials who say that you
simply cannot equate these two things, the flouting of sanctions by
North Korea
and perfectly legal training drills being carried out by the U.S. and
South Korean armies.
At the same time, China does of course play a big role in the strategy
that is tentatively being laid out by the Trump administration. You've
heard President Donald Trump say over and over again that he is
working closely with Chinese President Xi Jinping.
And that it is on the Chinese to use the leverage that they have over
North Korea here in the region based primarily on the deep economic
relationship there -- Hala.
[15:10:02]GORANI: Right. And we'll see hopefully more about the
White House's plan as this meeting unfolds. We'll hear from senators
and representatives as well a little bit later. Josh Rogin in
Washington and Alexandra Field in Seoul, thanks very much to both
of you.
We know how difficult it has been in the past to get some of this
done and we know how contradictory this is with some of our other
principles. So sort of thanks but no thank from the lawmakers who
actually have to write and pass the legislation that the White House
wants.
GORANI: Here in the United Kingdom, political parties are ramping
up their campaigns ahead of June's snap election. And earlier, the
two main leaders faced off across the House of Commons dispatch
box for a final time before that vote. Perhaps for a final time ever. As
you can imagine, the exchanges were pretty fiery.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
THERESA MAY, BRITISH PRIME MINISTER: In some
something over six weeks, we will be back at these dispatch boxes
again. And the only question is where will we be standing, who will
be prime minister of this great country? And he says the choice is
clear and the choice is clear. Every vote for him is a vote for chaotic
Brexit. Every vote for me is a vote to strengthen our hand in
negotiating the best deal.
JEREMY CORBYN, BRITISH LABOUR PARTY LEADER:
Strong leadership is about standing up for the many, not the few. But
when it comes to prime minister of the conservatives, they only look
after the riches, not the rest. They are strong against the weak and
weak against the strong.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
30
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
GORANI: Phil Black is here in the studio. Well, Jeremy Corbyn
obviously is defending himself in parliament, but in the polls his party is
set to be pretty much trounced.
PHIL BLACK, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Yes, he was there today and
saying that he would lead the government of the many, not the
privileged few, but the opinion polls show he won't be leading a
government anytime soon if they are accurate, if they are to be believed
and we've learned to be a little
bit cautious about these things.
It shows that the Conservative Party, the Prime Minister Theresa May,
consistently has a lead of at least 20 points or more. That is not new; it
was undoubtedly a significant factor in the calculations she made in
deciding to call this snap election.
But what it shows is that they haven't really changed despite the fact she
flip-flopped on the election. Remember she said for a long time that she
wouldn't do that. So it shows that her party is well ahead and she's well
ahead by a long way as preferred prime minister, too.
GORANI: But as far as our international viewers are concerned in
countries outside the U.K., it's not going to change anything in terms of
Brexit.
That is still going ahead. And this is the government, if polls are correct,
that the rest of Europe will be dealing with.
BLACK: It will be, but it will be a much stronger government in a sense.
The expectation is that Prime Minister Theresa May will win many more
seats. The question is really how many. How well will she do. Will she
just do well in the marginal battleground constituencies or could she do
better and take away seats that have been traditionally belonged to the
Labour Party?
Could she redraw the political landscape here? But you're right, from an
international point of view, nothing really changes. It's very likely the
world will be dealing with the same government after the election.
GORANI: But what about Brexit itself? I mean, then what does that
mean in terms of the negotiations with Europe?
BLACK: Theresa May's big thing and whole justification for this
election is strengthen my hand for the coming negotiations.
GORANI: But to do what? I mean, there are still many questions.
BLACK: There are many, but she's still clearly dealing with it because
even tonight as we speak there is a working dinner at 10 Downing Street
that the prime minister is holding with her Brexit advisors and the
president of the European Commission, they are arriving tonight, the
lead negotiator for the E.U. That is taking place right now as we are
talking. They haven't given us any idea about what they are talking about
but it is likely --
GORANI: A kiss for each cheek, that's very European.
BLACK: Very European. Likely they are talking talks about talks,
probably the rules and formats of the negotiations to come. What this
shows is that she's getting very involved in these very early stages of the
Brexit process, but also she is clearly planning ahead. She is looking and
thinking and planning ahead beyond an election that she knows she is
very well placed to win.
GORANI: Well, I guess it's a good sign that they are talking about future
talks even at this stage. Thanks very much, Phil Black, as always.
Critics Accuse Turkey Of Trying To Silence Dissent

Transcripts of Talk shows (CNN)
Now, he won a sweeping new powers in a referendum this April and
it's pretty clear he intends to use them. The government of Turkish
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is carrying out a new crackdown
arresting some 1,000 people accused of belonging to a secret
network that infiltrated police. But as Ian Lee reports, critics say it is
just the latest example of the government trying to silence dissent.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
IAN LEE, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): The beginning
or last gasp of a political movement? Protesters take to the streets
daily, rejecting this month's referendum which increases the powers
of Turkey's presidency. But defying authorities comes at a cost.
We met Abdul Rakman (ph) (inaudible) last week and he vowed to
fight the results. We later found out the police detained him. He has
since been released, but his lawyer says he was arrested for inciting
protests.
CAN ATALY, LAWYER: For walking people against the results of
the referendum is not a crime. This is about freedom of speech.
[15:25:12]LEE: Turkish authorities continue a crackdown on
oppositions rounding up tens of thousands of people since last July's
coup attempt.
ATALY: The coup d'etat a reason to eliminate all the opposition.
LEE: The government insists it's to protect Turkey's democracy, but
rights groups call it silencing political dissent. Protestors feel the
referendum which President Recep Tayyip Erdogan won by a razor
thin margin was stolen. The European monitors say it wasn't neither
free nor fair.
(on camera): There is a cloud of controversy surrounding this
referendum with allegations including 2.5 million suspicious votes,
nearly a thousand ballot boxes only had yes votes, and more than
2,000 ballot boxes had more votes than registered voters.
(voice-over): Independent election monitors say these could be
indicators of election fraud.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: All of these issues create doubts within
people's minds. We made a survey with our volunteers, they were
very doubtful about how the process worked out in accordance with
the legal framework on.
LEE: Erdogan dismisses the accusations saying the election is the
will of the people. So much at stake in a referendum that is poised to
reshape Turkey. Ian Lee, CNN, Istanbul.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
GORANI: Coming up next --
(VIDEO CLIP)
GORANI: There may be military threats and tension all round, but
dancing in the streets in North Korea's capital all part of the heavily
staged event. What is happening behind the fancy choreography? We
speak to an expert.
Plus flying under the radar for Russia to see, the U.S. sends its most
advanced jets to the Baltics. Our exclusive report ahead on the
program.
North Korea Carried Out Major Artillery Drill Tuesday; Trump Calls
For More Sanctions On North Korea; China And Russia Object To
31
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
U.S. Missile Defense System; White House Facing Questions After
Flynn Revelations; President Trump Signs New Executive Orders; May
Takes Last Leader's Questions Before Vote; Critics Accuse Turkey Of
Trying To Silence Dissent.
GORANI: President Donald Trump's cabinet secretaries are briefing the
entire U.S. Senate on the North Korea at the White House right now.
While in South Korea, parts of a controversial U.S. missile defense
systems are being rolled in to place obviously angering North Korea and
China.
CNN's Will Ripley has been reporting from North Korea's capital all
week. He's the only Western journalist there at the moment. Will spoke
to a North Korean veteran who was quick to dismiss any kind of threat
from America.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
WILL RIPLEY, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: The
approaching U.S. warships conjure memories for this North Korean
veteran. Senior Lieutenant Colonel Un Yong Il speaks to me in front of
the USS Pueblo, a U.S. Navy spy ship North Korea captured in 1968.
SR. LT. COL. UN YOUNG IL, NORTH KOREAN VETERAN: The
Pueblo reminds me of another boat traveling very near the Korean
waters, the Carl Vinson aircraft carrier. We are not afraid. Just like we
captured the Pueblo, we can sink that aircraft carrier.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
GORANI: All right, tough talk from North Korea. Let's get some
perspective, though, from a former high-level diplomat who advised
President Bill Clinton on North Korea. Philip Yun is now the executive
director of the Ploughshares Fund.
Thanks for joining us, Mr. Yun. First of all, let's put things in
perspective here. Are we or are we not close to some sort of open
conflict?
PHILIP YUN, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, PLOUGHSHARES FUND: I
would say not, but I am worried. Let me tell you what I'm not worried
about. I'm not worried about a preemptive strike by North Korea on
South Korea or the United States. That's because the threats works on
Korean Peninsula. North Korea knows that if it does something like that,
it would cease to exist.
I'm not as worried again about a U.S. preemptive strike on North Korea
because that would put Seoul in danger, a city of 3 million people, cause
tens of thousands of casualties. And the South Koreans don't want
anything like that.
What I am worried about is miscalculation. I'm worried you've got about
1.5 million soldiers running around in the middle of these military
exercises that are happening. A million North Koreans, 500,000 South
Koreans, et cetera.
And what happens is there have been occasions where there have been
exchange of fire across the DMZ. There's been naval clashes in the East
Sea, and there's been a missile that has gone off course. So what happens
if it hits the wrong thing?
GORANI: Yes.
YUN: And we also have the Carl Vinson. It wasn't there when it was
supposed to be. So mistakes happen. And this could escalate into an
accident of some kind before particularly making it worse.
GORANI: I was going to say it's mistakes. It's miscommunications. It's
misunderstandings potentially, as well. How is a Donald Trump
presidency changing things with North Korea, do you think?

Transcripts of Talk shows (CNN)
YUN: Well, I think it's made it much more volatile. We said from
very early on, after the second test in 2016, that these military
exercises between South Korea and the United States are going to be
much more robust.
Now, we have Donald Trump. So you have Kim Jong-un, relatively
experienced, unpredictable, aggressive. And you have Donald Trump
who, many argue, is very much the same way. And when you put
those two together in a heightened state of rhetoric and countries
threatening each other in a way that hasn't happened in quite some
time, that's a really bad mix.
And as I said, it's not going to happen for sure. But if something is
going to happen, it's going to happen during this period of time. We
got to guard against that.
GORANI: And what are all these drills and tests in North Korea
telling you about their real capability?
YUN: Well, right now, I think what they're doing are a couple of
things. One, internally, they're try doing these tests because it helps
the regime solidify their hold over leadership. I also think, externally,
it's messaging to United States and others that they are not going to
be intimidated.
And the third is that there is a military capability. They are trying,
eventually, to try to have a small nuclear arsenal that is capable of
hitting the United States. They have the capability in terms of
missiles to hit South Korea and Japan.
But let me be clear, they have not been able to make, at this point, a
nuclear tipped missile that could hit the United States at this point in
time.
GORANI: So, Philip, you've advised presidents on North Korea.
What in your opinion would de-escalate all this? Because it's getting
more and more tense.
YUN: Well, I would say, cut the rhetoric. And I would say that the
tweets that Donald Trump has been tweeting out have not been very
helpful. I would also say that you start to think about how you get an
off-ramp, and the off-ramp would be to slowly quietly start to have
some kind of discussions or dialogue -- I'm not talking about
necessarily negotiations - - and then go from there.
But the key right now is I would not send more carriers. I would cut
the tweets. And then let these military exercises complete
themselves, and then have the possibility of having a discussion at
some point later on.
GORANI: A discussion with North Korea directly?
YUN: I think a discussion with the North Koreans directly and a
dialogue. And it's not necessarily negotiations without pre-
conditions.
GORANI: All right, Philip Yun. Thanks very much. Look forward to
talking to you again very soon on this story.
Now, the Baltic States are growing increasingly nervous about
Russia's moves in the region. Now, the U.S. is sending its most
advanced fighter jets to train with NATO allies in Eastern Europe.
Frederik Pleitgen has this exclusive report.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
FREDERIK PLEITGEN, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL
CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): America's newest weapon, the F-
32
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
35, in the skies over Eastern Europe right where confrontations with
Russia frequently happen. CNN was given exclusive access to the U.S.
stealth combat jet's first ever forward deployment, training with allied air
forces, essential experience for the crews, a pilot tells me.
MAJ. BRYAN BLACKBURN, UNITED STATES AIR FORCE: We're
continuing to forward deploy and bolster our NATO allies. And so it's
just all about inter-cooperation and just bolstering the NATO alliance.
PLEITGEN (voice-over): We rode along on a tanker plane refueling the
F-35 as they transited to Estonia, a country right on the border with
Russia and worried about Moscow's aggressive posture in recent years.
PLEITGEN (on camera): With the deployment of the F-35, the U.S. is
sending a very clear message both to Russia but also to its partner
nations that it's willing to put its newest and most advance asset into this
area to make sure that its allies are safe.
PLEITGEN (voice-over): Russia's Air Force is increasingly flying
planes like the nuclear capable TU-95 bomber around this area. NATO
jets often scrambling to intercept them. President Trump has only
recently stopped calling the NATO alliance obsolete. Now, the F-35
deployment, another welcome sign of American commitment, Estonia's
Defense Minister tells me.
MARGUS TSAHKNA, MINISTER OF DEFENCE, ESTONIA: This is
very important, to send this message that this is the border of NATO.
This is the eastern border of our allies. We are ready to protect them.
PLEITGEN (voice-over): As part of this deployment, the F-35 crews get
to know this contested air space and practice cooperation with other
NATO air forces. As tensions with Moscow show no sign of easing, this
plane could become a staple of NATO's eastern fringe.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
GORANI: Fred Pleitgen joins me now. So I wonder why is this training
important? Is it more than symbolic?
PLEITGEN: It's definitely more than symbolic for these nations
involved there. I mean, for them it's very important for the U.S. to sort of
assure that they're still out there, to also show that it's committed to its
allies as well.
And then for the jet itself actually, believe it or not, it's quite important
as well. Obviously not for the plane itself, it can fly anywhere, but for
the pilot, for instance, to get to know the air traffic controllers there, the
systems, the way they work there. Because, obviously, in the end for
them, it's not just about getting up and getting airborne, they need to be
able to operate effectively in an area where they might need to react to
Russian planes, for instance, flying in there quickly are.
GORANI: But what about Russians? Obviously, they're not happy about
this. They don't like this type of thing on their doorstep because --
PLEITGEN: No, they certainly don't. And you know, the Russians have
been reacting not specifically to these events, but to other maneuvers
that have been going on.
They are accusing NATO of poisoning the atmosphere there at the
border, of militarizing the border region. Of course, NATO says the
same thing about the Russians putting troops in that region. So, right
now, it really seems as though sides are accusing each other of
provoking or sort of upping the ante with these new moves. Very
difficult to see how you can de-escalate that very quickly.
GORANI: But after Crimea, the Baltic States are petrified, aren't they?

Transcripts of Talk shows (CNN)
PLEITGEN: Oh, yes. Absolutely yes.
GORANI: Yes.
PLEITGEN: The Baltic States are absolutely petrified and they
certainly really enjoy moves like this. When I was talking to not just
the Estonian Defense Minister, but also some other troops there with
some other officials, and they want to see a commitment not just
from the U.S. but, of course, from other nations as well.
And it's interesting. The base that we were at is actually the one
where NATO flies air policing missions out of. So you had German
jet fighters there, some other jet fighters as well. And that's
something in this that's very, very important to them, to show that
solidarity.
GORANI: I'm sure they appreciate that presence. Thanks very much,
Fred Pleitgen, for that exclusive report.
To the French campaign. One factory in the north of France became
the scene of a political election campaign earlier. Emmanuel Macron
was across town meeting union representatives, I should say, when
Marine Le Pen appeared at the factory, which is at risk of closure.
Awkward.
Here's what she said to people protesting outside.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
MARINE LE PEN, PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE, FRANCE
(through translator): Emmanuel Macron is coming here, and he didn't
plan on meeting the employees or come into the picket line but was
going under protection to some room in the Chamber of Commerce
to meet two or three handpicked people.
I thought it was evidence of such disdain for what the Whirlpool
employees are going through that I decided to leave my campaign
meeting and come and see you.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
GORANI: Well, Macron then made an appearance at the factory, but
he got a very different reception. You can hear it there. He was
booed and jeered as protesters burned tires behind him. He said if Le
Pen was elected, the factory, that factory, he said, would close.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
EMMANUEL MACRON, PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE,
FRANCE (through translator): if Ms. Le Pen were elected, and I
would like everyone who lives and works in this region to know it, if
Ms. Le Pen were elected, this business would close, and I could cite
skins dozens of others. That's what makes me different, the approach
and the substance.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
GORANI: Well, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen, this
campaign certainly heating up. The second round on May 7th. Now,
there are new details suggesting hackers possibly linked to Russian
President Vladimir Putin are actually targeting Emmanuel Macron.
Cyber experts say the tactics are similar to those that Russia
allegedly used in the American presidential election. CNN's Brian
Todd has that story.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
33
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
BRIAN TODD, CNN ANCHOR (voice-over): New details of how
Vladimir Putin's elite hackers may have gone after the campaign of the
man who could be a close American ally, French presidential candidate
Emmanuel Macron.
Researches with the cybersecurity firm, Trend Micro, tell CNN the
hackers they exposed likely had to be working at least to pursue the
goals of the Russian president.
RIK FERGUSON, CYBERSECURITY EXPERT: The interests and
aims of the group align very closely with the interests and aims of the
Russian state, and taken as a whole, really don't align that closely with
anybody else.
TODD (voice-over): Trend Micro says it can't definitively linked the
cyberattacks against Macron's campaign to Putin. But the firms say the
hackers who targeted Macron's campaign, a group they call "Pawn
Storm," had the same fingerprints as hackers nicknamed "Fancy Bear."
That's the group which U.S. intelligence officials say targeted the
Democratic Party and is believed to be commanded by the GRU,
Russia's military intelligence agency.
FERGUSON: Whether they're called "Fancy Bear," whether they're
called "Pawn Storm," we're talking about the same, organized group and
the attacks bear all the same hallmarks.
TODD (voice-over): Officials from Macron's campaign tell CNN the
hackers tried to trick staffers with fake e-mails and other familiar
attacks. It wasn't just phishing and attacking the website, right?
BENJAMIN HADDAD, SPOKESPERSON FOR EMMANUEL
MACRON: No, absolutely. Russia clearly wanted to go after Emmanuel
Macron to support the other candidates who are in favor of a stronger
relation with Russia, who are pro-Putin, fascinated with Putin. So, you
know, we see fake news being disseminated on social media by Artsy
and Sputnik, which are Russian-owned outlets.
TODD (voice-over): But Macron campaign officials tell us no sensitive
data was stolen from them. Analysts say Putin wants to work against
Macron to tilt the election towards his favorite candidate, the far-right
populist Marine Le Pen, who wants to bring France out of NATO and
the E.U.
Now key questions about Putin's real involvement with his hacking
teams. Is he directing the hackers' moves? Experts say likely not, but the
President is not out of the loop either.
BEN JUDAH, AUTHOR, "FRAGILE EMPIRE": No major foreign
policy intervention, either a cyberattack into a foreign election or a
military expedition into a neighboring country would happen without
Putin's knowledge, permission, and say-so.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
TODD: Vladimir Putin denies trying to disrupt the French election and
his aides say that it's nonsense that Kremlin-backed hackers targeted the
Macron campaign. But analysts at Trend Micro tell us, there are
indications they've gotten that those same hackers went after other
entities that work against the Kremlin's interests, entities like NATO and
a think tank associated with Chancellor Angela Merkel's campaign in
Germany.
Brian Todd, CNN, Washington.
END

Transcripts of Talk shows (CNN)
FAREED ZAKARIA GPS
Topics to be covered in this talk shows are: Saving
Afghanistan; The Next 265 Days of the Trump
Presidency; China Launches Homemade Aircraft
Carrier.
FAREED ZAKARIA, CNN GPS HOST: This is GPS, the Global
Public Square. Welcome to all of you in the United States and
around the world. I'm Fareed Zakaria. Today on the show, Susan
Rice, President Obama's National Security Adviser on how the
Trump team is managing world affairs. North Korea, Russia, and
more, and she'll answer the White House's extraordinary accusations
against her. Also, the U.S. sets off what some call a trade war with
Canada.
DONALD TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES:
Canada has been very rough on the United States.
ZAKARIA: And the president fondest pulling out of NAFTA (North
America Free Trade Agreement) and then decides to stay in. I'll try
to make sense of it all with Canada's foreign minister Chrystia
Freeland. And forget the first hundred days. How about the next
265? To me the president's first year is the most important milestone.
A great group of scholars join me to discuss what we've seen and
what we can expect. But first here is my take. There are so many
unusual, unprecedented aspects of Donald Trump's first hundred
days in office that it's hard to know where to begin.
By his own yardstick of what he would do on day one, the number of
promises unfulfilled is staggering. But more striking than the policies
unfulfilled are those that have been reversed entirely. Never in the
annals of the presidency have there been so many flip- flops so fast
with so little explanation. Trump announced his many reversals
cavalierly as if he surely could not have been expected to know the
facts about them six months ago when he was running for president.
As he said in late February nobody knew health care could be so
complicated. I suspect that the next education will be in tax policy.
Trump's proposals outlined this week are breathtakingly
irresponsible. They would add trillions of dollars to the debt and are
not even designed for maximum stimulus impact. Abolishing the
estate tax, for example, which is paid by 0.002 percent of Americans
each year, would not cause a rush to the stores, but it would cost the
federal government $20 billion a year in lost revenues.
The larger education of Donald Trump and education one would
hope of his supporters is that government actually isn't easy. The
appeal of Trump for so many was that he was an outsider, a
businessman who would bring his commercial skills and
management acumen to the White House and get things done.
Washington's corrupt politicians and feckless bureaucrats would see
how a successful man from the real world cuts through the fog.
Instead we have watched the sheer incompetence of Trump's first
100 days. Executive orders that can't get through courts, bills that
collapse in congress, agencies that remain understaffed, ceaseless
infighting within the White House and the constant flip-flops. It
turns out that running a family-owned real estate franchising
operation is not really the same as presiding over the executive
branch of the United States Government. It turns out that government
is hard and complicated.
While there's plenty of corruption in Washington, the real reason so
little gets done these days is that the American people have wildly
contradictory desires. For example, they want unlimited amounts of
34
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
health care, don't want to be denied such care because they're sick at the
preexisting conditions and yet expect that costs should plummet. They
want government out of their lives but revolt at the prospect of any slight
cuts to its largest programs, Medicare, Social Security, or the removal of
tax benefits for health care and home mortgages.
This condition has been building for years. In a 1995 book, Michael
Kinsly explained what he saw as the roots of the then raging populist
anger at Washington that Newt Gingrich had exploited with his contract
with America. He wrote, "[American voters] make flagrantly
incompatible demands - cut my taxes, preserve my benefits, balance the
budget -- then explode in self-righteous outrage when the politicians fail
to deliver."
He titled the book Big Babies in honor of the American people and he
opened it by quoting Alexis de Tocqueville. "The French under the old
monarchy held it for a maxim that the king could do no wrong and if he
did do wrong the blame was imputed to his advisers... The Americans
entertain the same opinion with respect to the majority." Let's hope that
the greatest education of the Trump Presidency will be that Americans
come to realize that Washington is dysfunctional not because of the
venality of the politicians alone but rather because of the desires of the
people they represent.
For more, go to cnn.com/fareed and read my Washington Post column
this week. And let's get started. Let's get right into my conversation with
Susan Rice. She was of course President Obama's Ambassador to the
United Nations before becoming his National Security Adviser. Susan
Rice, welcome back to the show.
SUSAN RICE, 24TH UNITED STATES NATIONAL SECURITY
ADVISOR: It's good to be with you, Fareed. Thank you.
ZAKARIA: So let me ask you first, Donald Trump now says he thinks
there is a chance of a major, major military conflict with North Korea.
Do you think this is a bluff, or is he signaling that the United States
could actually go to war?
RICE: Well, what I hope he is doing, Fareed, and it's hard to know
exactly what he is doing, I hope he is just giving an assessment of the
fact that that remains a risk, albeit hopefully not a high risk of direct
conflict. He did say in the same statement that he very much hopes for a
diplomatic solution. North Korea is obviously one of the very toughest
and most pressing problems we face, and we've seen a lot of bellicose
rhetoric out of the administration, but after a considered policy review, it
seems that their policy course that they've chosen is much the same as it
has been for several years.
We need to maintain the economic pressure and the sanctions on North
Korea and ratchet that the sanctions regime up to the greatest extent
possible, which is what Secretary Tillerson I think was trying to convey
in the Security Council on Friday. We need to enlist the Chinese to the
greatest extent possible to exercise their leverage and influence. That's
something we've been working on for many years, and it's something
that President Trump has, I think, correctly emphasized as an
appropriate course.
We need to reassure and secure our allies, particularly South Korea and
Japan, who feel most directly threatened by North Korea. And they are -
- I'm concerned frankly that we're hearing very mixed messages. On the
one hand, a message that South Korea's security is something that we
will stand up to defend, and on the other hand, the president in the same
interview that you quoted from, said that we must renegotiate the Free
Trade Agreement with Korea and that the South Koreans must pay for

Transcripts of Talk shows (CNN)
the missile defense, the THAAD system, that we are installing,
which was not the deal.
The deal was they would provide the land and the installation and we
would provide the system and its operations. So this has created,
along with the miscue on the aircraft carrier, a great deal of unease in
South Korea at a time when we ought to be providing reassurance.
ZAKARIA: One of the elements of fallout from Russia's attempt to
influence the American election was that there was -- there was
certain amount of intelligence work being done on Russia, our
intelligence agencies were listening to what Russian government
officials or Russian intelligence officials were saying. Donald Trump
has accused you of trying to unmask the Americans on the other end
of those conversations in an attempt to implicate the Trump
campaign or people associated with Trump in some kind of collusion
with Russia. What is your reaction to that? It's an extraordinary
charge by the President of the United States.
RICE: Well, Fareed, it's absolutely false. I've addressed this
previously. I think now we've had subsequently members of congress
on the intelligence committees on both sides of the aisle take a look
at the information that apparently was the basis for Chairman Nunes'
concern and say publicly that they didn't see anything that was
unusual or untoward. I did my job which was to protect the
American people and I did it faithfully and to the best of my ability.
And never did I do anything that was untoward with respect to the
intelligence I received.
ZAKARIA: One more question about this. The administration now
says that it is the Obama Administration's fault that Michael Flynn
got through unvetted or not vetted enough, that it was on your watch
that he was -- he retained his top secret security clearance despite the
fact that he received money from the Russians. What are you saying?
RICE: Fareed, I'm smiling because that's rich. Let me explain how
the process works. First of all, a former military officer such as
General Flynn who wants to retain his security clearance would go
through a process with his home agency, in this case, the Defense
Intelligence Agency, to have his clearance reviewed and renewed.
That happens at, you know, a very routine level, never at a political
level.
But that's a very separate thing, the renewal of a clearance from the
vetting that goes into the appointment of any senior White House
official or any senior administration official. The Trump
Administration, like, it's -- every previous administration, had an
expectation and an obligation to vet, to their satisfaction, those
individuals that the president was appointing to high positions, which
is a separate and much more elaborate process than a security
clearance. It gets into the financial information. It gets into your
relationships and contacts. It gets into your behavior. It's a -- it's a --
it's a much deeper vet than what is done solely for the purpose of a
security clearance.
ZAKARIA: But do -- you do see the point of what they're doing,
which is every time there is some accusation, there is a counter
accusation which in a sense throws up a lot of smoke and seems to
be effective.
RICE: I noticed that.
ZAKARIA: Did you bring --
RICE: Yes. Fareed, yes. Much of this seems to be an effort to
distract and deflect from perhaps their own short comings or from
the larger issue that I think all Americans are very concerned about
which is what did Russia do in its process of intervening and
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Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
manipulating the U.S. election in 2016, why did they do it, and with
whom did they do it. And was there any suggestion of or evidence of
coordination or collusion.
This has to be dealt with responsibly, thoroughly and on a bipartisan
basis as a threat to our very institutions and democracy. And to the
extent that we are not united and approaching this in a bipartisan
fashion, we are enabling our adversaries like Russia to exploit our
divisions, and it's very, very dangerous.
ZAKARIA: Let me ask you a general question about Trump foreign
policy so far. How would you characterize it?
RICE: Well, I think obviously, Fareed, it's only been just about a
hundred days, so it's early days, but I would say that in many respects it's
been unsteady and rocky. And by that I would point particularly to the
fact that a number of our closest friends and allies are feeling uncertain,
off balance, unclear as to where we stand and what we mean. The United
States, Fareed, is supposed to be the grownup at the dinner table.
We're not supposed to be the crazy aunt in the attic that nobody knows
what is going to do next. That may -- that unpredictability may be useful
to somebody like Kim Jong-un in North Korea. It's not the way the
United States is supposed to act, and I think our allies have been off
balance and uncertain in a way that doesn't serve our interests. We've
also had very mixed signals sent. The words coming out of the
administration, even on the same day by multiple officials on
consequential issues, like our position on Syria, for example, are often at
odds, and I think it leaves the world uncertain as to what we mean.
And then finally, I'd point to the fact that very unfortunately, many of
the most important jobs in our national security apparatus remain
unfilled and not even just unfilled but no people selected to serve in
those roles, whether in the State Department or the Defense Department
and many other places. And that means that we are dealing with a
complex and complicated world with less than all of our cylinders firing.
And that's unfortunate and it needs, too, to be rectified.
So I think there are many aspects of what has transpired that we need to
do better on. I hope we will do better on. I think some of the shifts in
policy, as I suggested earlier, have moved us in a better direction. Now
we are recognizing and supporting our NATO allies as critical, not
obsolete. We haven't upended our very complex and important
relationship with China by embracing Taiwan and jettisoning the one
China policy. We are -- we are seeing some writing of some important
policy courses, but in a very rocky and unsteady and I think unstable
way.
ZAKARIA: Susan rice, always a pleasure to have you on.
RICE: It's good to be with you again. Thanks so much.
ZAKARIA: Next on GPS, the Trump Administration was accused this
week of trying to start a trade war with Canada, of all countries. I will
talk to Canada's Foreign Minister soon.
It was a rather extraordinary week in North American relations. It all
started on Monday when the Trump Administration slapped its first
tariffs on imports from another nation, Canada. Commerce Secretary
Wilbur Ross accused Canada of bad acts and said, "It's been a bad week
for U.S.-Canada trade relations," but helpfully offered that he wouldn't
regard the Canada situation as being anything like the war with ISIS.
Oh, good.
Then on Wednesday morning sources told CNN that the White House
was considering withdrawing from NAFTA. But Thursday morning,
Trump tweeted, "I received calls from the President of Mexico and the
Prime Minister of Canada asking to renegotiate NAFTA rather than

Transcripts of Talk shows (CNN)
terminate." He said he had agreed, but if a fair deal wasn't reached,
he would pull out. What's at stake and what's going on? Oh, just $1.2
trillion in trade. Joining me now is Canada's Foreign Minister and in
her prior life as a journalist, a frequent GPS guest, Chrystia Freeland,
welcome back to the show, madam foreign minister.
CHRYSTIA FREELAND, CANADA'S MINISTER OF FOREIGN
AFFAIRS: Great to be with you, Fareed. It's a real pleasure.
ZAKARIA: So first, were you given any advanced notice of the
decision to slap those tariffs on Canada? FREELAND: Yes,
absolutely, we were. It's important, Fareed, on the soft wood lumber
dispute to get this in historical perspective and in perspective in
terms of the overall trading relationship. Soft wood lumber is
something that Canada and the United States have been talking about
since the 1880s, so this is not a new discussion between Canada and
the United States. It's very familiar. It's also -- soft wood lumber is
just 2 percent of Canada's overall exports to the United States.
Now, in this particular issue, I have to respectfully say we think the
administration is completely wrong. We think those duties are
punitive and unfair. In all of the previous disputes, Canada has won
at every single international tribunal. We've won at the WTO. We've
won at NAFTA. And with hat's even more important, Fareed, and
here I'm going to quote the Wall Street Journal known as I think a
conservative publication quite friendly to the Trump Administration,
they called this tariffs on Canadian lumber a housing tax in an
editorial this week and they warned this these tariffs were going to
hurt the very middle class voters that supported this administration.
I couldn't agree more, and so I really hope that we can come to a
quick and amicable resolution on this. You guys need our lumber to
build your houses, and we want to keep selling it to you.
ZAKARIA: All right. Now on that phone call between Justin
Trudeau and Donald Trump, what did Prime Minister Trudeau say to
Donald Trump to convince him not to pull out of NAFTA?
FREELAND: Well, the prime minister and the president have a
really strong, mutually respectful relationship. I was there at our
bilateral meeting in the White House on -- in February, and I have to
say the two really got along. I think what the prime minister said is,
you know, he really pointed out the extent to which the Canada- U.S.
economic relationship is one of the best economic relationships in
the world. It's a real win-win relationship.
What many Americans don't always fully appreciate is Canada is the
single biggest customer of the United States. You know, Fareed, you
devote a lot of time on your show to China, quite rightly, but the
United States sells almost twice as much to Canada as it to -- as it
does to China and what I think the prime minister is he really pointed
out to the president, we have a great relationship, let's not let a
couple of irritants get in the way.
And what he also said which has been the position of our
government from day one is we are ready to sit down at the NAFTA
negotiating table any time. We -- by our count, we've made nearly a
dozen modifications to NAFTA since it first came into force, and we
absolutely agree this agreement could be modernized and made
better, more appropriate for the 21st century, so let's roll up our
sleeves and do it.
The holdup actually right now is in the United States because the
TPA process means we need to take -- you need -- the Americans
need to take a little bit of time before they join us at the table. But
we're ready to go. And I do want to say to the president and to the
U.S. Administration, we're really glad you made the right decision. I
36
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
was glad to see the president saying that he believes we can get a great
deal. I believe that too. And we're ready to start talking.
ZAKARIA: Now for our What in the World segment. On Friday, April
21st, Taliban insurgence dressed as Afghan soldiers, maneuvered their
way into a military base near Mazar-i-Sharif and killed as many as 140
unarmed Afghan soldiers who had been praying at a mosque. A few
weeks earlier on February 9th, the top U.S. Commander in Afghanistan,
General John W. Nicholson, told congress that the U.S. needs a few
thousand more troops in Afghanistan. That's on top of the 8,400
American troops that are already there.
Haven't we heard this before? Send more troops, drop bigger bombs? Is
that the answer? According to several studies, as of 2016 the United
States has spent almost $800 billion in Afghanistan. And more than
2,200 Americans have lost their lives fighting on Afghan soil. And yet,
there doesn't seem to be much to show for all that. According to the U.S.
Inspector General, the Afghan government has been steadily losing
ground to the Taliban since 2015. By November of last year, the
government control just 57 percent of Afghanistan while the Taliban
control or contested 43 percent of the country.
Afghanistan, nicknamed "the graveyard of empires," has often bedeviled
foreign military interventions. Alexander the Great was nearly killed
there. The British were defeated and exiled almost 100 years ago and the
Soviets saw many thousands of their troops killed by the Mujahideen
before they too withdrew in defeat in 1989.
In 2014 President Obama declared that the combat mission in
Afghanistan would come to a "responsible end." American forces
returned home with just a token force remaining behind. But since then,
a revitalized Taliban and Al Qaida have found safe havens in
neighboring Pakistan, where they've launched military and insurgency
operations against the Afghan government, which is largely seen as
corrupt and mired in tribal conflicts.
The noted regional expert Barnett Rubin writes in a recent essay that the
United States now faces three choices.
American forces can leave Afghanistan entirely. In all likelihood, the
Afghan government would quickly collapse and the Taliban would once
again seize power.
Or the United States can maintain an open-ended military commitment
in Afghanistan. That seems to be what we're creeping toward now, with
American troops engaged in a prolonged, unwinnable stalemate with the
Taliban.
But a third choice would have the Trump administration focus not on
sending in more troops and dropping huge bombs but rather on bringing
peace to Afghanistan through diplomacy with its neighbors. These
regional players, China, Russia, India, Pakistan and even Iran, are all
developing strong economic and political ties with each other. Each has
reasons to see Afghanistan stabilize and prosper. In this scenario, the
United States supports the democratically
elected government of President Ashraf Ghani, allowing him to
negotiate from a position of strength with his neighbors and with the
Taliban, which does find support from the Pashtun majority of the
country.
The secretary of defense, James Mattis, once remarked that, if funding
for diplomacy was cut, "then I'll have to buy more ammunition."
The truth is all the bullets in the world won't solve the problem in
Afghanistan, but some creative diplomacy just might.

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Thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. I will
see you next week.
Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
 I. Freedom of Expression & Its Limitations
( By AHARON BARAK)
Presentation of the Problem
“I disapprove of what you say, but I'll defend to the death your right to
say it.” said Voltaire, John Stuart Mill, in his essay, On Liberty, added:
“If all mankind minus one were of one opinion, mankind would be no
more justified in silencing that one person than he, if he had the power,
would be justified in silencing mankind." These and other thinkers, as
well as many democratic countries who were influenced by them,
including Israel established freedom of expression as a preeminent
“supra-right." Justice Shimon Agranat regarded freedom of expression
as the "heart and soul" of democracy and said that it holds 'a place of
honor in the palace of the fundamental rights of man: What is this
right, and what makes it central to our Iives? Most importantly what
limitations on this right are justified and proper in a democratic
society?
What is Freedom of Expression?
Freedom of expression is type of right to liberty. It is the freedom of a
person to make his opinion heard and to hear the opinion of his fellow
man without being obligated to do so. To realize this liberty, the law
provides those who hold it with additional rights derived from it.
Among these are the right to receive information and the right to
respond to information. From these follow the tight to know the
contents of coalition agreements. The right to demonstrate and the
right of assembly are derived from freedom of expression. The right to
read and write books and newspapers, as well as to see and write plays
and films, are also included in it. So is the right riot to make something
heard, that is, the right to be silent. Indeed, freedom of expression is
not a single, monolithic right. It is a constellation of rights. At the
center of this constellation is the freedom to make oneself heard and to
hear; surrounding it are other rights that aim to realize and protect this
freedom. Freedom of expression and the rights derived from it form a
comprehensive and intricate system of interlocking arrangements that
sustain one another and, when put in practice, consolidate the tradition
of freedom of expression in the legal system.
The Justifications Underlying Freedom of Expression
What is the rationale and underlying explanation for freedom of
expression? It seems that freedom of expression does not have a single
justification, but many different justifications. In this lies a great
blessing. Freedom of expression comprises a complex system of
intertwined liberties and rights. This complex system cannot be
covered by a single explanation. Various arguments reflecting its
different aspects are necessary to justify freedom of expression. Only
in this way can the full scope of this freedom be expressed. The
vindication of freedom of expression is complex and many-layered
indeed. There is the freedom of the individual to realize himself. to
form a worldview and an opinion by giving flight to his spirit, creative
and receptive, which breaks out of the heart's confines, spreads its
wings and sets thoughts free. It is the freedom of the individual and the
community to illuminate the truth through free and unending struggle
between truth and falsity. It is the freedom of society's members to
exchange opinions and views in a spirit of tolerance, without fear, with
respect for the autonomy of every individual, and to persuade one
another in order to strengthen, secure and develop the democratic
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Weekly Analysis May 4th
regime. Some of these justifications are utilitarian; others are not some
focus on the individual and his happiness. Others focus on the
community and the defense of its values. Essentially, the justifications
revolve mound three arguments.
The first argument bases itself on the desire to reveal the truth
Freedom of expression must be ensured to enable different outlooks
and ideas to compete with one another. From such competition and not
from the official dictate of a single "truth" shall truth arise, as truth
will ultimately be victorious in the struggle of ideas. When all is
disclosed and all is revealed, truth will win out over falsity. The light
of day is the best purifier, and the light of the lamp is the best
policeman. The test of truth is not in governmental power
accompanying it, but rather in its internal power to persuade.
The way to confront falsity is not in silencing it, but in publicizing it
and educating the public. Falsity is defeated by revealing it, not by
suppressing it The remedy is not restricting expression, but
augmenting it. To this end it is crucial to guarantee freedom of
expression, for without expression there is no persuasion, and without
persuasion there is no confrontation, and without confrontation there is
a danger that the truth will not come to light.
The second argument is routed in the need to facilitate personal
self-realization. Only by guaranteeing freedom of expression is it
possible to bring about such self-realization. Without allowing the
freedom to hear and to make oneself heard, to write and to read, to
express oneself or to be silent. the human personality is crippled, as its
spiritual and intellectual development is based on the ability to
formulate a view of the world freely. Freedom of expression is a
crucial component of such self-realization It is a need not only of the
speaker but of the listener as well. This argument relates freedom of
expression to human dignity and other liberties such as freedom of
conscience and religion. But it also sets freedom of expression apart.
By his nature, man realizes himself by expressing himself.
The third argument roots freedom of expression in democratic rule.
Freedom of expression is a vital precondition for the existence and
development of a democratic regime. It ensures the public exchange of
opinions and thus enables the populace to form positions regarding
issues on the national agenda. In this manner it is possible to mould the
government, to supervise it and to change it. If the argument regarding
revealing the truth aims to disclose the truth, the argument regarding
democracy aims to involve the whole public in this truth, so that it can
direct the future of society. The free exchange of information, opinions
and views aimed at mutual persuasion is a vital condition for the
existence of democratic rule. Only in this manner is it possible to
guarantee that each individual in society will receive the information
he needs in order to make decisions on matters of government and the
regime. This free flow of opinions enables orderly change in
government. Without freedom of expression, democracy loses its
spirit. Justice Landau rightly stated.
A government that assumes the authority to determine what is good for
the citizen to know will ultimately determine what is good for the
citizen to think, and there is no greater contradiction than this of a true
democracy, which cannot be -guided- from above.

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But over and above this, freedom of expression contributes to social
stability. Freedom of expression allows social tension to be expressed
verbally, not physically. Social passions are vented peacefully, through
words, not violently. Society, which is sometimes complacent and
does not foresee evil, prepares itself for what may come by the right to
free expression, for it is aware of the dangers that free expression
beings out into the open.
The argument about democracy illuminates the connection between
freedom of expression and social tolerance. Democratic rule is based
upon tolerance. This means tolerance of the acts and opinions of
others. It is also tolerance of intolerance. In a pluralistic society like
ours, tolerance is the force that unites us and makes communal life
possible. Freedom of expression increases tolerance and strengthens
democracy.
The relationship between democratic risk and freedom of expression is
two-sided. Addressing this issue, Justice Meir Shamgar has said:
Freedom of expression is a primary consequence of democracy and
one of its central characteristics. Even so, the very insanitation of
democracy is conditional from time to rime upon freedom of
expression actually existing, and from this standpoint democracy is a
consequence of granting liberties and protecting them. In the final
analysis, true democracy and freedom of expression are one.
Freedom of expression breathes life into democratic sale. Similarly,
democracy lends vitality to freedom of expression. There is an
inseparable connection, then, between freedom of expression and
democracy.
The Scope of Free Expression and its Protection
I have desk with the justifications for freedom of explosion. Against
this background, the following two questions arise: First, what is the
scope of freedom of expression? That is, what is the range of matters it
encompasses, and which matters are perceived as outside of it? This
question aims at delimiting the range of matters covered by the
principle of free expression. It grapples with the question: What is
"expression" in the context of this fundamental value? For example,
does freedom of expression extend to racist expression? Or, rather,
does the racist content of a speech remove it from the ambit of free
expression?
The second question is, what is the scope of protection that the law
gives to those expressions included in freedom of expression? This
question aims at determining whether the protection given to speech is
absolute or relative, and if it is relative, what its standards are.
The first query is internal in that it examines the internal nature of
freedom of expression and the range of matters included in it. The
second query is external, as it looks at the relation between freedom of
expression and other freedoms, and at the degree of protection that the
law gives to freedom of expression. For example, freedom of
expression encompasses defamatory statements, but the law protects
such speech only if it is made in good faith.
I shall begin with the question of the scope of free expression, and
will move on afterwards to the degree of protection that this freedom
enjoys.
The Scope of Freedom of Expression
The principle of freedom of expression extends to all forms of
expression. It includes all known forms of expression: books, films
and performances; written and oral expression, whatever the medium;
and expression by actions as well as by words. A procession, a silent
vigil, burning a flag and erecting a sculpture all fall within the realm of
expression to which the principle of free expression applies.
Does the principle of free expression apply to the contents of all
expression? My answer to this question is in the affirmative. Freedom
of expression extends to all expression, whether the content is
political, literary, commercial or otherwise. Justice Ammo dealt with
this question in the Kol Ha-AM case, stating:
“Here, for the purpose of this examination of truth, the principled the
right to het expression serves as a means and an instrument, inasmuch
as only by the clarification of "all' views and the free exchange of "all"
opinions is that 'truth" likely to become apparent.”
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Weekly Analysis May 4th
Freedom of expression thus extends to both conventional and
anomalous opinions to views that people like to hear and to those that
are infuriating and deviant. Freedom of expression is not only the
freedom to express things calmly and pleasantly. It is also the freedom
to raise a shrill outcry. It is the freedom to express an opinion in a
manner that is, in the words of Justice Brennan of the United States
Supreme Court, "uninhibited, robust and wide-open." Even expression
having "an indecent spread of erotica, politics and aberrations of all
sorts" falls into the framework of free expression. Speech that involves
injury to religious feelings or contains abominations is also covered by
freedom of expression.
Is speech of a racist character covered by the principle of free
expression? May it not be said that the racist content of the speech
removes it from the domain of free expression? One might argue,
along this line, that while freedom of expression is defined by the
desire to reveal the troth, racism is founded upon a lie, and can
contribute nothing to the clarification of the truth. If so, then we
neither need nor support the self-fulfillment of the false prophet. The
democratic argument, too, can be used to support the removal of racist
speech from the realm of free expression, as racist speech harms the
democratic order.
In my opinion, these considerations are nor dispositive, and reflect an
incomplete understanding of the justification for freedom of
expression. Racism is indeed founded upon a lie, but this truth will
come to light only through the free contest of ideas and opinions. By
confronting the falsity of racism in the open realm of opinions and
ideas, racism will be exposed in all its ugliness, and human equality
and dignity will be augmented and strengthened. It is not the truth of
racism that justifies the freedom to express it; rather, it is the free
contest of opinions and views to expose the lie that justifies this
freedom. The weakness of racism is its inherent falsity, which is laid
bare precisely in the free competition of opinions and ideas. Even the
self-realization argument supports this approach, for to realise
ourselves we must listen to, learn from and be aware of racist opinions
as well. Only in this manner will we know how to fight them. This
outcome is also supported by the democratic argument. By exchanging
opinions and views, the public will be able to take • stand on the racist
point of view and bring about its elimination or curtailment through
political struggle based on tolerance that is characteristic of a
democratic society. Democracy will emerge strengthened from this
struggle against racism.
Does freedom of expression also extend to defamatory speech? In my
opinion, the answer to this question is also in the affirmative.
Defamatory speech is also covered by the principle of free expression.
Defamatory speech expresses the self-realization of the publisher and
his readers. The truth is that which arises from the free exchange of
opinions and views and not from the suppression (self-imposed or
external) of this or that speech. The free exchange of opinions alone
makes the existence and consolidation of democratic rule possible.
Thus, the underlying reasons for freedom of expression justify, in my
opinion, an expansive approach to its scope of application. From this it
does not follow that all speech that is covered by the principle of
freedom of expression is defended to its full extent in a democratic
society. I have already noted that the internal scope of freedom of
speech is distinguished from the external protection given to it. The
cars of defamatory speech is a good example of this distinction
between the scope of free expression and the degree of protection it is
accorded. While defamatory speech falls within the realm of free
expression, other values must also be taken into account, such as an
individual's reputation. Thus, there is no justification for total
protection of defamatory publication, and certainly not for a
defamatory publication that is untrue. Protection of publication is the
result of a balance between the value of free expression and those of
personal reputation and individual dignity. It follows that examining
the scope of free expression is only one side of the coin. The other side
involves examining the protection that ought to be given to freedom of
expression, and the cases in which speech that comes under the
principle of free expression ought not be protected. That is. we must

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examine the limitations that ought to be imposed on freedom of
expression.
The Protection of Freedom of Expression
Freedom of expression is a central value for the individual and for
society. But it is not the only value, nor the most important. There are
other central and important values, such as human life and dignity.
Shall we allow for any freedom of expression that harms life and
dignity? Moreover, organized society, and the state, exist for the sake
of realizing human rights and promoting national objective. Ensuring
the existence, wholeness, security and peace of the state necessitates
restrictions on freedom of expression. Shall we allow freedom for all
expression that harms the States most closely guarded secrets, or that
may lead to a perversion of justice, or to riots?
The accepted approach in all legal systems is that freedom of
expression is not absolute. It is only a relative freedom. We distinguish
between freedom and licentiousness. For example, the rights of
assembly and procession ate not unlimited. They are relative, not
absolute liberties. My right to hold an assembly or • procession does
not mean that I may alight onto my neighbor's property without his
consent, or that I am entitled to cause violence and a breach of public
order. As with other liberties, here coo one must balance the desire of
the individual, or individuals, to express their views by way of
assembly and procession, against the desire of the individual to
safeguard his peace and property and the public's desire to protect
public order and security. Without order there is no liberty. Freedom
of assembly does not mean the breakdown of public order; freedom of
procession dues not mean the freedom to run riot. Every democratic
society has the right not to protect freedom of expression to the full
extent. Every enlightened regime has a duty to limit certain forms of
self-expression. Voltaire's dictum, "I disapprove of what you say, but
Ell defend to the death your right to say it? is not precise. I am not
obligated to defend with my life your right to utter words that will lead
to my death. Democracy is not obligated to commit suicide in order to
prove its vitality.
Balancing
Thus, the central problem confronting us is this: Under which
circumstances, and by what standards, is it permissible in • society that
respects human rights and establishes freedom of expression as a
central and pre-eminent right, to limit freedom of expression? There is
no general answer to this question. It all depends on the values,
interests and principles with which freedom of expression conflicts.
Thus, there are situations in which freedom of expression is out limited
at all, and is implemented to its full extent This is when there are no
values or interests that justify restricting freedom of expression. When
values and principles justifying a limitation upon free expression do
exist, a conflict is created that makes it necessary to straw a balance
with regard to the restrictions upon freedom of expression and those
upon the other value in conflict with it. Since Justice Agranat's
monumental judgment in the Kol Ha-Am case, we accept that the
balancing shall be principled and not ad hoc We must determine a
"rational principle: in Justice Agranat's words, that will constitute, as
Justice Shams= put it, a "standard that carries within it a value-
guidelines, avoiding any "casual paternalistic standard that a person
will not be able to appraise in advance" This standard balances the
different conflicting values according to their weight, and establishes
the principled -balancing formula?
The expressions "balancing" and “weigh” are metaphors, of course.
Underlying them is the understanding that not all principles are equally
important in the eyes of society, and that when legislative guidance is
lacking, the mutt must appraise the relative social importance of the
different principles just as there is no man without his shadow, there is
no principle without its weight. Establishing a balance on the basis of
weight means to give a social estimate of the relative importance of the
different principles. It is only natural that the balance changes from
case to case, according to the nature of the conflicting values. Thus, a
uniform standard must not be adopted; rather, varying standards
should be adopted, according to the weight of the conflicting values.
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Weekly Analysis May 4th
The points of equipoise vary according TO the substance and character
of the conflicting values.
A helpful distinction, in this context, is that between two types of
restrictions on freedom of expression. The first type involves
limitations on freedom of expression necessitated by the form of
communication, without any connection to its content. Every legal
system seeks to create a balance between the manner in which free
expression is actualized (regardless of the content of the expression
itself) and other values that are impaired as a result of the realization
of free expression. An example of this type of restriction may be found
in the laws limiting the freedom to demonstrate on account of
impairment of freedom of movement. These limitations are not
directed at the content of the message that the demonstration seeks to
express, but rather at the manner in which the message is voiced. The
manner may impair freedom of movement, and therefore the two must
be balanced.
The second type of limitation on freedom of expression is rooted in the
content of the expression itself. In this class of cases, the content of the
expression leads to consequences that could harm democratic society.
The legal system strikes a balance between the value of freedom of
expression and the values impaired by free expression Examples of
this type of limitation may be found in defamation law, criminal law
regarding abominable material and the sub judicial rule.
Censorship, too, is included in this type of prohibition, as the purpose
of censorship it to defend the public from the harmful content of the
expression itself. Limitations on racist expression are also included in
this type of restriction, as it is nor the form of the expression but its
content that harms other interests and values worthy of protection.
Sometimes both types of restrictions may be found in a given situation
When demonstrators seek to march in the main street of a city, and the
message they seek to deliver is racist, the need may well arise to
restrict freedom of expression both because of disturbance to
movement fa restriction unconnected to content) and disturbance to
public order (which is related to content). We will deal briefly with
each of these two types of limitations.
Communicative Restrictions Unrelated to Content
Restrictions in this type of case are not directed against the content of
the expression, but rather against the manner in which it is expressed.
Demonstrators who use loudspeakers and distribute flyers may disturb
their neighbors work or rest, or may sully the environment, regardless
of the message they seek to publicize. While a society that gives
priority to freedom of expression most allow expression even in
circumstances that cause a disturbance and infringe upon other values,
still, freedom of expression is not the only value, and it must be
balanced against other values worthy of protection. Society is not
organized on an all-or-nothing principle, but on give and take and on
balance between different values.
It seems to me that restrictions imposed on the time, place and manner
of the expression must allow sufficient breathing space for freedom of
expression, and must not substantially impair it. Thus, holding a
demonstration in the main streets of a city should be allowed, even if it
disturbs traffic, by setting limits on the tune and manner of the
demonstration. Just as my right to demonstrate in a city street is
limited by the right of my fellow to free passage in that street, so the
right of my fellow to move about in a city street is limited by my right
to hold an assembly or procession. Reads and thoroughfares are
intended for pedestrian and vehicle traffic, but this is not their only
purpose. They are also intended for processions, matches, funerals and
other such events. In this regard, of course, there is a distinction
between restrictions on freedom of expression in public places and
those in private or quasi-public plates, such as shopping centers.
Content-Related Restrictions
Another type of restriction is that related to the content of the
expression. From the standpoint of the form of communication, this
type of expression does not harm other values that merit protection.
However, from the standpoint of content, it harms security, public
order or public sentiment, judicial integrity, human dignity or other
values that every democratic society strives to protect. What is the

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proper balance, in this case? Intrinsically, there is no single point of
balance, as the values that are in conflict with freedom of expression
are not all alike. A conflict between the content of an expression and
state security and public order is not the same as a conflict between the
content of an expression and human dignity. And neither of them are
the same as conflict between the content of an expression and judicial
integrity. We must fashion, then, different principled standards that
take account of the diversity of values that conflict with freedom of
expression.
Take the case in which the conflicting interests are freedom of
expression, on the one hand, and state security or public order, on the
other. The point of departure is that, 10 the extent that this conflict is
frontal and unavoidable, the values of security and public order take
precedence_ The reason for this is that democracy needs to exist so
that it can realize itself. The democratic regime is prepared to defend
freedom of expression so long as freedom of expression defends
democracy. But when freedom of expression becomes an axe with
which to injure democracy, there is no justification for democracy to
bare its neck to the blade. A constitution is not a blueprint for suicide,
and civil rights are not a platform for national self-annihilation. A
person cannot enjoy freedom of expression if he does not enjoy the
freedom to live in the society of his choice. The right to life in society
precedes the right to express an opinion in it.
The balancing formula in the conflict between state security or public
order and freedom of expression thus presumes the realization of the
value regarding state security. At the same time, because of the
centrality of freedom of expression, the balancing formula seeks to
curtail this basic value as little as possible. Only if the abridgement of
freedom of expression is crucial in order to maintain the value of state
security and public order will such curtailment be permitted.
In this context, the Israel Supreme Court has addressed two principal
questions. First, what is the degree of injury to state security or public
order that may justify abridging freedom of expression? Second, what
is the degree of probability that the injury to state security or public
order will occur if freedom of expression is not restricted?
The answer given by the Supreme Court to these two questions is this:
Freedom of expression gives way to state security and public order
only if the injury to state security and public order is severe, serious
and grave, and only if there is a proximate certainty that the realization
of free expression will bring about this injury. Thus, the Minister of
Interior may prohibit the appearance of a newspaper on account of
something published in it that is likely to harm public order only if this
harm is serious, and only if it is nearly certain Similarly, the Chief
Military Censor may prevent publication of news ankle only if it is
proximately certain that publication of the article will lead to grave
injury to state security. The Censor of Films and Plays used to be
entitled to rescind a permit for screening a film or staging a play only
if it was almost certain to cause serious and severe injury to public
order. The Police Commissioner may prevent granting a permit for a
demonstration for fear of injury to the demonstrators due to the
message of their demonstration, only if it u proximately certain that
serious injury to public order will occur. In all these OM, alternative
means that may prevent the near certainty of serious danger without
impairing freedom of expression must be examined. Thus, if a hostile
crowd threatens the demonstrators, the first step must be to disperse
the crowd, not to prevent the demonstration. Prohibiting the
demonstration must be done as a last resort, not as a first step.
Moreover, whenever possible, it is preferable to examine the legality
of the expression after it mats rather than before it occurs. Examination
before the occurrence tends to freeze expression; examination after the
occurrence tends merely to cool it clown. Cooling is preferable to
freezing.
Injury to public sentiment may also constitute a severe, serious and
grave injury. A society based on social pluralism must allow the
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exchange of opinion, even if doing so may hurt the feelings of some.
Indeed, the very nature of the democratic regime involves a certain
level of exposure to public criticism that injures the feelings of
members of the public. But severe, serious and grave injury that
justifies restriction of free expression refers to injury that exceeds the
limit of endurance in a democratic Society. Simply expressing an
opinion on a controversial public issue (historical religious, social or
otherwise) is permitted. However, there will be exceptional and rare
instances in which the content of such expressions will constitute a
severe, seams and grave injury to the public's feelings. These instances
will shake the foundations of mutual tolerance. A Nazi procession in a
Jewish settlement, a racist, anti-Arab procession in an Arab settlement,
or a procession of pigs in a religious Jewish settlement are examples of
crossing the threshold of tolerance in a democratic society, and justify
prohibiting the expression because of its content.
Even the possibility of a severe, serious and grave injury to security or
public order does not justify an abridgement of free expression. There
must be near-certainty that injury will occur. A mete possibility, or
even a reasonable possibility, that the injury will be realized is
insufficient. The realization of the danger must be seen as a near-
certainty. This illustrates the great weight that we give to freedom of
expression. With that, there is no need to show that the realization of
the danger is a clear certainty, nor that it is immediate. It is enough to
show that the realization of the danger is a near-certainty.
This approach, arguably, involves a compromise of principles. The
cynic might say that this approach defends freedom of expression only
so long as it is not sufficiently effective. I do DX agree with this
criticism. As we have seen, freedom of expression is not the only value
that must be defended in a democratic society. Inevitably, a
compromise is necessary to balance various interests. Compromise is
not a sign of weakness. It is a vital condition for tolerance and
collective life. A democratic society founded on pluralism and
tolerance must base itself upon compromise and not on obstinacy.
Conclusion
Freedom of expression is a complex value. We cannot do without it,
but we cannot manage with this value alone. It raises difficult
problems for every democratic society. Ought we to defend racist
speech, and if so, to what extent? Is a democratic society obliged to
allow anti-Semitic or pornographic speech? I have dealt with these
problems from a number of perspectives.
Is the Israeli solution, as reflected in legislation and in judicial
decisions, satisfactory? There are many aspects that I have not touched
upon. Is the freedom of expression of an individual who wants to voice
his opinion on a street corner similar to the freedom of expression of a
mass-circulation newspaper or a television station? Does freedom of
expression not call for certain obligations, in particular fairness,
competence and professional ethics? Does freedom of expression not
impose a duty upon a newspaper editor to publish opinions with which
he disagrees and which may even hurt the newspaper's circulation?
The enlightened public is likely to disagree on these and other
questions. Answering them imposes a special responsibility upon the
courts. This responsibility is twofold: first, the responsibility to arrive
at solutions that will be consistent with what Justice Menahem Ekm
has called the "over-sour of the legal system, that is, the fundamental
values and ankles of faith of our law; and second, the responsibility of
consistent application of fundamental understandings, without which
everything that is ordained at the normative level will be lost in the
real world. The court must examine not only the law but also the deed;
nor merely the rhetoric but also the practice. "The principles that the
court has stressed in the past," Justice Gabriel Bach has remarked,
"must not serve solely as an ideological banner for the outside world;
they must also guide us in our day-to-day decisions in practice."
Would that we will meet this weighty responsibility? (Source: jstor)

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II. Restrictions on Freedom of Expression
Introduction
The freedom of expression, universally acknowledged as both a
fundamental and foundational human right, is not only the cornerstone
of democracy, but indispensable to a thriving civil society. Indeed, the
freedom of expression is considered the “foundational human right of
the greatest importance.”
The right to freedom of expression is protected by a multitude of
regional and international treaties, charters, and frameworks.
According to Article 19(2) of the International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights (ICCPR), a formally binding legal treaty ratified by
165 nations that echoes in key respects the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights (UDHR):
“Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right
shall include the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and
ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in
print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice.”
The freedom of expression is characterized by six key features:
• It applies to “everyone” equally without distinction of any kind
whatsoever; distinctions based on “race, colour, sex, language,
religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property,
birth or other status” are entirely irrelevant to its application.6
• Its geographical scope is unlimited; it applies “regardless of
frontiers.”
• Its substantive scope, while not unlimited, is broad; it encompasses
“information and ideas of all kinds.”7
• It includes the rights to both “receive and impart information and
ideas”; the rights of both listeners and speakers, and observers and
demonstrators are equally protected.
• It imposes a positive obligation on signatories to the ICCPR; states
are obligated to “take the necessary steps” to ensure its protection,
including adopting “laws or other measures as may be necessary” and
providing “an effective remedy” to those whose freedom of expression
has been violated.
• The manner in which expressions are disseminated is unlimited; it
protects the right to impart one’s ideas using “any” form of “media of
his choice.” The freedom of expression, while expansive, is not
absolute and can, in certain narrow circumstances, be restricted.
According to Article 19(3) of the ICCPR:
[The freedom of expression] carries with it special duties and
responsibilities. It may therefore be subject to certain restrictions, but
these shall only be such as are provided by law and are necessary:
(a) For respect of the rights or reputation of others;
(b) For the protection of national security or of public order (ordre
public), or of public health or morals.
As interpreted, any limitation on the right to freedom of expression
must meet a strict threepart test:
“It must be provided by law, which is clear and accessible to
everyone; • It must pursue one of the specific purposes set
out in Article 19(3) of the ICCPR; and • It must be necessary
and the least restrictive means required to achieve its
purported aim.”
The state actor or entity imposing a limitation on free expression bears
the burden of satisfying each of the three requirements. To satisfy the
first requirement, the law or regulation, which should be formally
adopted by law-making authorities, must be sufficiently clear and
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Weekly Analysis May 4th
precise; vague or unclear provisions will not suffice. To meet the
second requirement, only two narrowly specified “aims” will be
considered, namely those — and only those — outlined in Article
19(3): “national security or public order,” or “public health or morals.”
This limited list of aims is designed to ensure that laws or regulations
interfering with the freedom of expression be kept to a minimum, and
passed for only certain narrowly tailored, justifiable reasons.
Even when justified by one of the two permissible ‘aims’ stated above,
such laws/regulations must be accompanied by adequate safeguards to
ensure against interpretive abuse or disproportionate application,
including the opportunity to challenge and remedy any unjustified
restrictions. Finally, the third requirement for “necessity” requires that
there be a “pressing” or “substantial” need for the restriction, that the
restriction be “rationally connected” to a legitimate interest at stake,
and that it be the “least intrusive measure” available. The necessity
prong has proven particularly difficult for states to satisfy; in the vast
majority of cases where international courts have invalidated a
restriction on the right to freedom of expression, it has been on this
basis.
It is important to note that in many instances restrictions on the right to
freedom of expression are compatible with international and national,
including constitutional, laws. Laws prohibiting contempt of court,
voter intimidation, and child pornography, for example, are widely
recognized as permissible restrictions on free expression. Just as a
thriving civil society depends on an active, expressive citizenry, so too
does it depend on certain legal protections ensuring that expressive
activity not harm others.
Restrictions on the Right to Freedom of Expression
Examples of states imposing restrictions on the right to freedom of
expression in violation of international law have been growing in
recent years. This issue of Global Trends will examine existing laws
that appear to unlawfully restrict the freedom of expression. These
laws fall into six categories, which include: •
 Laws criminalizing national betrayal
 Laws preventing extremism and terrorism
 Laws regulating the media
 Laws governing information and communications
technology (ICT), including the Internet
 Laws prohibiting defamation and libel
 Laws restricting specific categories of content
After a brief introduction of each category, a series of illustrative
examples will be offered, highlighting the ways in which freedom of
expression has been legislatively narrowed in recent years.
Laws Criminalizing National Betrayal
In recent years, regimes have used laws criminalizing sedition,
espionage, treason, and similar acts, to effectively silence criticism
against the state, often targeting journalists, activists, bloggers, and
protesters. These types of laws tend to be vulnerable to governmental
abuse absent clear legal protections ensuring the right to peacefully
demonstrate and vocalize one’s dissent against government policies
and actors. •
Burma/Myanmar: In 2014, five journalists were arrested and charged
with violating the country’s State Secrets Act of 1923, among other
laws, for publishing a story on a suspected chemical weapons factory.
All copies of the article were confiscated and the five were not

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released pending trial, which is ongoing. If convicted, the journalists
face up to fourteen years in prison. •
Egypt: In 2014, military authorities used an espionage law, and other
similar laws, to arrest, charge and prosecute critics of the military. One
such critic was internationally respected and renowned scholar Emad
Shahin, who was charged with conspiring with foreign organizations
to harm Egyptian national interests after openly criticizing the
military’s ouster of President Morsi.18 Another was Amr Hamzawy, a
prominent Egyptian political scientist and former lawmaker, who was
charged with insulting the judiciary for questioning a ruling against a
group of Western nonprofit organizations. And a third was Egyptian
filmmaker Hossam al-Meneai, who was also arrested and charged with
spreading “false names and endangering the stability of the nation”
after being caught with footage that was considered sympathetic to the
Muslim Brotherhood. •
Malaysia: In the summer of 2014 there was a marked increase in the
number of sedition charges filed, despite promises made by the Prime
Minister in 2012 to repeal the Sedition Act. Adopted by the British
colonial government in 1948, the Sedition Act criminalizes “seditious
tendencies” that cause “hatred or contempt, or excite disaffection”
against the government or its ruler, as well as “seditious” speech
questioning the special privileges of the Malay people. Sedition is held
to a strict liability standard, making the speaker’s intentions irrelevant
to any defense, and those convicted face up to three years in prison and
up to $1,500 in fines. This law has been used in recent times to charge
a high-profile professor and commentator, among others, with sedition
for making critical comments about government acts. The professor
was charged based on a quote from an online article describing the
collapse of an opposition state government in 2009 as “legally wrong”
and resulting from a “secret meeting.”
• Russia: In 2013, in response to mass opposition protests in
2010-2011, the Criminal Code was amended to expand the definitions
of treason and espionage, which now include “providing financial,
technical, advisory or other assistance to a foreign state or
international organization… directed at harming Russia’s security.”
The expanded law also considers ‘treason’ to include passing
information on to foreign and international organizations if the
organization plans to use it to harm Russia’s national security interests.
Under the law, a person convicted of ‘high treason’ faces up to twenty
years imprisonment. Human rights activists around the world decried
these changes to the
law as “directly threaten[ing to] the exercise of protected fundamental
rights” and as so “vague as to enable the government to brand a critic
as a traitor.” Those closely monitoring events in Russia have noted that
the new law “is clearly having a chilling
effect on freedom of expression and the right to freedom of
association.” For example, human rights observers noted that in the
lead-up to the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics, much of the Russian news
media failed to report on sensitive issues, such as the exploitation of
migrant workers or environmental destruction, creating an
“information
vacuum.”26 Fearful of the series of restrictive laws, including the
treason law, adopted following Putin’s return to power in May 2012,
members of the media chose to instead present a sanitized, non-
threatening version of events.
Laws Preventing Extremism & Terrorism
Because of the heightened danger and fear associated with acts of
terrorism, counterterrorism legislation often allows state authorities to
bypass typically required legal procedures, suspend otherwise
guaranteed individual rights, and in general, to act with reduced
judicial oversight. On grounds of necessity and efficiency, and in the
name of national security, state officials are often given wide
discretion to fight terrorism using any means available. As a result,
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Weekly Analysis May 4th
counterterrorism legislation is especially vulnerable to governmental
overreach. In the absence of strict legal safeguards and clear guidelines
within the law, such laws can be, and have been, exploited by state
authorities to silence legitimate dissent.
• Egypt: In 2014, three Al Jazeera English journalists were
sentenced to between seven and ten years each for aiding a “terrorist
organization,” referring to the banned Muslim Brotherhood, and
endangering Egyptian national security. The prosecution accused the
three of producing false news reports, which helped the Brotherhood
to spread “lies”
harmful to national security. At least seventeen other journalists and
opposition figures face similar charges related to the same case. Two
other co-defendants in the case, a Dutch woman and two British
citizens, were sentenced to ten years in absentia on the same charge of
aiding a “terrorist group.” Media organizations around the world took
part in a global day of protest commemorating the three Al Jazeera
journalists’ 100 day in prison while awaiting trial. In addition, five
different television channels were shut down, one affiliated with the
Muslim Brotherhood and the others
affiliated with Salafist groups, for either being a “terrorist
movement,” aiding a terrorist movement, or sympathizing with
terrorist movements.41 According to one often cited estimate, more
than 41,000 were arrested in the period between the July 3, 2013
coup overthrowing President Morsi and May 15, 2014, with nearly
36,500 of those detained during political events, and 3,048 arrested
for being members of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was declared a
terrorist organization following Morsi’s ouster. Another 1,714 were
detained or indicted during this same period specifically for terrorism
and terrorism-related offenses.
India: The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act 2008,
passed shortly after the November 26 Mumbai attacks that led to the
death or injury of almost 500 individuals, has been used by the
government, in conjunction with India’s other counterterrorism and
sedition laws, to target political opponents, tribal groups, and religious
and ethnic minorities. Among those targeted include members of Kabir
Kala Manch, a cultural group of singers, poets, performers, and artists,
accused of promoting Maoism and of being members of a “terrorist
organization.”
United Kingdom: A 2006 counterterrorism law criminalizes any
public statements that encourage acts of terrorism, including
statements that glorify specific terrorist acts, even if the individual or
group making the statement did not actually intend to encourage
terrorism. The law also broadly defines terrorism to include action
taken to advance any ‘political, religious, racial or ideological’ cause
designed to influence the government of any country or international
organization or to intimate any member of the public anywhere in the
world. In 2009, the British police were accused of misusing this and
other counterterrorism related laws in an effort to quash otherwise
peaceful protests. A one-year inquiry was launched, resulting in a 70-
page report produced by the joint committee on human rights detailing
evidence of abuse of police powers under the Terrorism Act.
Laws Regulating the Media
An independent and uncensored press, which is critical to informing
public opinion, is considered a cornerstone of democratic society and
essential to ensuring the freedom of
expression. Governments around the globe have attempted to control
the media and its ability to influence public opinion using a variety of
laws. By adopting legislation creating regulatory boards, oversight
commissions, journalistic codes of conduct, and other means of media
control, governments have used and manipulated existing laws to
weaken the media’s watchdog capabilities.
• Burma/Myanmar: In 2014, Parliament approved the
Printers and Publishers Registration Bill, which grants the ministry the

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power to unilaterally withhold or revoke publishing licenses and
contains vague language banning reports that “incite unrest,” “insult
religion,” and “violate the Constitution.” Fines for violations range
from $100-$500.
• Thailand: Following the declaration of martial law by the
Thai army on May 19, 2014, government orders suspended normal
programming on radio, cable TV and satellite stations and the military
ensured that only re-runs of military-approved programs were
broadcast. At the same time, TV programs were prohibited from
presenting the opinions of viewers through call-ins or text messages.
Moreover, foreign reporters, including those from CNN, Fox, CCTV,
CNBC, and Bloomberg, were asked to stop their reporting. CNN
resumed its regular reporting on May 25, but under an agreement with
the military not to interview any academics for their opinions or to
present any information that could create disunity in Thailand.
China: In order to publish content of any kind and in any medium,
individuals are required to first obtain a license, permit, or other
official authorization. Regulations
adopted in 2001 give the government direct control over the amount,
structure, distribution, and coordination of all publishing in the
country. For example, anyone wishing to transmit news and to engage
in other news publishing activities must first obtain the permission of
the press and publication administration agency. Another regulation
allows non-news “units” to promulgate official government news at
the federal or local level, but prohibits them from posting news from
their own or other non-governmental sources. More recently, a July
2014 directive requires mainland journalists to sign a secrecy
agreement with their employers before obtaining a press pass; the
agreement prohibits journalists from releasing information from
interviews, press conferences or other events without first obtaining
their employers’ consent.
• Cuba: Considered to have among the most restrictive laws
on free speech and press freedom in the Americas, the Cuban
constitution allows “free speech” only if “in keeping with the
objectives of a socialist society.” It also requires that “the press, radio,
television, cinema, and other mass media never be private property,”
but instead only “social property” owned and operated exclusively by
the state.
Laws Governing ICT, Including the Internet
The Internet and new information communication technologies (ICTs),
which are now an integral part of everyday life for many individuals
worldwide, have massively expanded the ways in which people impart
and receive information, and the channels through which expression
and the receipt of information can occur. Despite the fact that the UN
Human Rights Committee has specifically stated that the right to
freedom of expression includes all forms of electronic and Internet-
based modes of expression, restrictions on ICTs, including the
Internet, are on the rise, particularly legal restrictions that attempt to
closely control the flow of information online.
• Turkey: In 2014, Turkish officials blocked access to Twitter
and YouTube after a series of leaks on social media sites helped to fuel
a corruption scandal implicating Prime
Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and top officials in his government.
Coming on the eve of local elections, the Turkish government claimed
that both Internet sites were threats to Turkish national security,
relying on controversial new amendments to Turkey’s Internet law that
took effect in 2014. The amendments expand the government’s
censorship powers by enabling authorities, without court order, to
block access to websites based on the subjective allegation that a
posting violates an individual’s private life. Prime Minster Erdogan,
who had repeatedly threatened to block popular Internet sites in the
wake of the 2013-14 Gezi Park protests, is on record as referring to
social media as “the worst menace to society.”
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Weekly Analysis May 4th
• Russia: In 2014, a law took effect granting the government
broad powers to blacklist and block websites containing “extremist”
content, calling for mass riots or participation in unsanctioned public
gatherings, or publishing content otherwise harmful to public health,
morals or safety. This law has been used to shut down various
websites and blogs viewed as threatening, particularly those related to
rising tensions in Ukraine, including platforms used by key opposition
leaders.
• Brazil: In 2013, a Brazilian Court issued an order against a
protester banning him from demonstrating within a block of the
construction site of a new property development, and from posting
references to the developer on his Facebook page. The community
activist was accused of engaging in activity “slanderous and offensive
against a private initiative,” and threatened with a $5,000 fine for each
infraction if he continued his
physical and online protests. The order was later upheld by the Court
of Justice in the State of São Paulo.
• Singapore: In 2013, onerous new Internet regulations were
announced, requiring sites “that report regularly on issues relating to
Singapore and have significant reach” among local readers to apply for
individual licenses, which are subject to annual review and renewal, to
post a hefty “performance bond” of nearly $40,000, and to remove any
objectionable content within 24 hours upon receiving a government
order. These new regulations add to existing regulations that impose
strict limits on material deemed objectionable on grounds of morality,
security, public interest, and social harmony.
• Iran: Following the contested 2009 presidential elections
that inspired wide-scale demonstrations and were partially organized
through social media sites, the Iranian government heavily censored
the Internet, allowing only certain sites and certain information to be
viewed. Among the sites blocked were Facebook, Twitter and
YouTube, which have continued to be blocked sporadically. Many
Iranians complain that key sites allowing communication with
individuals outside the country, such as Gmail and Skype, are often
blocked as well. Iran now has its own national Internet network, which
many have dubbed the “halal Internet,” a highly censored, higher
speed government-run Internet that monitors the web activity of all
users and makes it increasingly burdensome to use the regular Internet.
• India: In 2008, the Information Technology Amendment Act
(an amended version of the Information Technology Act of 2000) was
hurriedly passed after the November Mumbai attacks. The Act
imposes an up to three-year prison term for posting “offensive
messages” online, including messages that are “grossly offensive,”
have a “menacing character,” or cause “annoyance or inconvenience,”
among other such reasons. The Act requires Internet intermediaries,
which include social networking sites, not to host, display, upload,
modify, publish, transmit, update or share any information that is
harmful, objectionable, affects minors, or is unlawful in any way.
Laws Prohibiting Defamation and Libel
Defamation and libel laws are designed to protect the public reputation
of individuals by sanctioning the dissemination of false statements of
fact damaging to an individual’s reputation. Defamation and libel laws
are a widely accepted exception to the right to freedom of expression
so long as they are limited to restricting a narrow category of speech
and do not impose criminal sanctions or disproportionate civil
penalties. In many parts of the world, however, defamation and libel
laws are used to prevent open public debate and legitimate criticism of
official wrongdoing. Indeed, according to a recent report, “criminal
libel is among the top three laws used to imprison journalists,” and not
only in countries with poor human rights records and weak rule of law,
but in at least forty-seven state signatories to the European Convention
on Human Rights.
• Kyrgyz Republic: In 2014, a new “False Accusation Law”
was passed, making intentional defamation a criminal offense

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punishable by up to three years in prison. According to human rights
activists, the prohibition against publishing “false information”
contained in the law lends itself to abuse and arbitrary enforcement.
This marked a backwards step for the Republic, as libel/defamation
was decriminalized in 2011.
• Pakistan: In 2014, Pakistan’s most viewed TV channel, Geo
News, was shut down by the government’s media regulatory authority
(PEMRA) after being accused of “false” and “scandalous” reporting,
and specifically, defaming the Inter-Services Intelligence agency by
accusing its chief of attacking a leading journalist in 2014. It was
suspended for 15 days and fined over $100,000.
• Sri Lanka: By May 2014, the state-run Telecommunications
Regulatory Commission blocked two news websites
(www.srilankamirror.com and www.theindependent.lk), which
brought the total number of blocked websites to eight; each was
known for being critical of the government. In 2012, police similarly
raided and closed two news websites, including
www.sriklankamirror.com, and arrested nine people including eight
journalists on charges of defaming the President and reporting news in
an “incorrect and vulgar manner.” They were later released but their
computers were confiscated.
Laws Restricting Specific Content
Governments have enacted legislation banning, and in some instances
criminalizing, entire categories of speech. These laws typically involve
overly broad bans on alarming or prejudicial statements, such as words
that incite violence or considered ‘hate speech.’ In other cases, these
proscriptions restrict the content of expression related to certain topics
such as homosexuality, which has been the source of increased
legislative attention in recent years in various parts of the world.
Without safeguards in place, such laws violate the right to freedom of
expression, which, according to the Human Rights Committee,
protects not only valuable speech, but “deeply offensive” speech as
well.
• Nigeria: The Same Sex Marriage Prohibition Act, signed
into law in 2014, not only criminalizes acts of intimacy with members
of the same sex, but also the witnessing, aiding, or showing (whether
directly or indirectly) of same sex “amorous relationship[s].”
Moreover, anyone who “supports the registration, operation and
sustenance of gay clubs, societies, organizations, processions or
meetings” is subject to ten years imprisonment.
• Pakistan: In recent years, Pakistan has witnessed a splurge
in charges, convictions and death sentences for violations of their
colonial-era blasphemy laws, which impose “mandatory death” for
anyone convicted of defiling, whether directly or indirectly, the name
of the Prophet Muhammad. A life sentence is imposed for those
convicted of willfully desecrating the Quran. In 2014, death sentences
were given to a Christian woman accused of insulting the Prophet and
an allegedly mentally unstable man for
writing offensive statements about Islam on walls. Also in 2014, sixty-
eight lawyers were charged with blasphemy for protesting police
brutality, during which the lawyers were accused of defiling the name
of one of the Prophet’s companions. If convicted, the men face up to
three years in prison.
• Russia: In 2013, the Russian State Duma, in a vote of 436 to
0 with one abstention, approved a bill banning all “propaganda of non-
traditional sexual relationships” among minors. The bill makes it
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Weekly Analysis May 4th
illegal to equate heterosexual and homosexual relationships, to
distribute material on homosexual rights, and to promote “non-
traditional relations.” It introduces hefty fines for individuals and
media groups found guilty of violating the
law, and authorizes special fines and deportation orders for foreigners.
On the same day this law was passed, the Duma passed a separate law
criminalizing “public actions expressing clear disrespect for society
and committed with the goal of offending religious feelings of the
faithful,” punishable with jail terms of up to three years and hefty
fines. This law, which was passed in response to the band Pussy Riot’s
public performances, also criminalizes public desecration of religious
objects or books. Members of Pussy Riot were convicted of
“hooliganism motivated by religious hatred” and sentenced to two
years in prison after a peaceful, yet provocative, political performance
in a Moscow church.
• Malaysia: Part IV of the Printing Presses and Publications
Act 1984 discusses the “control of undesirable publications,” and
authorizes the government to prohibit the printing, importation,
production, or publishing of any material that is “in any manner
prejudicial to or likely to be prejudicial to public order, morality,
security,” is likely to “alarm public opinion,” or likely “to be contrary
to the law or is otherwise prejudicial to or is likely to be prejudicial to”
public or national interest. This law was amended in 2012, repealing a
provision that required all publishers and printing firms to obtain an
annual operating permit, but retaining most of the other restrictive
measures, including the home minister’s authority to suspend or
revoke publishing licenses. In 2013, the Home Affairs Ministry
suspended a weekly magazine, The Heat, for allegedly violating the
terms of its publishing license, and seized copies of two different
opposition party newspapers for breach of permit conditions.
• Conclusion
As can be seen from the lengthy list of examples cited above, which
includes only a small sample of the universe of examples available, the
law has been used in numerous ways to restrict the freedom of
expression around the world. These restrictions cross all cultural,
religious, political, and national boundaries, appearing in every
geographical region and invoked by every type of regime. From the
United Kingdom to Burma, from democracies to traditionally
authoritarian states, almost all nations and almost every type of civil
society actor has experienced or witnessed the tide of restrictions
aimed at narrowing the freedom of expression seen in recent years.
• A number of creative and modern initiatives designed to
strengthen the right to free expression have been launched in recent
years. The Freedom of the Press Foundation uses crowd-sourcing to
fund journalistic organizations focused specifically on pushing for
transparency and accountability in places where freedom of expression
is most restricted. The Index on Censorship offers annual “Freedom of
Expression Awards” to those voted as the world’s most remarkable
fighters for free expression. The Committee to Protect Journalists has
launched the “Critics are not Criminals” campaign to push for the
decriminalization of defamation around the world. The Witness project
supports and trains activists around the globe to use cell phone videos
to expose human rights abuses, including restrictions on free
expression; and the MacArthur Foundation recently distributed nearly
ten million dollars in grants for innovative projects seeking to defend
free expression. These initiatives and many others provide hope for a
future where the inviolability of the right to freedom of expression is
respected by all and reflected in all national legislation. (Source: ICNL
Organization).

Research
Solved Past
Articles
Papersfor CSS Essay Topics
2017
Solved Past Papers
Solved MCQs of CSS Compulsory Papers 2016
MCQs of CSS Current Affairs Paper 2016
1. Umm ul Masakeen is the title of? Hazrat Zainab
2. Longest Surah of Quran? Al-Baqrah
3. Jewish tribe expelled from madina after Badr? Banu
Qaynuqa
4. Longest Ayat of holy quran is in which Surah? Surah
Baqara
5. Book ISLAMI NIZAM written by: Sayyid At ull h
Ḥusainī
6. Sassanid family ruled by? Iran
7. RAOON means? Pious
8. No of people in 2nd Hijrah to Habsha? 101
9. Marhab was killed by? Hazrat Ali
10. Queen Saba was the ruler of? Yamen
11. Inventor of Dark room Ibn al haytham
12. Battle of khandak was fought when? 5 AH
13. Who is called the son of 2 zabihah? Muhammad
(PBUH)
14. Youm ul Furqan was which ghazwa? Badr
15. Invention of Umar Khayam? Calendar
16. Sahah-e-satta is? Hadith
17. Faith of reincarnation is found in? Hinduism
18. Secondary Source of Islamic law is? Ijma
19. Journey of Miraj happened in? 10
20. The word "BAHEEJ" means? Beautiful
MCQs of CSS Pakistan Affairs Paper 2016
1. Mughal ruler contemporary to Queen Elizabeth? Jalal-
ud-din Akbar
2. First head master of Dar ul uloom Deoband? Maulana
Qasim Ali Nanotvi
3. Author of Spirit of Islam: Syed Ameer Ali
4. Ruling party in Punjab after 1937 elections: Unionist
Party
5. Book "the last Mughal" written by: William Dalrymple
6. "We have learnt nothing from History" authored by:
Asghar Ali khan (r) Air Marshal.
7. Foundation stone of Islamiya College Peshawar laid by:
Sir George Roos-Keppel
8. Quaid e Azam solar park is in: Bahawalpur
9. Swami Dyanat Saravasti movement launched by: Arya
Samaj
10. Purpose of 21st amendment: military courts
11. Book Gold and Guns published in 1945, was banned in
1947 in NWFP by: Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan
12. Most important offer by muslims in Dehli proposals
45
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
Weekly Analysis May 4th
was: giving up separate electorate demand
13. Why Simon commission failed: it was led by foreigners
14. Who helped Liaqat Ali khan to make objectives
resolution:Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani
15. Why is Tarbelas storage capacity lessening? Sediment
deposition
16. Which charismatic Bengali leader was PM of Pak?
Suhrawardy
17. Which infamous law was passed by Lord Dalhousie?
Doctrine of lapse
18. Who was Pakistan's first law Minister and interim head of
the constituent assembly? Jogindar Nath Mandal
19. Pirpur report: Investigation into congress ministry
20. 1970 election held under: LFO (Legal Framework Order.
MCQs of CSS Current Affairs Paper 2016
1. Order of rising sun is highest award of which country?
Japan
2. Old name of Sri Lanka? ceylon
3. When is Nelson Mandela day? July 18
4. Obama is US president? 44th
5. Largest arm importer of 2014? Saudia arabia
7. First secretary general of UN was? Trygve lei
8. Headquarter of Freedom House NGO is in? Washington d.c
9. Headquarter of ICJ is in? hague
10. Pakistan sent its first satellite with the collaboration of
china in 1990 was? Al-badr
11. Reconstruction of religious thoughts in Islam book by:
Allama Iiqbal
12. Largest democracy is? India
13. National anthem composed by? Ahmed Ghulam Chagla
15. Kala Bagh dam is yet not constructed due to? Political
conflict
16. Fifth international recognized mode of payment: currency?
Yuan
17. President of Asian infrastructure investment bank? Jin
Liqun
18. India china military exercise in OCT-2015 took place at?
Kumming (yunan province)
19. Largest democracy is? India
20. Headquarter of ICJ? Hague
MCQs of CSS English Composition & Precis Paper 2016
Synonyms:
1. Nabob : Bigiwig
2. Pall : Satiate
3. Sacrosanct: Sacred
4. Louche: Indecent
5. Stentorian: Loud

Solved Past Papers
6. Loquacious: talkative
7. Chimera: Illusion
8. Temerity: Stupid
9. Propinquity: nearness
10. Vociferous: Strident
Antonyms:
1. Germane: irrelevant
2. Fatuous: sensible
3. Sapient:
PMS General Knowledge Paper 2015
1. Which US Ambassador killed with Zia: Raphael
2. Who is the Foreign Minister of Pakistan: Nawaz Sharif
3. Which Vegetable has the most Potassium: Spinach
4. What is the qualification of Mahathir Mohamad: Medical
Doctor
5. From which University Sartaj Aziz Graduate: Harvard
6. What is the name of the Treaty for formulation of
European Union: Maastricht
7. What is name of Operation for the killing of Osama bin
Laden: Neptune Spear
8. What is the capital name of Kosovo: Pristina
9. Maslow theory of needs for which purpose: Motivation
10. Who said that Man is a Political Animal: Aristotle
11. What is the name of grassland of Argentina: Pampas
12. From Which U Thant belongs to: Burma
13. Who share the disputed with UK on Falkland Island:
Argentina
14. Which district has the least population in Punjab:
Rajanpur
15. Which UNO org has the all the member countries:
General Assembly
16. Which Greenhouse gas has most heat: Corbon dioxide
17. Who is the Auditor general of Pakistan: Haq Nawaz
18. How many Divisions of Punjab: 9
19. When India first time test the atom bomb: 1974
20. Who is the ex-foreign minister of India: Salman
Khurshid
21. Princess Zeb un Nisa's Father: Aurangzeb
22. Pedagogy is the study of : teaching
23. 5 cars attached bumper to bumper, how many bumpers
are connected : 8
24. A person standing in a queue at place six from both
sides, how many total persons in the queue : 11
25. A couple has 7 daughters and each daughter has one
brother, how many total they are: 10
26. Maj shabbir sharif shaheed got which military award
other than nishan e haider: Sitar e Jurat
27. Sharmeen obaid oscar winning documentary movie:
Saving face (& A Girl in the River)
28. Q & A Writer of slumdog millionaire: Vikas Swarup
29. Most illegaly traded animal: Pangolin
30. Drama serial "Waris" written by: Amjad Islam Amjad
31. Secretary General of UN in 1953-54: Dag
Hammarskjöld
32. Reshma, folk singer died in: 3 November, 2013
33. Facebook started in: 2004
34. Old name of Zimbabwe: Southern Rhodesia
46
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
4. Mutational
5. Impecunious
6. Irascible : placid
7. Approbate : condemn
8. Supercilious: meek
9. Quiescent: active
10. Sartorial: cheerful
35. Original name of Santosh Kumar: Syed Musa Raza
36. where is Lal Sohanra Park: Bahawalpur
37. bleaching powder formula? : Calcium hypochlorite
38. When ship travels from fresh water to the ocean or sea:
rises
39. 1 hectare is equal to how many acres: 2.47
40. Gas to liquid conversion: Condensation
41. Baglihar dam is constructed on river: Chenab
42. Diphtheria disease is related to: Throat
43. Epistemology deals with: Knowledge
44. Ustad Allah Baksh a famous painter: Belgium
45. Kamran bradari is made by kamran who is: Son of Babur,
brother of Humayun
46. Headquarter of African union is: Addis Abbaba
47. The clash of civilization is written by: Huntington
48. Deosai national park is situated in: Gilgit Baltistan
49. Term of 21st amendment is approved for: 2 years
50. Abdul Sattar Edhi got Lenin prize: 1988
51. Previous Heart of Asia conference was held at: Beijing
52. Son of Ranjit Singh who was crowned at the age of 5
years: Duleep Singh
53. Odd one out of: RAM, ROM, Cache, HDD: ROM
54. Yeast contains: Fungi
55. When was first Nobel Prize awarded: 1901
56. Detroit company in USA is famous for: automobile
57. Mustafa zaidi by profession was: Civil Servant
58. Gohar Ayub khan’s military rank: Captain
59. Indian Nuclear Test in: 1974
60. Name of the king who came to India for first time for
darbaar: George V
61. HDI (Human Development Index was developed by:
Mehboob ul Haq
62. Usain bolt belongs to? Jamaica
63. Fourth issue raised by Nawaz Sharif in UN assembly:
Withdrawal from Siachen
64. When did pak and india composite talks start: 1997
(Originally in 1985)
65. First woman president of the UN: Vijaya Lakshmi Pundit
66. Pacemaker: regulates heart beat
67. Gibraltar connects: Mediterranean with Pacific
68. UNESCO Headquarter: Paris
69. COP 20 held in: Lima
70. Constitution of Pakistan article 257 when the people of the
State of Jammu and Kashmir decide to accede to Pakistan, the
relationship between Pakistan and the State shall be
determined in accordance with the wishes of the people of that
State.

Solved Past Papers
71. What is zero-sum Game Theory: In Game theory and
economic theory, a zero-sum game is a mathematical
representation of a situation in which each participant's gain
(or loss) of utility is exactly balanced by the losses (or
gains) of the utility of the other participant(s).
72. LED: light emitting diode
73. GT road: Grand Trunk
74. Tower of Pisa: Italy
76. Earth rotation: 24 hours
77. Hingol Park: Balochistan
78. Pemra chairman: Absar Alam
79. 1st panipat battle fought between: Babur and Ibrahim
Lodhi
80. Swiss women voting right: 1971
81. Founder of De beer (Diamond Exploration Company):
Cecil Rhodes
82. Kingdom Saudi Arabia renamed from Najad to Saudi
Arabi in: 1932
83. Indian Nobel prize winner: Amartya Sen
84. Who performed role of Quaid e azam? Christopher Lee
85. Presidency of U.N. rotate every: One month
Solved FPSC Assistant Director (Investigation)
Federal Investigation Agency Paper 2015
Find incorrect options as given below:
Q. 1
a. This is someone elses coat. (Put apostrophe as “else’s)
b. Which of these songs was recorded by Bruce Springsteen?
c. That book must be yours.
d. No mistakes.
Q. 2
a. Did you read that article in Newsweek?
b. My Uncle took us to Yankee Stadium. (Write “Uncle”
with no capital letter as “uncle”.)
c. Christina has a Persian cat named Snow ball.
d. No mistakes.
Q. 3
a. My favorite season is Spring. (“Spring” with small letter
as “spring”)
b. Last Monday, Aunt Ruth took me shopping.
c. We elected Ben as treasurer of the freshman class.
d. No mistakes.
Q. 4.
a. My best friend is moving to another city.
b. "What time does the movie begin?" he asked.
c. The boys' wore identical sweaters. (Don’t use apostrophe
with “boys” here.)
d. No mistakes.
Q. 5
a. She asked me, to show her how to make an apple pie.
(Don’t use “to” here)
b. He shouted from the window, but we couldn't hear him.
c. Occasionally, someone will stop and ask for
directions.
47
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
86. Single computer can operate without? LAN card.
87. Liquid turns to gas Process? Volatile
88. Taj Mahal on which river? Yamuna
89. Chauburji historical place belongs to King? Aurangzeb
Alamgir
90. Which country expelled PLO in 1970? Jordan
91. Beijing declaration 1992 for: women
92. WEF idea was given by: Klaus Schwab
93. What was the father's name of Madeline Albright? Joseph
Alport
94. Revolution of 1958 in Iraq was led by: Gen. Abdul Kari el
Qasim
95. Endemic Species of Pakistan: Indus Blind Dolphin
96. Painting in Italy by: Michelangelo
97. Rio de summit 1992 with effect from: March 1994
98. Convention on Wetlands in Ramsar which is a city of? Iran
99. Herbert Simon's four basic motivations for subordinates do
not include? Social Disapproval
100. “Right is a reasonable claim recognized by the society
and enforced by the state”, said by? Bosanque
d. No mistakes.
Q. 6
a. Science and math are my two best subjects.
b. We met senator Moynihan at a conference last June.
(Write "senator” with capital “S”)
c. Did you see the movie Babe?
d. No mistakes.
Q. 7
a. When you come to the end of Newton Road, turn left onto
Wilson Blvd.
b. A small river runs alongside the highway.
c. We learned that cape Cod was formed 20,000 years ago.
(“cape” with “Cape”)
d. No mistakes.
Q. 8
a. The tour guide asked us if we had any questions? (Don’t
use this sign “?” in indirect speech.)
b. Lauren's father is an auto mechanic.
c. We asked if he could give us change for a dollar.
d. No mistakes.
Q. 9
a. "I'll come and stay with you, grandma," I said.
b. "Don't ever tell a lie, he warned. (Put inverted comma
after “lie”)
c. "Why won't you play with us?” he asked.
d. No mistakes.
Q. 10
a. I always have a hard time getting up in the morning.
b. We took: a tent, a cooler, and a sleeping bag. (No need of
colon “:” after took)
 48

Solved Past Papers Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017

c. The fog was as thick as potato soup. Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman to serve on the
d. No mistakes. United States Supreme Court,
Q. 11 __________strip mining is the cheapest method of 20. __________ appointed by President Ronald Reagan in
mining, it is often harmful to the 1981.
environment. a. she
a. Besides b. and
b. Unless c. but
c. Nevertheless d. was
d. Although 21. CPEC will pass through which countries: China, Pakistan
12. Yuri had a bad cold.__________, he decided not to go to 22. Which country has agreed to give gas to Pakistan:
the movie with us. Turkmenistan
a. Therefore 33. PM recently address to: UN General Assembly
b. Meanwhile 34. Yemen lies to the: South to Saudi Arabia
c. However 35. Where is Riqo Diq: Balochistan
d. Anyway 36. First battle between the Muslims & Quraish was: Badar
13.__________she waited for the bus to arrive, Julia sat on 37. Khyber battle fought between Muslims and: Jews
the bench and read her book. 38. Share of Bait ul Maal from spoils of war? 1/5
a. So that 39. Salary of a civil servant according to Hazrat Abu Bakr is:
b. While As per minimum need of an ordinary people
c. Even if 40. Primary sources of Islamic jurisprudence? 4 (Quran,
d. Besides when Hadith, Ijma, Qyas)
14. My mother likes rock music__________it is played at a 41. What is Qiyas: Analogical reasoning
low volume. 42.Mudarba is an Islamic way: An exchange of two counter-
a. because values
b. whether 43. A pin sinks in water but not a large ship: Due to bouncy
c. when force stable the ship
d. as if 44. Pakistan's number according to population among
15. Joelle's favorite beverages are herb tea and mineral Muslim countries is: 2nd
water. Chelsea, __________, drinks only 45.What is consequence of WTO's minimizing import tariffs:
milk or juice. Pakistani goods will face more competition from in
a. however international market.
b. therefore 46. Rain in winter in Pakistan are due to: Western
c. then disturbances moving in the northeasterly direction
d. too 47.Country recently stationed it jet planes in Syria is: Russia
16. __________our low interest rates, you will receive a free 48.Bilateral Agreement is: Between two or more countries
gift if you sign up now. 49.Indus river originates from: Tibat (Ladakh)
a. While 50.Boko Haram kidnaps girls from villages: Maiduguri
b. Because 51.Country east to India & has problem related to Muslims:
c. In spite of Burma
d. In addition to 52.Country with Tamil problem in 1980-1990: Sri Lanka
17. Aunt Judy said dinner would be served at 6:30, but we 53. Siberia in which continent: Asia
didn't start eating __________7:15. 54.Population of China: 1.4 billion
a. less than 55. Mechanism of thrust generated by a jet engine: Release
b. until of gases through orifice
c. about 56. We plug red wire to which terminal of a battery: Positive
d. since 57. Five rivers meet at: Mithan kot
18. My dog Charley is afraid of thunder; __________, when 58. Latest commercial plane by Boing: 787
there's a storm I cover his ears. 59. Dam under construction on Indus: Diamer Basha Dam
a. mainly 60. A swimming pool is 6 m wide, 20 m long and 2 m deep.
b. yet If 1 liter is equal to 1 KG, then water required to fill half of
c. moreover the pool is: 120,000 kg
d. consequently 61. Height of a building is 15 m and you are standing at a
19. The log cabin quilt was probably designed as a way to distance of 20 m. What is the aerial distance from the top of
give a second life to unwieldy but the building to your location: 25 m
warm fabrics salvaged __________suits and coats. 62. A park's diameter is 400m while its perimeter is 10 times.
a. from How much you walk to complete 10 rounds: about 12 Km
b. in 63. Pick the odd out 6, 12,18,26,30,36: 26
c. with 64. Series 1, 4,9,16,?,36 answer : 25
d. at 66. Cell in solar panel produces energy due to: Sun rays into

Solved Past Papers
electricity by exciting
67. Electrons in silicon cells uses: the photons of light from
the sun
68. An iron rod placed in a strong magnetic field for some
time would convert into? Temporary magnet
69. An electric train is travelling 40km/h towards east, what
would be the direction of its smoke: Electric driven train
produces no smoke
70. The temperature of steam used in steam engine after
creating energy: Decreases
71. Water in Tarbela Dam runs from turbines to: Turbine run
generator
72. Radio waves travel ___________ than sound waves:
Faster
73. Sound travels fastest in: dense medium
74. Pakistan's stand on inclusion of India in UNSC: Opposed
it
75. Rays emit from nuclear bomb: Gamma
76. Nuclear explosion due to: Chain reaction
77. Ijtihad means to: Exert for finding solution
78. Sinkiang province belongs to: China
79. 4 boys ran 60km each in 6 hours, distance covered by 1
boy in 1 hour: 10 km
81. A scale has 90cm and 100cm long arms, if we place
100kg on 90cm what weight should we need to put at 100cm
arm to balance the scale: 90 kg
82. After nuclear explosion: Radiations causes most damage
83. If you are 5th from the either end of a queue, how many
people does it have? 9
84. Drone attacks are against …….. of Pakistan: Sovereignty
85. DG FIA can delegate his authority to: any member he
specified
87. The Superintendence of the Agency shall vest in the
Federal Government: Federal Government
89. For the purpose of an inquiry or investigation under this
Act, have throughout Pakistan such powers, including
powers relating to search, arrest of persons and seizure of
property, and such duties, privileges and liabilities as the
officers of a Provincial Police: Provincial Police
90. A member of the Agency not below the rank of a Sub-
Inspector may, for the purposes of any inquiry or
investigation under this Act, exercise any of the powers of :
an officer-in-charge of a Police Station in any area in which
he is for the time being
91. Any member of the Agency not below the rank of Sub-
49
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
Inspector authorized by the ……………. in this behalf may
arrest without warrant any person who has committed:
Director General
92. Any property which is the subject-matter of the
investigation is likely to be removed, transferred or
otherwise disposed of before an order of the appropriate
authority for its seizure is obtained, such member may, by
order in writing, direct the owner or any person who is, for
the time being, possession thereof: not to remove, transfer or
otherwise dispose of such property
93. Any contravention of an order made under sub-section
(5) shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a
term which may be: extending to one year, or with fine, or
with both.
94. Notwithstanding anything contained in any order law for
the time being in force the [Assistant Directors (Legal) and
the Deputy Directors (Law)] of the Agency shall be deemed
to be Public Prosecutors and shall be competent to institute
and conduct
95. The Director-General may by order in writing, direct that
all or any of his powers under this Act or the rules shall,
subject to such conditions, if any, as may be specified in the
order: be exercisable also by any member of the Agency so
specified
96. No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie
against the Federal Government, any member of the Agency
or any other person exercising any power or performing any
function under this Act or the rules for any thing which: is in
good faith done or intended to be done under this Act or the
rules.
97. The terms and conditions of (service) of the Director
General and other members of the Agency and the
qualifications for recruitment to various posts.
98. The nature and extent of the assistance with the Agency
may provide to: Provincial investigating agencies
99. Investigation Agency for inquiry into, and investigation
of the offences specified in the Schedule, including an
attempt or conspiracy to commit, and abetment of, any such
offence: offences specified in the Schedule
100. The powers and functions of the members of the
Agency in relation to: the conduct of inquiries and
investigations
 52

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 ‫ُاردوروپرسٹاوررپورگامز‬ 61

(Editorial Team: Weekly Analysis)

Weekly Jobs

Send your CVs to Email:

careers@superior.edu.pk

To Apply Go:
Link to Apply: http://nts.org.pk//Test&Products/Announced/
042017/PLRA_042017/PLRA.php
http://literacy.punjab.gov.pk/CONLM

[Type text]
Links to apply:

http://www.smiu.edu.pk/faculty-jobs.php

http://www.smiu.edu.pk/administrative-
jobs.php

[Type text]
 FPSC Jobs
May 2017

[Type text]
[Type text]
 E-Mail Address: fpsc@fpsc.gov.pk

Phone No. 051-9205075 Ext. 385, 377,236,243,241 & 298

Islamabad, Thursday the 4th May, 2017

Consolidated Advertisement No. 5/2017

Intending candidates may apply on-line upto 22nd May, 2017 for the following
vacancies. Also visit FPSC’s website for details mentioned in the General
Instructions to the candidates.

98. Case No.F.4-22/2017-R (5/2017). COST ACCOUNTANT (BS-18), PERMANENT, MINISTRY

OF INDUSTRIES & PRODUCTION. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Associate Member of
Institute of Cost and Management Accountant. OR Chartered Accountant. OR Second Class or
Grade ‘C’ Master’s Degree in Commerce or Business Administration with Economics or Statistics
as an elective subject in the Degree Course. EXPERIENCE: Five (5) years post qualification
experience of costing system analysis, Evaluation of Cost studies and/ OR financial control. In case
of ACMA or Chartered Accountant the period of experience will be only two (2) years. AGE
LIMIT: 25-35 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE:
Sindh(Rural). (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

99. Case No.F.4-25/2017-R (5/2017). DRAFTSMAN (BS-19 PLUS 25% SPECIAL PAY),
PERMANENT, LAW & PROSECUTION DEPARTMENT, GILGIT BALTISTAN, MINISTRY
OF KASHMIR AFFAIRS AND GILGIT BALTISTAN. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Law
Graduate or equivalent qualification from a University recognized by HEC. EXPERIENCE: Twelve
(12) years post qualification practice as an advocate of any High Court in Pakistan/ Chief Court of
Gilgit Baltistan. AGE LIMIT: 32-40 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age
limit. DOMICILE: Gilgit Baltistan. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

100. Case No.F.4-27/2017-R (5/2017). ASSISTANT DIRECTOR (LEGAL/ ENFORCEMENT)

(BS-17), PERMANENT, PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (PAK-EPA),
MINISTRY OF CLIMATE CHANGE. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Second Class or Grade ‘C’
Master’s degree in Public Administration/ Business Administration/ Political Science/ Economics
and a degree in LL.M./ L.L.B. AGE LIMIT: 21-30 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in
upper age limit. DOMICILE: Punjab. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

101. Case No.F.4-92/2017-R (5/2017). THREE STAFF WELFARE OFFICERS (BS-17),

TEMPORARY, LIKELY TO CONTINUE, STAFF WELFARE ORGANIZATION,
ESTABLISHMENT DIVISION. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Second Class or Grade ‘C’
Master’s degree in Social Work/ Anthropology/ Sociology. EXPERIENCE: Three (3) years post
qualification experience in the field of Welfare / Social Work/ Anthropology. MAXIMUM AGE: 32
years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Punjab=Two and
Balochistan=One. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017
 2
102. Case No.F.4-93/2017-R. (5/2017). PATHOLOGIST-CUM-BACTERIOLOGIST (BS-18),
TEMPORARY LIKELY TO CONTINUE INDEFINITELY, MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF
PAKISTAN RAILWAYS, MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION/
EXPERIENCE: (i) MBBS or equivalent qualifications. (ii) Post graduate higher diploma/ degree,
viz., MS/FRCS/ FCPS/ MRCP/ FFA or equivalent in the requisite Speciality and two (2) years post
qualification clinical experience OR Post graduate lower diploma in the requisite Speciality and four
(4) years post qualification clinical experience MAXIMUM AGE: 35 years plus five (5) years
general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Punjab. (Both male and female candidates are
eligible)
NOTE:- MBBS or equivalent qualification, Post graduate Higher Diploma and Post graduate
Lower Diploma must be recognised by the Pakistan Medical & Dental Council.
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

103. Case No.F.4-94/2017-R (5/2017). TWO ASSISTANT PRIVATE SECRETARIES (BS-16),

PERMANENT, BOARD OF INVESTMENT, PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE. MINIMUM
QUALIFICATION (i) Second Class or Grade ‘C’ Bachelor’s degree from a University recognized
by HEC. (ii) Minimum shorthand speed: 100 w.p.m. and typing speed: 50 w.p.m. (iii) Must be
computer literate. AGE LIMIT: 20-28 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age
limit. DOMICILE: Punjab (Women quota)=One and GBFATA=One. (Against GBFATA quota
both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

104. Case No.F.4-95/2017-R (5/2017). ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (ISLAMIC STUDIES) (MALE),

(BS-18), PERMANENT, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (FGEI)
(CANTTS/GARRISONS), MINISTRY OF DEFENCE. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION/
EXPERIENCE: Ph.D. Degree in Islamic Studies with one (1) year post qualification teaching
experience at College/ University level. OR M.Phil Degree in Islamic Studies with three (3) years
post qualification teaching experience at College/ University level. OR Second Class or Grade ‘C’
Master’s Degree in Islamic Studies with five (5) years post qualification teaching experience at
College/ University level. AGE LIMIT: 25-35 years (Maximum age for the candidates holding Ph.D.
Degree shall be 38 years) plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE:
Punjab.
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

105. Case No.F.4-96/2017-R (5/2017). CHARGE/ STAFF NURSE (FEMALE) (CIVILIAN) (BS-16),
PERMANENT, MILITARY HOSPITALS, MINISTRY OF DEFENCE (DEFENCE DIVISION).
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: (i) Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing or equivalent qualification
recognized by the Pakistan Nursing Council. (ii) Registration with Pakistan Nursing Council OR (i)
Three years Diploma in Nursing. (ii) One year Course/ Certificate in Midwifery. (iii) Registration
with Pakistan Nursing Council. AGE LIMIT: 20-28 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in
upper age limit. DOMICILE: Balochistan.
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

106. Case No.F.4-100/2017-R (5/2017). DEPUTY DIRECTOR (LEGAL/ ENFORCEMENT) (BS-

18), PERMANENT, PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (PAK-EPA),
MINISTRY OF CLIMATE CHANGE. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Second Class or Grade ‘C’
Master’s Degree in Public Administration/ Business Administration/ Political Science/ Economics
and a degree in LL.M./ L.L.B. EXPERIENCE: Five (5) years post qualification experience in BS-16
or above or equivalent in Legal/ Enforcement of Laws in Govt./ Semi-Govt./ Reputable
Organization. AGE LIMIT: 25-35 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit.
DOMICILE: Punjab. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017
 3
107. Case No.F.4-105/2017-R (5/2017). NEONATOLOGIST (BS-18), TEMPORARY MAY
CONTINUE INDEFINITELY, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT POLYCLINIC, CAPITAL
ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION/
EXPERIENCE: (i) MBBS or equivalent qualification recognized by PMDC. (ii) Postgraduate
higher diploma in the requisite speciality with three (3) years post qualification clinical experience
in the speciality. OR Postgraduate lower diploma with five (5) years post qualification clinical
experience in the speciality. (iii) Postgraduate training in the field of Neonatology with at least one
(1) year post qualification experience in a Neonatology unit not less than 20 basinates.
MAXIMUM AGE: 35 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit.
DOMICILE: Punjab. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

108. Case No.F.4-109/2017-R (5/2017). PSYCHOLOGIST (BS-17), PERMANENT, ARMED

FORCES INSTITUTE OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE, MINISTRY OF DEFENCE.
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Master in Psychology from a University recognized by HEC.
EXPERIENCE: Two (2) years post qualification relevant experience. AGE LIMIT: 22-30 years
plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Punjab. (Both male and
female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

109. Case No.F.4-111/2017-R (5/2017). SENIOR PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTIST (BS-18),

PERMANENT, ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE, MINISTRY
OF DEFENCE. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: B.S in Orthopedic Technology from a University
recognized by HEC. EXPERIENCE: Five (5) years post qualification experience as Prosthetics and
Orthotist in Govt. Organization. The candidate must have experience in CAD CAM technology and
pressure measurement systems. AGE LIMIT: 25-35 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in
upper age limit. DOMICILE: Punjab. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

110. Case No.F.4-113/2017-R (5/2017). THREE REHABILITATION SPECIALISTS (BS-18),

PERMANENT, ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE, MINISTRY
OF DEFENCE. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: MBBS with FCPS in Rehabilitation Medicine
from CPSP. EXPERIENCE: Five (5) years post FCPS experience as Specialist in a Govt.
Organization. AGE LIMIT: 25-35 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit.
DOMICILE: Punjab=Two and Sindh(Rural)= One. (Both male and female candidates are
eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………22.5.2017

111. Case No.F.4-114/2017-R (5/2017). SENIOR SPEECH THERAPIST (BS-18), PERMANENT,

ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE, MINISTRY OF DEFENCE.
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Master in Speech and Language therapy from a University
recognized by HEC. EXPERIENCE: Five (5) years post qualification experience in Speech
Therapy. AGE LIMIT: 25-35 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit.
DOMICILE: Punjab. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………22.5.2017

112. Case No.F.4-116/2017-R (5/2017). SENIOR PHYSIOTHERAPIST (FEMALE) (BS-18),

PERMANENT, ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE, MINISTRY
OF DEFENCE. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Five (5) years DPT in Physiotherapy from a
University recognized by HEC. EXPERIENCE: Five (5) years post qualification experience as
Physiotherapist in Govt. Organization. AGE LIMIT: 25-35 years plus five (5) years general
relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Punjab.
Closing date…………………………………………………………………….…………22.5.2017
 4
113. Case No.F.4-118/2017-R (5/2017). SENIOR PHYSIOTHERAPIST (MALE) (BS-18),
PERMANENT, ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE, MINISTRY
OF DEFENCE. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Five (5) years DPT in Physiotherapy from a
University recognized by HEC. EXPERIENCE: Five (5) years post qualification experience as
Physiotherapist in Govt. Organization. AGE LIMIT: 25-35 years plus five (5) years general
relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Punjab.
Closing date…………………………………………………………………….…………22.5.2017

114. Case No.F.4-122/2017-R (5/2017). FOUR PHYSIOTHERAPIST (FEMALE) (BS-17),

PERMANENT, ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE, MINISTRY
OF DEFENCE. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: DPT/ BS in Physiotherapy from a University
recognized by HEC. AGE LIMIT: 22-30 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age
limit. DOMICILE: Punjab=Two, Sindh (Urban)=One and Balochistan=One.
Closing date…………………………………………………………………….…………22.5.2017

115. Case No.F.4-123/2017-R (5/2017). SIX SOCIAL WELFARE OFFICERS (FEMALE) (BS-17
PLUS 25% SPECIAL PAY), PERMANENT, SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT, GILGIT
BALTISTAN, MINISTRY OF KASHMIR AFFAIRS AND GILGIT BALTISTAN. MINIMUM
QUALIFICATION: Second Class or Grade ‘C’ Master’s Degree in Social Work/ Sociology.
MAXIMUM AGE: 28 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit.
DOMICILE: Gilgit Baltistan.
Closing date…………………………………………………………………….…………22.5.2017

116. Case No.F.4-124/2017-R (5/2017). OVERSEER (BS-16 PLUS 25% SPECIAL PAY),
PERMANENT, FISHERIES DEPARTMENT, GILGIT BALTISTAN, MINISTRY OF KASHMIR
AFFAIRS AND GILGIT BALTISTAN. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Three (3) years Diploma
in Civil Associate Engineering/ B.Tech (Civil) from a recognized institute. AGE LIMIT: 20-28
years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Gilgit Baltistan.
(Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

117. Case No.F.4-125/2017-R (5/2017). ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY (BS-17),

PERMANENT, ISLAMABAD CAPITAL TERRITORY (ICT), MINISTRY OF INTERIOR.
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION/EXPERIENCE: Law Graduate with at least three (3) years post
qualification experience as an Advocate/Dealing with Legal Matters. AGE LIMIT: 22-30 years plus
five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Punjab. (Both male and female
candidates are eligible).
Note: Candidates who have experience as Lawyer of a Court are required to provide detailed
Cause List and a Certificate of having 3 years active practice duly verified by the Registrar High
Court/ Office of the concerned courts.
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………22.5.2017

118. Case No.F.4-126/2017-R (5/2017). TWO SOCIAL WELFARE OFFICERS (MALE) (BS-17
PLUS 25% SPECIAL PAY), PERMANENT, SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT, GILGIT
BALTISTAN, MINISTRY OF KASHMIR AFFAIRS AND GILGIT BALTISTAN. MINIMUM
QUALIFICATION: Second Class or Grade ‘C’ Master’s Degree in Social Work/ Sociology.
MAXIMUM AGE: 28 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit.
DOMICILE: Gilgit Baltistan.
Closing date…………………………………………………………………….…………22.5.2017
 5
119. Case No.F.4-127/2017-R (5/2017). ASSISTANT PRIVATE SECRETARY (BS-16),
PERMANENT, AIRPORTS SECURITY FORCE, CABINET SECRETARIAT (AVIATION
DIVISION). MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: (i) Second Class or Grade ‘C’ Bachelor’s degree
from a University recognized by HEC. (ii) Minimum shorthand speed: 100 w.p.m. and typing
speed: 50 w.p.m. (iii) Must be computer literate. AGE LIMIT: 20-28 years plus five (5) years
general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE:, Punjab. (Both male and female candidates
are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………..22.5.2017

120. Case No.F.4-128/2017-R (5/2017). CHARGE/ STAFF NURSE (BS-16), TEMPORARY,

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT POLYCLINIC, ISLAMABAD, CAPITAL ADMINISTRATION
AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Registered Nurse and
Registered Midwife with PNC. AGE LIMIT: 20-28 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in
upper age limit. DOMICILE: Balochistan (Women quota).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

121. Case No.F.4-129/2017-R. (5/2017). EIGHTEEN ASSISTANT PRIVATE SECRETARIES

(BS-16), PERMANENT, NAVAL HEADQUARTERS, MINISTRY OF DEFENCE. MINIMUM
QUALIFICATION: (i) Second Class or Grade ‘C’ Bachelor’s degree from a University recognized
by HEC. (ii) Minimum shorthand speed: 100 w.p.m. and typing speed: 50 w.p.m. (iii) Must be
computer literate. AGE LIMIT: 20-28 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age
limit. DOMICILE: Punjab= Six (Open merit=Four, Women quota=One and Minorities/Non-
Muslims quota=One), Sindh (Rural)=Three (Open merit=Two and Women quota=One),
Sindh(Urban)=Three, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Women quota)=One, Balochistan=Two,
GBFATA=Two and AJK=One. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

122. Case No.F.4-130/2017-R (5/2017). SENIOR OFFICIAL REPORTER (URDU) (BS-18),

PERMANENT, NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SECRETARIAT, ISLAMABAD. MINIMUM
QUALIFICATION/EXPERIENCE: (i) Second Class or Grade ‘C’ Bachelor degree from HEC
recognized university. (ii) Urdu Shorthand Speed 140 words per minute. (iii) Urdu Typing Speed 50
words per minute. (iv) Proficiency in relevant computer softwares. (v) Five (5) years relevant post
qualification experience rendered in Public/Private Sector. MAXIMUM AGE: 30 years plus five (5)
years general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Punjab.(Both male and female
candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

123. Case No.F.4-131/2017-R (5/2017). FOUR MEDICAL OFFICERS (BS-17), PERMANENT,

AIRPORTS SECURITY FORCE, CABINET SECRETARIAT, (AVIATION DIVISION).
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: MBBS. MAXIMUM AGE: 28 years plus five (5) years general
relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Punjab=Two, Sindh (Rural) =One and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa=One. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017
 6
124. Case No.F.4-132/2017-R (5/2017). SIXTY FIVE ASSISTANT DIRECTORS (BS-17),
PERMANENT, AIRPORTS SECURITY FORCE, CABINET SECRETARIAT (AVIATION
DIVISION). MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Second Class or Grade ‘C’ Master’s Degree.
EXPERIENCE: Two (2) years post qualification experience in Civil Forces/ Armed Forces
Departments. PHYSICAL STANDARD OF FITNESS: (i) Minimum Height: For male 5′-6″ or 168
cm and for female 5′-2″ or 157 cm. (ii) Minimum Weight: For male 106 LBs or 48.1 Kg and for
female 45 Kg or 99.2 Lbs. (iii) Minimum Chest Measurement: For male 32¾″ or 83 cm, Expanded
34¾″ or 88 cm. AGE LIMIT: 22-30 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age
limit. DOMICILE: Merit =Four, Punjab=Thirty three (Open merit=Twenty two, Women
quota=Nine and Minorities/ Non-Muslims quota=Two), Sindh (Rural)= Seven (Open merit=Six
and Minorities/ Non-Muslims quota=One), Sindh (Urban)= Five (Open merit=Three, Women
quota=One and Minorities/ Non-Muslims quota=One), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa= Eight (Open
merit=Seven and Minorities/ Non-Muslims quota=One), Balochistan= Four (Open merit=Three
and Women quota=One), GBFATA=Two and AJK= Two (Both male and female candidates are
eligible).
NOTE: The eligibility of the candidates with regard to Physical Standard of Fitness as advertised
will be determined on the basis of Medical Examination to be arranged by the ASF, Cabinet
Secretariat (Aviation Division) as and when required.
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

125. Case No.F.4-133/2017-R (5/2017). ASSISTANT CHIEF (FUEL) (BS-18 PLUS HIGHER START
UP TO SIX ADVANCE INCREMENTS POSSIBLE UPON RECOMMENDATION OF THE
FPSC), TEMPORARY, LIKELY TO BECOME PERMANENT, ENERGY WING, ENERGY
APPRAISAL AND PLAN FORMULATION SECTION, MINISTRY OF PLANNING,
DEVELOPMENT AND REFORM. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: (i) Second Class or Grade ‘C’
Master’s Degree or equivalent qualifications in Petroleum Geology or Geology with specialization
in Coal Resources. OR Bachelor’s Degree of Engineering or equivalent qualifications in Petroleum,
Gas Reservoir, Chemical, Energy, or Mining Engineering with specialization in Coal mining/
technology. EXPERIENCE: Three (3) years post qualification experience in exploration of fuel and
energy resources and/ or production planning and designing in this field. MAXIMUM AGE: 35
years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
NOTE: - (i) Experience relaxable for Ph.D. and by two years in case of M.Phil where the minimum
qualification prescribed is Master’s Degree. (ii) Experience relaxable for Ph.D. and by two years in
case of Master’s Degree or equivalent where the minimum qualification prescribed is Bachelor’s
Degree or equivalent. (iii) Experience can be further relaxed in addition to (i) and (ii) above by one
year in the outstanding cases as determined by the FPSC.
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

126. Case No.F.4-134/2017-R (5/2017). FIFTY NINE INSPECTORS (BS-16), PERMANENT,

AIRPORTS SECURITY FORCE, CABINET SECRETARIAT, (AVIATION DIVISION).
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Bachelor’s Degree. PHYSICAL STANDARD OF FITNESS:
(i) Minimum height: For male 5′-6″ or 168 cm and for female 5′-2″ or 157 cm. (ii) Minimum
Weight: For male 106 Lbs or 48.1 Kg and for female 45 Kg or 99.2 Lbs. (iii) Minimum Chest
Measurement: For male 32¾″ or 83 cm Expanded 34¾″ or 88 cm. AGE LIMIT: 20-28 years plus
five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Merit=Four Punjab=Twenty
nine (Open merit=Sixteen, Women quota=Eleven and Minorities/Non-Muslims quota=Two),
Sindh(Rural)=Seven (Open merit=Six and Minorities/Non-Muslims quota=One),
Sindh(Urban)=Four (Open merit=Two and Women quota=Two), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa=Six
(Open merit=Three, Women quota=Two and Minorities/Non-Muslims quota=One),
Balochistan=Four (Open merit=Three and Minorities/Non-Muslims quota=One) and
GBFATA=Five. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
NOTE: The eligibility of the candidates with regard to Physical Standard of Fitness as advertised
will be determined on the basis of Medical Examination to be arranged by the ASF, Cabinet
Secretariat (Aviation Division) as and when required.
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017
 7

127. Case No.F.4-135/2017-R (5/2017). DIRECTOR (BS-19), PERMANENT, ZOOLOGICAL

SURVEY OF PAKISTAN, CLIMATE CHANGE DIVISION, ISLAMABAD. MINIMUM
QUALIFICATION: Second Class or Grade ‘C’ Master’s degree in Zoology or equivalent from a
recognized University. EXPERIENCE: Twelve (12) years post qualification research and field
experience in Zoology or Marine Biology or Ecology or Wildlife. MAXIMUM AGE: 40 years plus
five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Sindh (Rural). (Both male and
female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017

128. Case No.F.4-136/2017-R (5/2017). ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR/VICE PRINCIPAL (ENGLISH)

(MALE) (BS-19), TEMPORARY LIKELY TO CONTINUE, F.G. COLLEGES, FEDERAL
DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION, CAPITAL ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT
DIVISION. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION/ EXPERIENCE: Ph.D. Degree in English with eight (8)
years’ post qualification teaching and administrative experience at College/ University level. OR
M.Phil Degree in English with ten (10) years’ post qualification teaching and administrative
experience at College/ University level. OR Second Class or Grade ‘C’ Master’s Degree in English
with twelve (12) years’ post qualification teaching and administrative experience at College/
University level. AGE LIMIT: 32-40 years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age
limit. DOMICILE: AJK.
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………..22.5.2017
\

129. Case No.F.4-137/2017-R (5/2017). ASSISTANT PRIVATE SECRETARY (BS-16),

TEMPORARY, LIKELY TO CONTINUE FOR AN INDEFINITE PERIOD, FINANCE
DIVISION. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: (i) Second Class or Grade ‘C’ Bachelor’s degree from
a University recognized by HEC. (ii) Minimum shorthand speed: 100 w.p.m and typing speed: 50
w.p.m. (iii) Must be computer literate. AGE LIMIT: 20-28 years plus five (5) years general
relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: GBFATA. (Both male and female candidates are
eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………..22.5.2017

130. Case No.F.4-138/2017-R (5/2017). ASSISTANT INFORMATION OFFICER (BS-16),

PERMANENT, MINISTRY OF INFORMATION, BROADCASTING & NATIONAL HERITAGE.
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: Bachelor’s degree from a recognized University with ability to
express well in English & Urdu. OR Degree/ Diploma in Journalism and knowledge of Foreign/
Classical language. EXPERIENCE: Three (3) years post qualification experience of practical
Journalistic work in a recognized or established news agency or daily newspaper of repute or Radio
or T.V news organization with sufficient knowledge of Current Affairs. MAXIMUM AGE: 32 years
plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Punjab. (Both male and
female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………..22.5.2017

131. Case No.F.4-139/2017-R (5/2017). SIX ASSISTANT PRIVATE SECRETARIES (BS-16),

PERMANENT, DIRECTOR GENERAL’S OFFICE, PAK PWD, MINISTRY OF HOUSING &
WORKS. MINIMUM QUALIFICATION: (i) Second Class or Grade ‘C’ Bachelor’s degree from a
University recognized by HEC. (ii) Minimum shorthand speed: 100 w.p.m. and typing speed: 50
w.p.m. (iii) Must be computer literate. AGE LIMIT: 20-28 years plus five (5) years general
relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Sindh(Rural)= Three, Sindh(Urban)= One,
GBFATA=One and AJK=One. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Closing date……………………………………………………………………….…….....22.5.2017
 8
132. Case No.F.4-140/2017-R (5/2017). TWENTY ONE ASSISTANT DIRECTORS (BS-17),
PERMANENT, IN A FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION. MINIMUM
QUALIFICATION: Second Class or Grade ‘C’ Master’s degree or equivalent. AGE LIMIT: 21-30
years plus five (5) years general relaxation in upper age limit. DOMICILE: Merit= Two,
Punjab=Ten (Open merit=Nine and Women quota=One), Sindh(Rural)=Three (Open merit=Two
and Women quota=One), Sindh(Urban)=One, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa=Two, Balochistan=One,
GBFATA=One and AJK=One. (Both male and female candidates are eligible).
Note:

i) To short list the candidates at first stage MCQs Screening Test shall be held. Thereafter
English subjective test of 100 marks will be conducted for preselected candidates at the ratio
of 1:8 (eight candidates per post) with qualifying standard of 50% marks.

ii) Finally qualified preselected candidates will be called for Psychological Assessment &
Interview.

Closing date……………………………………………………………………….………...22.5.2017
 9
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBMISSION OF APPLICATIONS
1. All cases will be processed as per Commission’s policy laid down in General Instructions as displayed at FPSC’s Website. Candidates are advised
to go through the General Instructions particularly para-16 of the same to update themselves before applying.
2. All applications for General Recruitment in BS-16 and above must be submitted online through FPSC’s website www.fpsc.gov.pk. Detailed
General Instructions/ guidelines to apply online are available on the website. No hardcopy of online application is required from the applicants.
However, those applicants who do not have access to internet facility, are allowed to submit their applications on or before the closing date,
addressed to Secretary FPSC on plain paper giving detailed particulars in the light of prescribed conditions for the post applied for, intimating
difficulties in submission of online applications. Such applications will be accepted subject to approval of the Commission.
3. It will be mandatory for the candidates to bring original CNIC, Treasury Receipt and downloaded copy of Admission Certificate at the time of
Screening/ Written Test. (The candidates should realize that nothing except original Treasury Receipt would be admissible as a valid
document. It is reiterated that the candidates must preserve the original T.R and do not send the same to FPSC office in advance, so as to
avoid any inconvenience at the time of entry in the Examination Halls).
4. i) The Pre-selection criteria for interview will be as per policy of the Commission contained in para -16 (A,B&C) of General Instructions, the
candidates will be required to furnish attested copies of requisite documents viz: two photographs, Matric, Intermediate certificates, Bachelor,
Master, M.Phil, Ph.D Degrees, CNIC, Experience Certificate( where required) showing nature of job/ detailed job description issued by an
authorized officer of the Ministry/Division/Department concerned, Domicile Certificate, Departmental Permission Certificate (in case of
government servant) as well as Original TR (in non-test cases) etc. within 15 days of the Notice from FPSC by post, SMS and E-mail. The
candidates who fail to furnish the requisite documents within stipulated time or furnish incorrect/incomplete information their candidature
shall be liable to rejection. Therefore, they are advised to keep their documents ready for submission to FPSC by the due date. From requisition
of documents it should not be presumed that the candidate is preselected.
ii) Wherever an equivalence of the required degree is to be claimed by a candidate, an equivalence certificate issued by HEC may be
furnished to FPSC to authenticate the claim.
5. Eligibility of the candidates in all respects shall be reckoned upto the closing date.
6. The Application Fee for posts (BS-16 & 17 = Rs. 300/- ; BS 18= Rs. 750/- ; BS-19 = Rs. 1200/- ; BS-20 and above= Rs. 1500/-) may be
deposited on or before the closing date in the nearest Government treasury or in a branch of National Bank of Pakistan or in a State treasury
authorized to transact business on behalf of Government under head “C02101-ORGANS OF STATE EXAMINATION FEE REALIZED BY
FPSC”. Bank draft / Cheque/ Postal Order is not acceptable.
7. Admission Certificates for Screening (MCQ’s Test) for BS-16 & 17 posts and Written (Descriptive Test) for BS-18 & above posts, for General
Recruitment Cases will be placed on the website of FPSC i.e. www.fpsc.gov.pk on 17th July, 2017 tentatively. Candidates are advised to
frequently visit this website. They will be intimated through SMS as well. However, no information in this regard shall be sent through post.
(ii) (a) Tests for the post of Assistant Private Secretary (BS-16) and Senior Official Reporter (Urdu) (BS-18) will be held at
Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar and Quetta centers only, if sufficient number of candidates at each center are
available.
(b) Candidates for the post of APS will first be called for typing test and those who qualify the Typing Test by producing required typing
speed as mentioned in the advertisement will be allowed to appear in Shorthand Test. While those who will not qualify typing Test will
be relieved without subjecting them to Shorthand test.
(c) It will be mandatory for the candidates of APS that minimum 80% of the Shorthand Test passage has been written by them in shorthand
outline. Otherwise, the candidate will be declared as fail.
8. Conduct of Test: The Screening (MCQ)/Written (Descriptive) Test for Consolidated Advt. No. 5/2017 will tentatively be held from 13.08.2017
onwards. However, in small cases such tests can be conducted even in the very next month or as early as possible so candidates are advised to
frequently visit FPSC website for the updates.
9. Change of Centre: No request for change of centre shall be entertained except only in genuine hardship cases. The candidates can apply for
change of centre with proper proof latest by 27.06.2017. Thereafter no such request shall be entertained.
10. Closing Date for submission of applications is Monday, 22nd May, 2017.

AMIR TARIQ ZAMAN

SECRETARY
FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION