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Introduction
BSN:-University of Chicago,1949
Died in 1996
Goal of the model is to promote adaptation and maintain wholeness using the principles
of conservation
Model guides the nurse to focus on the influences and responses at the organismic level
Nurse accomplishes the goal of model through the conservation of energy, structure and
personal and social integrity
Adaptation
The responses will vary by heredity, age, gender or challenges of illness experiences
While the responses are same, the timing and manifestation of organismic responses will
be unique for each individual pulse rate.
An ongoing process of change in which patient maintains his integrity within the realities
of environment
Achieved through the "frugal, economic, contained and controlled use of environmental
resources by individual in his or her best interest"
Wholeness
Exist when the interaction or constant adaptations to the environment permits the
assurance of integrity
Conservation
"Keeping together "of the life systems or the wholeness of the individual
Achieving a balance of energy supply and demand that is with in the unique biological
realities of the individual
Nursing’s paradigm
Person
A unique individual in unity and integrity, feeling, believing, thinking and whole system
of system
Environment
Internal
o Homeostasis
o Homeorrhesis
External
o Preconceptual
o Operational
o Conceptual
Internal Environment
Homeostasis
o A state of energy sparing that also provide the necessary baselines for a
multitude of synchronized physiological and psychological factors
o A state of conservation
Homeorrhesis
o Describe the pattern of adaptation, which permit the individual’s body to sustain
its well being with the vast changes which encroach upon it from the
environment
External Environment
Preconceptual
Operational
o Elements that may physically affects individuals but not perceived by hem:
radiation, micro-organism and pollution
Conceptual
Adaptation
Organismic response
Conservation
Adaptation
Characteristics
Historicity: Adaptations are grounded in history and await the challenges to which they
respond
Specificity: Individual responses and their adaptive pattern varies on the base of
specific genetic structure
Redundancy: Safe and fail options available to the individual to ensure continued
adaptation
Organismic response
They co-exist
2. Inflammatory: response intended to provide for structural integrity and the promotion of
healing
3. Stress: Response developed over time and influenced by each stressful experience
encountered by person
Vital’s signs
Administration of medicine
Assumption
Characteristics of theory
The concept of illness adaptation, using interventions, and the evaluation of nursing
interventions are interrelated.
Concepts are sequential and logical and can be used to explain the consequences of
nursing action.
Levine’s idea can be tested and hypothesis can be derived from them.
Levine’s ideas are consistent with other theories, laws and principles particularly those
from the humanities and sciences
Conservational Principle
Conservation of energy
1. Conservation of energy
Example:
Example:
Recognizes the individual as one who strives for recognition, respect, self awareness,
selfhood and self determination
Example:
Example:
Health
It is not merely healing of an afflicted part ,it is return to daily activities, selfhood and
the ability of the individual to pursue once more his or her own interest without
constraints
Disease: It is unregulated and undisciplined change and must be stopped or death will
ensue
Nursing
Goal of Nursing
To promote wholeness, realizing that every individual requires a unique and separate
cluster of activities
The individual integrity is his abiding concern and it is the nurse’s responsibility to assist
him to defend and to seek its realization
Nursing Process
Assessment
Trophicognosis
Hypothesis
Interventions
Evaluation
Conservational models
Theory of redundancy
Untested, speculative theory that redefined aging and everything else that has to do
with human life
Aging is diminished availability of redundant system necessary for effective maintenance
of physical and social well being
Goal: To seek a way of organizing nursing interventions out of the biological realities
which the nurse has to confront
Therapeutic regimens should support the following goals:
Facilitate healing through natural response to disease
Provide support for a failing auto regulatory portion of the integrated system
Restore individual integrity and well being
Limitation
Nurse has the responsibility for determining the patient ability to participate in the care,
and if the perception of nurse and patient about the patient ability to participate in care
don’t match, this mismatch will be an area of conflict.
The major limitation is the focus on individual in an illness state and on the dependency
of patient.
Research Highlights