Sans 2972:2018 Lifting Tackle Inspection

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ISBN 978-0-626-35778-8
SANS 2972:2018
Edition 1
SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Lifting tackle — Inspections
WARNING
This document references other
documents normatively.
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SANS 2972:2018
Edition 1
Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
Foreword
This South African standard was prepared by National Committee SABS/TC 1020, Lifting
equipment, in accordance with procedures of the South African Bureau of Standards, in compliance
with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.
This document was approved for publication in July 2018.
Reference is made in 3.1.1 to the "relevant national legislation". In South Africa this means the
Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act No. 85 of 1993).
Compliance with this document cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.
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Contents
Page
Foreword
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Normative references.............................................................................................................. 3
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ...................................................................................... 4
4 Personnel ................................................................................................................................ 5
5 Facilities, information and equipment ..................................................................................... 5
6 Provisions ............................................................................................................................... 6
7 Requirements for inspections ................................................................................................. 7

7.1 Steel wire rope slings ..................................................................................................... 7
7.2 Wire rope end fittings ..................................................................................................... 8
7.3 Chain slings .................................................................................................................... 14
7.4 Metal mesh slings .......................................................................................................... 15
7.5 Textile slings (endless round and flat eye type webbing slings) ................................... 16
7.6 Hooks ............................................................................................................................. 17
7.7 Shackles ......................................................................................................................... 18
7.8 Eye bolts and eye nuts .................................................................................................. 18
7.9 Turn-buckles .................................................................................................................. 19
7.10 Oblong master links and swivels.................................................................................... 19
7.11 Swivel hoist rings ........................................................................................................... 20
7.12 Lifting points ................................................................................................................... 20
7.13 Snatch blocks ................................................................................................................. 21
7.14 Chain sling coupling links ............................................................................................... 21
8 Records ................................................................................................................................... 22
Bibliography............................................................................................................................... 23
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Lifting tackle — Inspections
1 Scope
1.1 This standard provides requirements and guidelines for the inspection of lifting tackle.
1.2 It is presumed that lifting tackle covered by this standard is manufactured in accordance with
an accepted technical standard.
NOTE The equipment covered in SANS 687 is not covered by this standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited
applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be
obtained from the South African Bureau of Standards.
ASME B30.26, Rigging hardware – Safety standard for cableways, cranes, derricks, hoists, hooks,
jacks, and slings.
ASTM F1145, Standard specification for turnbuckles, swaged, welded, forged.
DIN 580, Lifting eyebolts.
DIN 582, Lifting eye nuts.
EN 818-1, Short link chain for lifting purposes – Safety – Part 1: General conditions of acceptance.
EN 818-2, Short link chain for lifting purposes – Safety – Part 2: Medium tolerance chain for chain
slings – Grade 8.
EN 818-3, Short link chain for lifting purposes – Safety – Part 3: Medium tolerance chain for chain
slings – Grade 4.
EN 818-5, Short link chain for lifting purposes – Safety – Part 5: Chain slings – Grade 4.
EN 1677-2, Components for slings – Safety – Part 2: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch – Grade 8.
EN 1677-3, Components for slings – Safety – Part 3: Forged steel self-locking hooks – Grade 8.
EN 1677-4, Components for slings – Safety – Part 4: Links – Grade 8.
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EN 13414-1, Steel wire rope slings – Safety – Part 1: Slings for general lifting service.
SANS 94-1/EN 1492-1, Textile slings – Safety – Part 1: Flat woven webbing slings made of man-
made fibres for general purpose use.
SANS 94-2/EN 1492-2, Textile slings – Safety – Part 2: Roundslings made of man-made fibres for
general purpose use.
SANS 1595, Forged steel lifting hooks for use with steel chains of strength grade M(4), P(5), S(6),
T(8) and V(10).
SANS 1596, Drop forged eyebolts and eyenuts for lifting purposes.
SANS 1819, Snatch blocks.
SANS 2415/ISO 2415, Forged shackles for general lifting purposes – Dee shackles and bow
shackles.
SANS 7593/ISO 7593, Chain slings assembled by methods other than welding – Grade T(8).
SANS 8539/ISO 8539, Forged steel lifting components for use with Grade 8 chain.
SANS 50818-4/EN 818-4, Short link chain for lifting purposes – Safety – Part 4: Chain slings –
Grade 8.
SANS 50818-6/EN 818-6, Short link chain for lifting purposes – Safety – Part 6: Chain slings –
Specification for information for use and maintenance to be provided by the manufacturer.
SANS 53411-2/EN 13411-2, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 2: Splicing of eyes for
wire rope slings.
SANS 53411-3/EN 13411-3, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 3: Ferrules and
ferrule-securing.
SANS 53411-4/EN 13411-4, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 4: Metal and resin
socketing.
SANS 53411-5/EN 13411-5, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 5: U-bolt wire rope
grips.
SANS 53411-6/EN 13411-6, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 6: Asymmetric wedge
socket.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply.
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1
appointed competent person
person who is responsible and competent to perform inspections of lifting tackle and appointed in
writing in accordance with the relevant national legislation (see foreword), herein referred to as an
lifting tackle inspector (LTI)
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3.1.2
quarantine
compulsory isolation typically to contain the use of an item that is considered dangerous and to
eliminate the posing threat without irreversibly destroying the item
3.1.3
safe working load
SWL
maximum load that may be lifted by a lifting assembly that consists of different items of lifting tackle
as specified by the appointed competent person
3.1.4
trained user
person who has the necessary knowledge and training to conduct pre-use inspection and to use
lifting tackle correctly
3.1.5
working load limit
WLL
maximum load, specified by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) that may be lifted by a
lifting assembly which consists of different items of lifting tackle
3.2 Abbreviations
LTI lifting tackle inspector
OEM original equipment manufacturer
4 Personnel
4.1 Inspection shall be carried out by a trained user or a lifting tackle inspector (LTI) (see 6.1.1).
4.2 If, whilst carrying out an inspection, lifting tackle is found to be unsafe for any reason, this shall
immediately be appropriately identified and reported to the supervisor and the tackle shall be
withdrawn or quarantined.
5 Facilities, information and equipment

5.1 Facilities and inspection requirements
The user shall ensure that appropriate facilities and a safe working environment for carrying out
inspections are provided. These include but will not be limited to the following:
a) adequate lighting, free from shadows;
b) clean lifting tackle, which is free from dirt, grease, powder or any other substance that might
prevent proper inspection; and
c) lifting tackle under suspension of a load shall be inspected. Where it is impracticable to perform
a full inspection at least a visual inspection shall be conducted.
5.2 Equipment
All measuring equipment shall be accurate to within ± 1 % of the measured value, and shall be
undamaged and properly maintained.
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6 Provisions
6.1 General
6.1.1 The following inspections are applicable:
a) pre-use inspections performed by the trained user; and
b) mandatory inspections performed by the LTI.
6.1.2 Lifting tackle that cannot be identified and traced to the supplier or the OEM shall
immediately be removed from service.
6.1.3 Lifting tackle that has been irreversibly damaged shall immediately be removed from service
and made unusable.
6.1.4 Lifting tackle that can be repaired, shall be quarantined until such time that repairs have
been performed.
6.1.5 Inspections shall be carried out in conformance with the requirements of the manufacturer.
Where these requirements are not available, the requirements of this standard shall apply.
6.2 Pre-use inspections
6.2.1 Before the commencement of each work shift, all lifting tackle shall be visually inspected by
the trained user for signs of deficiency.
6.2.2 All safety-related problems shall be reported to the supervisor and resolved before the lifting
tackle is used.
6.3 Mandatory inspections

6.3.1 Inspections shall be carried out by a LTI at no more than three-monthly intervals. More
frequent inspections shall be considered in the following conditions but will not be limited to these
conditions:
a) where operational conditions are conducive to equipment being damaged;
b) multi-shift and full shift operations;
c) extreme temperatures;
d) highly abrasive environments or loads;
e) impact or shock loading; and
f) corrosive environments or loads;
6.3.2 Inspection registers and checklists shall be completed.
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7 Requirements for inspections

7.1 Steel wire rope slings
7.1.1 Wire rope slings for lifting purposes shall comply with EN 13414-1 or an equivalent standard.
NOTE Cognizance should be taken of the 20/80 principle when wire rope slings are being inspected. It should
be kept in mind that only 20 % of the wires in the rope are visible for inspection and that the rope could be
damaged inside where damage is not visible.
7.1.2 Wire rope slings shall immediately be removed from service if any of the following conditions
are present:
a) missing or illegible sling identification traceable to the OEM or its representative;
b) absence of working load limit (WLL)/safe working load (SWL);
c) in the case of broken wires, steel wire rope slings shall be discarded
1) if there are six or more randomly distributed broken wires visible in one rope lay; or
2) if there are three or more broken wires in one strand in one rope lay;
d) severe localized abrasion or scraping;
e) kinking, crushing, bird-caging or any other damage that result in damage to the rope structure;
f) evidence of heat damage, including welding spatter or arc strikes;
g) rope wear that exceeds 10 % of the nominal diameter of the rope or if outside wires have lost
more than 50 % of their original diameter due to wear;
h) ferrules and thimbles that are cracked, deformed, or worn to the extent that the strength of the
sling is substantially affected;
i) severe surface corrosion or pitting of the wires in the rope, end attachments, or fittings;
j) permanent loops in the rope known as "dog legs" or "kink"; and
k) any other condition, including visible damage, which cause doubt about the continued use of the
sling.
7.1.3 In the case of hooks, removal requirements in 7.6 apply.
7.1.4 Rope shall be discarded if any broken wire on the inside of the eye of the sling is found.
7.1.5 Rope shall be discarded if broken wires around the ferrule area are found (there could be
more broken wires inside the ferrule which is not immediately visible).
7.1.6 Not more than 5 % of the total number of wires in the rope over a distance of ten times the
rope diameter shall be broken, for example in a 6 × 36 construction steel wire rope sling, no more
than ten broken wires shall be visible over a distance of ten times the rope diameter.
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7.2 Wire rope end fittings

7.2.1 Wire rope grips and clips (wire rope clamps)
7.2.1.1 Wire rope grips and clips for detachable rope connections shall comply with
SANS 53411-5.
NOTE Grips and clips should not be used to assemble slings. Grips and clips are used as dead-end
connections on rope terminations.
7.2.1.2 Wire rope grips and clips shall be removed from service if any of the following is observed:
a) missing or illegible manufacturer’s identification or grip or clip size;
b) indications of heat damage including welding spatter or arc strikes;
c) excessive pitting or corrosion;
d) bent, twisted, distorted, stretched, elongated, cracked, or broken components;
e) excessive nicks or gouges;
f) a 10 % reduction of the original or catalogue dimension at any point;
g) evidence of unauthorized welding or modification;
h) unauthorized replacement components;
i) insufficient number of wire rope clips;
j) improperly tightened wire rope clips; and
k) indications of wire rope slippage.
7.2.1.3 When a rope end-connection made with wire rope grips is inspected, the tightness of the
collar nuts shall be checked using a torque wrench and, if necessary, the nuts shall be tightened.
7.2.1.4 The free sections of the rope shall be inspected visually, particularly along the grip zones,
in order to detect wire breaks or corrosion. Wire breaks might occur in the contact areas between
the rope lines near the grips, especially with ropes that are subjected to great load changes. If wire
breaks are suspected, the grips should be completely removed and the squeezed rope meticulously
inspected. See 7.1 for inspection of wire rope.
7.2.1.5 If the rope cannot be unloaded and detaching the grips is therefore not possible, several
additional grips shall be fitted. Then one or two of the original grips shall be removed and the
relevant sections inspected.
7.2.2 Asymmetric wedge sockets

7.2.2.1 Asymmetric wedge sockets shall comply with SANS 53411-6 or an equivalent standard.
7.2.2.2 Wedge socket terminations should be inspected at the time of rope inspection.
7.2.2.3 Particular attention should be paid to the following:
a) rope damage, for example broken wires or deformation of the rope where it emerges from the
socket body;
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b) the conditions of the socket body, for example cracks, particularly if the wedge is seen to
protrude excessively. The lugs of the socket body should be examined for possible deformation,
cracks or other defects;
c) the security and tightness of wedge fittings;
d) whether wedge sockets have been fitted correctly;
e) a missing or an illegible manufacturer’s name or trademark, or rated load identification (or both);
f) indications of heat damage including welding spatter or arc strikes;
g) excessive pitting or corrosion;
h) bent, twisted, distorted, stretched, elongated, cracked, or broken components;
i) excessive nicks or gouges;
j) a 10 % reduction of the original or catalogue dimension at any point;
k) evidence of unauthorized welding or modification; and
l) unauthorized replacement components.
7.2.3 Symmetric wedge sockets
7.2.3.1 Symmetric wedge sockets should comply with SANS 53411-7 or an equivalent standard.
7.2.3.2 Symmetric wedge sockets are inspected similarly to asymmetric sockets (see 7.2.2).
7.2.4 Splices (hand)
7.2.4.1 Splicing of eyes for wire rope slings shall comply with SANS 53411-2 or an equivalent
standard.
7.2.4.2 A splice shall be discarded when
a) wire breaks occur, or
b) the strands in the area around the splice have slipped out by the length of one round stitch
(tuck), or
c) if the wires are heavily corroded.
7.2.4.3 It is recommended that the splice be lightly sprayed with paint once it is completed so if
slippage occurs, the unsprayed sections will be visible.
7.2.4.4 To assess the condition of a splice it may be necessary to remove any wrapping, plastic
tapes, sizing wires or sizing strands from the splice zone.
7.2.5 Ferrules (mechanical splicing)
7.2.5.1 Ferrules used for wire rope sling should comply with SANS 53411-3 or an equivalent
standard.
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7.2.5.2 During inspection, the end connection should be inspected for wire breaks, for cracks and
physical damage in the area around the aluminium ferrule (see figures 1 and 2).
7.2.5.3 Check whether the dead end protrudes completely out of the ferrule to ensure that the rope
is spliced correctly and take note of evidence that the dead end has not pulled back.
7.2.5.4 In a corrosive environment, the ferrule should also be checked for corrosion damage.
Figure 3 shows a corroded aluminium ferrule.
Figure 1 — An aluminium ferrule
Figure 2 — Physical damage to the aluminium ferrule
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Figure 3 — Corroded aluminium ferrule
7.2.6 Flemish eyes
7.2.6.1 Flemish eyes on steel ferrules shall comply with SANS 53411-3 or an equivalent standard.
7.2.6.2 During inspection, the end connection should be inspected for wire breaks, for cracks and
physical damage in the area around the steel ferrule.
7.2.6.3 In a corrosive environment, the ferrule should also be checked for corrosion damage.
7.2.7 Swaged sockets
7.2.7.1 Swaged sockets should comply with SANS 53411-8 or an equivalent standard.
7.2.7.2 There are many designs of swaged sockets on the market. Figure 4 shows
a) an open socket,
b) an eye socket,
c) a screw terminal, and
d) a design that incorporates a ball head.
7.2.7.3 Swaged sockets should be checked for wire breaks, especially in the area around the
socket.
7.2.7.4 Sockets should be examined for cracks.
7.2.7.5 The internal inspection of swaged sockets is difficult because displacement of the strands
inside the socket or corrosion cannot be detected.
7.2.8 Metallic spelter sockets
7.2.8.1 Metallic spelter sockets as an end connection shall comply with SANS 53411-4 or an
equivalent standard.
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7.2.8.2 Particular attention should be paid to the following:
a) cracks, especially in the vicinity of the loops and the lugs;
b) wire breaks and kinks or changes in lay lengths where the rope leaves the socket. This is
especially the case with boom suspension ropes which are frequently dismantled;
c) occasionally wire breaks can be found adjacent to the rope socket or along the first few
centimetres inside it. These are caused either by kinking the rope when handling it, or by a lack
of spelter material or insufficient and inadequate lubrication.
d) occasionally the wire rope axis is not adjusted to be in line with the axis of the socket. This will
cause wires to pull out on the one side. See figure 5.
7.2.8.3 Normally, after the rope has been discarded, the rope socket will be re-used. Before the
socket is used again, it should be inspected meticulously for any signs of physical damage or
cracks to ensure that it is suitable for its designated purpose.
7.2.9 Resin spelter sockets
7.2.9.1 Resin spelter sockets should comply with SANS 53411-4 or an equivalent standard.
7.2.9.2 Resin spelter sockets are inspected in the same way as the metallic spelter sockets.
See 7.2.8.
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Figure 4 — Designs of swaged sockets
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Figure 5 — A wire rope that was not adjusted before casting
7.3 Chain slings

7.3.1 Chain slings for lifting purposes shall comply with EN 818-1, EN 818-2, EN 818-3,
SANS 50818-4, EN 818-5, SANS 50818-6, or SANS 7593 in the case of alloy material of minimum
grade 8 short link type
7.3.2 Chain slings should be thoroughly cleaned to ensure they are free from oil and dust before
periodic inspections. Any cleaning method that does not damage the parent metal is acceptable.
Methods to avoid are those that might cause hydrogen embrittlement, overheating, removal of
metal or movement of metal which could cover cracks or surface defects.
7.3.3 A chain sling should immediately be quarantined or discarded if any of the following faults
are observed:
a) If identification and WLL markings are illegible or missing.
b) Distortion of the upper or lower terminal fittings.
c) Stretched, bent, twisted or deformed chain links or components. If the chain links are elongated
or if there is any lack of free articulation between links or noticeable difference in the branch
length of multi-branched slings, the chain might have been stretched. Where possible, as an
initial inspection procedure, it is recommended that the actual reach of the sling be measured
and recorded. This procedure allows a rapid indication of major deviation from the original
product.
d) Wear, nicks or gouges. Wear caused by contact with other objects usually occurs on the outside
of the straight portions or barrels of the links where it is easily seen and measured. Wear
between adjoining links in the interlink area is hidden (see figure 6). The chain shall be slack and
adjoining links rotated to expose the inner end of each link. Minimum thickness on chain links
shall not be below 90 % of the original thickness. A maximum wear of 10 % is allowed. Wear in
the interlink area will result in extending the pitch of the link. Shallow and rounded indentations in
areas of low tensile stress might be insignificant.
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e) Cracks or breaks.
f) Evidence of heat damage.
g) Excessive pitting or corrosion.
h) Welding spatter.
i) Other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt about the continued use of the
sling.
j) Incorrect assembly of the mechanical joining devices in slings of non-welded construction

(reference should be made to the manufacturer’s instructions).
k) For hooks fitted to chain slings, see 7.6.
Figure 6 — Interlink wear on links
7.4 Metal mesh slings
7.4.1 Metal mesh slings shall comply with accepted international standards. See figure 7.
Figure 7 — A metal mesh sling
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7.4.2 Metal mesh slings shall be removed from service if any of the following defects are present:
a) missing or illegible sling identification;
b) a broken weld or a broken brazed joint along the sling edge;
c) broken wire in any part of the mesh;
d) reduction in wire diameter of 25 % due to abrasion, or 15 % due to corrosion;
e) lack of flexibility due to distortion of the mesh;
f) distortion of the choker fitting such that the depth of the slot is increased by more than 10 %;
g) distortion of either end fitting such that the width of the eye opening is decreased by more than
10 %;
h) a 15 % reduction of the original cross-sectional area of any point around the hook opening of the
end fitting;
i) visible distortion of either end fitting such that an end fitting is out of its plane;
j) a cracked end fitting;
k) slings in which the spirals are locked or without free articulation shall not be used;
l) fittings that are pitted, corroded, cracked, bent, twisted, gouged, or broken; and
m) other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to the continued use of the sling.
7.5 Textile slings (endless round and flat eye type webbing slings)
7.5.1 Textile slings shall comply with SANS 94-1 and SANS 94-2.
7.5.2 Textile slings shall be inspected for the following:
a) If the WLL is in accordance with SANS 94-1 and SANS 94-2.
b) If the sling is of the correct colour for its rated WLL.
c) If the sling is made of polyester, that it is fitted with a blue identification label.
d) Flat eye type slings are fitted with reinforced eyes.
e) Legibility of the unique identification number.
f) Extent and severity of soiling. Heavy soiling can obscure damage, making detection difficult.
Heavy soiling can also make identification difficult when it obscures marking or colour coding.
Grit and dirt will pick up on the face of soiled webbing and can cause rapid wear and abrasion.
Where necessary, slings should be washed in clean water or cleaned in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions;
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g) Damaged eyes or terminal fittings. Cuts, abrasion and damage to stitching around folded eyes
and local protection should be carefully assessed. Terminal fittings should be checked for any
damage such as cracks, bruising or deformation. Particular attention should be paid to the
webbing where it passes around terminal fittings as this is a point of high wear and cutting can
occur from misuse.
h) Chafing of surfaces. Some chafing is acceptable if this is confined to the surface fibres. If the
webbing shows signs of local abrasion, as opposed to general wear, serious loss of strength
may occur.
i) Cuts. Both longitudinal and cross cuts that cut into the surface of the webbing result in loss of
strength. Cross cuts on the edges of flat web slings are particularly detrimental to the strength of
the sling, for example a 10 % cut can reduce the sling’s capacity by up to 25 %.
j) Areas affected by ultraviolet light, biological or chemical attack. Local weakening and softening
of the material may result from ultraviolet, biological or chemical attack. Such weakening is often
indicated by flaking of the surface fibres.
k) Heat and friction damage. The surface fibres take on a glazed appearance especially where the
fibres have melted and fused.
l) Weld spatter burns. Textile slings are often used in welding processes as they insulate the work
piece from the lifting appliance. Weld spatter will cause localized burning and will embed in the
webbing causing internal abrasion.
m) Damaged stitching. Damage to the stitching or looseness of the threads is cause for concern;
n) Loose webbing where the weft is soft and can be moved by hand.
o) Disturbance or discontinuance in the weave of fibres.
p) A single severe transverse cut or multiple cuts in a concentrated area of the sling on the outer
sacrificial sheath on round slings, and evidence of fibre withdrawal or abrasion.
q) Evidence of fibre extrusion.
r) Severed or frayed fibres.
s) Knots in round slings.
t) Other conditions, including visible damage that may cause doubt as to the continued use of the
sling.
7.6 Hooks
7.6.1 Hooks shall comply with SANS 1595, EN 1677-2, EN 1677-3 or an equivalent standard and
should be branded, specify grade of steel quality and size of chain for hook to be used on.
7.6.2 Hooks that have any of the following conditions shall be removed from service until repaired
or replaced:
a) any visibly apparent bend or twist from the plane of the unbent hook;
b) any distortion that causes an increase in throat opening exceeding 5 % (or as recommended by
the manufacturer);
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c) any wear that exceeds 10 % (or as recommended by the manufacturer) of the original section
dimension of the hook;
d) cracks;
e) if a latch is provided, a latch that is inoperative or fails to fully bridge the throat opening, in which
case the hook shall be removed from service until the device has been repaired or replaced;
f) on clevis type hooks, any visible wear on the load pin or opening of the clevis; and
g) on self-locking hooks, a spring latch that is not fully operational and a locking mechanism that
does not work.
7.7 Shackles
7.7.1 Shackles shall comply with SANS 2415 or an equivalent standard.
7.7.2 Shackles shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is visible:
a) a missing or illegible manufacturer’s name or trademark, WLL and shackle size;
d) bent, twisted, distorted, stretched, elongated, cracked, or broken load-bearing components;
f) a 10 % reduction of the original or catalogue dimension at any point around the body or pin;
g) incomplete pin engagement;
h) any evidence of thread damage on screw pin types;
i) evidence of unauthorized welding;
j) other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to the continued use of the
shackle; and
k) if an original bolt and nut or a pin has been substituted with a non-standard bolt, nut, or pin.
7.8 Eye bolts and eye nuts
7.8.1 Eye bolts and eye nuts shall comply with SANS 1596 or DIN 580 or DIN 582 or an equivalent
standard.
7.8.2 Eye bolts and eye nuts shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is
visible:
a) a missing or an illegible manufacturer’s name or trademark, thread size, WLL or material

identification symbol;
18 © SABS
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g) excessive thread damage or wear;
h) evidence of unauthorized welding or modification; and
i) other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to continued use.
7.9 Turn-buckles
7.9.1 Turn-buckles shall comply with ASTM F1145.
7.9.2 Turn-buckles shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is visible, and
shall only be returned to service when approved by a qualified person:
a) a missing or an illegible manufacturer’s name or trademark, thread size, WLL or material

identification symbol;
h) evidence of unauthorized welding or modification; and
i) other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to continued use.
7.10 Oblong master links and swivels

7.10.1 Oblong master links shall comply with EN 1677-4.
7.10.2 Master links shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is visible:
a) on the master link missing or an illegible manufacturer’s name, or trademark on the master link;
e) excessive nicks or gouges; and
f) a 10 % reduction of the original or catalogue dimension at any point.
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7.10.3 Swivels shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is visible:
a) excessive thread damage or wear;
b) evidence of unauthorized welding or modification;
c) in the case of swivels, lack of ability to freely rotate when not loaded;
d) in the case of swivels, loose or missing nuts, bolts, cotter pins, snap rings, or other fasteners or
retaining devices; and
e) other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to continued use.
7.11 Swivel hoist rings
7.11.1 Swivel hoist rings shall comply with ASME B30.26.
7.11.2 Swivel hoist rings shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is visible:
a) a missing or an illegible manufacturer’s name or trademark, or rated load identification;
h) evidence of unauthorized welding or modification;
i) lack of the ability to freely rotate or pivot; and
j) other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to continued use.
7.12 Lifting points
7.12.1 Lifting points shall comply with ASME B30.26 or equivalent standards.
7.12.2 Lifting points shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is visible:
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7.13 Snatch blocks
7.13.1 Snatch blocks shall comply with SANS 1819.
7.13.2 Snatch blocks shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is visible:
7.14 Chain sling coupling links
7.14.1 Chain sling coupling links shall comply with SANS 8539.
7.14.2 Body halves shall be able to swivel freely.
7.14.3 The pin shall be properly secured and should only be able to be removed by using physical
force.
7.14.4 Locking devices shall be fully operational and free from cracks.
7.14.5 Check for wear, nicks and gouges, bending, twisting or any other defect on all parts of the
chain sling coupling links.
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8 Records
8.1 The following documentation shall be on record and readily available:
a) the original manufacturer’s certificate or a certificate that states compliance with the
requirements of the required standard;
b) reports of all mandatory inspections with integrated checklists; and
c) reports of modifications or repair (or both) of sling assemblies.
8.2 Records may be in any suitable format.
8.3 Records of lifting tackle that have been removed from service shall be kept separately from
records of lifting tackle in use.
8.4 Each log entry shall be signed by the LTI and should contain details of that person’s name and
signature.
8.5 All records shall be kept for at least two years and shall be made available for examination, if
required.
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Bibliography
EN 13414-2, Steel wire rope slings – Safety – Part 2: Specification for information for use and
maintenance to be provided by the manufacturer.
Federal Specification RR-C-271F, Federal specification: Chains and attachments, carbon and alloy
steel.
SANS 687, Inspection and testing of non-fixed load-lifting attachments.
SANS 813, Clamps for wire ropes.
SANS 2262/ISO 2262, General purpose thimbles for use with steel wire ropes – Specification.
SANS 2408/ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes for general purposes – Minimum requirements.
SANS 3056/ISO 3056, Non-calibrated round steel link lifting chain and chain slings – Use and
maintenance.
SANS 10293 (SABS 0293), Condition assessment of steel wire ropes on mine winders.
SANS 53411-1/EN 13411-1, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 1: Thimbles for steel
wire rope slings.
SANS 53411-7/EN 13411-7, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 7: Symmetric wedge
socket.
SANS 53411-8/EN 13411-8, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 8: Swage terminals
and swaging.
______________
© SABS 23

Sans 2972:2018 Lifting Tackle Inspection

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SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Lifting tackle — Inspections

Published by the South African Bureau of Standards

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SABS – Standards Division

SABS Customer Services provide comprehensive standards-related information on national, regional

This document was approved for publication in July 2018.

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ...................................................................................... 4

5 Facilities, information and equipment ..................................................................................... 5

7 Requirements for inspections ................................................................................................. 7

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Lifting tackle — Inspections

ASTM F1145, Standard specification for turnbuckles, swaged, welded, forged.

DIN 580, Lifting eyebolts.

DIN 582, Lifting eye nuts.

EN 1677-4, Components for slings – Safety – Part 4: Links – Grade 8.

SANS 1819, Snatch blocks.

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

OEM original equipment manufacturer

5 Facilities, information and equipment

a) adequate lighting, free from shadows;

6.1.1 The following inspections are applicable:

a) pre-use inspections performed by the trained user; and

b) mandatory inspections performed by the LTI.

6.2 Pre-use inspections

6.3 Mandatory inspections

a) where operational conditions are conducive to equipment being damaged;

b) multi-shift and full shift operations;

d) highly abrasive environments or loads;

e) impact or shock loading; and

f) corrosive environments or loads;

6.3.2 Inspection registers and checklists shall be completed.

7 Requirements for inspections

a) missing or illegible sling identification traceable to the OEM or its representative;

b) absence of working load limit (WLL)/safe working load (SWL);

d) severe localized abrasion or scraping;

f) evidence of heat damage, including welding spatter or arc strikes;

j) permanent loops in the rope known as "dog legs" or "kink"; and

7.1.3 In the case of hooks, removal requirements in 7.6 apply.

7.2 Wire rope end fittings

a) missing or illegible manufacturer’s identification or grip or clip size;

b) indications of heat damage including welding spatter or arc strikes;

c) excessive pitting or corrosion;

d) bent, twisted, distorted, stretched, elongated, cracked, or broken components;

e) excessive nicks or gouges;

f) a 10 % reduction of the original or catalogue dimension at any point;

g) evidence of unauthorized welding or modification;

h) unauthorized replacement components;

i) insufficient number of wire rope clips;

j) improperly tightened wire rope clips; and

k) indications of wire rope slippage.

7.2.2 Asymmetric wedge sockets

7.2.2.3 Particular attention should be paid to the following:

c) the security and tightness of wedge fittings;

d) whether wedge sockets have been fitted correctly;

f) indications of heat damage including welding spatter or arc strikes;

g) excessive pitting or corrosion;

h) bent, twisted, distorted, stretched, elongated, cracked, or broken components;

i) excessive nicks or gouges;

j) a 10 % reduction of the original or catalogue dimension at any point;

k) evidence of unauthorized welding or modification; and