CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE

Research Design

The researcher will apply the descriptive type of research with structured

questionnaires as the main instrument for gathering the data which are designed

to determine the Effects of Migration with the help of Senior High School students

of San Pascual Senior High school 1 as the respondents of the study.

According to Dudovsky (2017), descriptive research is “aimed at casting

light on current issues or problems through a process of data collection that

enables them to describe the situation more completely than what’s possible

without employing this method.” Through this research method, the researcher is

able to get at meaning of the data gathered and give implications in a form of

proposed activities.

Descriptive research is a type of research that provides an accurate

portrayal of characteristics of a particular individual, situation, or group. These

studies are a means of discovering new meaning, describing what exists,

determining the frequency with which something occurs, and categorizing

information. In other words, the descriptive research attempts to describe,

explain and interpret conditions of the present (Pedreza, 2015). It is designed for

the investigator to gather information about the present existing conditions. It has

two principal aims, namely: (1) to describe the nature of situation as it exists at

the time of the study, and (2) to explore the causes of particular phenomenon.
Hence, the researcher employed this method to find out present situation

regarding on effects of migration to the students of San Pascual Senior High

School 1.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will include 297 Senior High School

Students of San Pascual Senior High School 1 respectively. The method of

stratified random sampling was used to develop the sample of the research

under discussion. Rendering to this method, which belongs to the category of

probability sampling techniques, the sample members where computed

manually. This includes the 1162 population size and the 5% margin of error. The

result of the computation reveals the 297 students as the respondents of the

study. The sample members who were selected has special relationship with

phenomenon under investigation. The sample will come from the students of

Senior High level of San Pascual Senior High school 1. It is located at San

Antonio, San Pascual, Batangas.

 Table 1

Frequency Distribution of the Respondents

Strand Percentage Frequency

STEM 7% 21

ABM 22% 65

I.A 17% 50

HE 4% 12

HUMSS 50% 149

TOTAL 100% 297

It can be seen from the table that there are 297 students from the

different strands in San Pascual Senior High 1. Accordingly, 21 students from

STEM which constituted 7%, 65 students from ABM which constituted 22%, 50

students from I.A which constituted 17%, and 149 students from HUMSS which

constituted 50%, 12 students from HE which constituted 4%.

The researchers made sure that those who answer the standardized

questionnaire were willing to participate and conveniently available to answer

during the time of administration of the questionnaire.

Research Instrument

The study made use of questionnaire to gather information which is used

in the results and discussion. The questionnaire was presented as a rating scale.

It aims to define the situation and to explore the effects of migration to the
students. A survey question was prepared, validated, distributed, tallied and

interpreted to identify the effects of migration in terms of social, economic and

academic aspects of life. The distributed questionnaire includes a letter to the

respondents, the students’ demographic profile and the questions needed to

answer the research questions. Part one includes the letter to the respondents

containing the greetings to the students and the purpose of the study as well as

the title of the study. Part two includes the students’ demographic profile in which

the name, grade and strand, and the economic status of the respondents are

included. Part three includes a question answerable by the descriptors Yes or

No. Part four includes the questions needed to be answered by the students. The

questions are answerable using the descriptors: Strongly Agree, Agree,

Disagree, and Strongly Disagree. In the questionnaire presented, items 1, 5, 10,

13 and 15 presents the perspective of students in economic effects of migration.

Items 2, 4, 6, 8 and 11 reveals the social effects of migration. Lastly, items 3, 7,

9, 12 and 14 will showcase the academic effects of migration. Approval to

distribute the questionnaires and conduct the study was secured from the past

researcher, Padero & Dequinia (2018). An authorization letter is hereby produced

to use their structured questionnaire as basis of strengthening our research. The

researchers then distributed the survey forms and conducted the study

personally. The study was administered before the Second Quarterly Exam.
 Table 1

Scoring of the Responses

Range Verbal Interpretation Characteristics

46-60 Strongly Agree The respondents can

relate to the effects of

migration presented in

the questionnaire.

31-45 Agree The respondents can

partially relate to the

effects of migration

presented in the

questionnaire.

16-30 Disagree The respondents can

relate barely to the

effects of migration

presented in the study.

0-15 Strongly Disagree The respondents cannot

relate to the effects of

migration at all.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers provide and discuss the title of their research. They consult

to their research adviser, Mr. Dacut. After that, they work for the introduction of
their research. They make sure that the introduction of their research is approved

by the research advisers. The researchers continue in searching some articles

about their topic for their review of related literature, which are gathered and

compared from each other. In their researches, they select those part of an article

that have deep connection and can briefly explain those questions that they want

to have an accurate answer. The researcher will give his request letter to use the

questionnaire of the past authors to strengthen the research. Upon approval, the

researcher will secure permission from the school head and Senior High School

students of where the respondents will be taken. After the researcher’s structured

survey questionnaires have been checked, the researcher will seek information at

San Pascual Senior High school 1 to gather the data needed in the research.

Respondents will be requested to honestly and properly respond to the item

presented and they will be guided by the researcher at the end of the study after

they finalize their research, with the help of their proposed activities.

Statistical Treatment of the Study

Statistical treatment of data is essential in order to make use of data in the

right form. Raw data collection is only one aspect of any experiment: the

organization of data is equally important so that appropriate conclusion can be

drawn.

Frequency. This was used to know the distribution of respondents to the

demographic profile variables of grade and section, age, gender, and economic

status of the respondents.

Percentage. This was used to know the percentage of the respondents with regard

to the demographic profiles of grade and section, age, gender, and economic

status of the respondents.

Weighted Mean. This was used in the study in determining respondents’ level on

the factors that determines migration and factors that prompted migration among

the respondents.

Ranking. This was used to indicate the relative score ranging from highest to

lowest.

Slovin’s Formula is used by the researchers to determine the total population

needed in the study. According to Juma (2018), Slovin’s is used to estimate the

sample data that should be taken to represent the total population, to obtain results

of a certain accuracy (accuracy expressed as %, decimal or fraction) in a random

sample.