SUMBER REJEKI
ANALYZE FLOW RATE PRODUCTION OF OIL WITH PROSPER
Arief Ashrofi, STT MIGAS Balikpapan
Copyright 2019, Sumber Rejeki
This paper was made to fulfill the assignment given by Pak Sri Konsep Harum Wicaksono in the Well
Stimulation college at STT MIGAS Balikpapan.
This paper is equipped with a general description that the author puts in the abstract. All forms of content,
both in the form of pictures and writings must have permission from the author if you want to copy.
Abstract
In addition to the ability of a formation to
produce a fluid, well productivity can also
be seen from the maximum point that can
be reached by the flow rate. Evaluation of
oil production wells in this paper is
obtained from the management of data
assisted by Prosper by utilizing reservoir
data and production data that have been
there before. The models that used in the
application are PI Entry and Darcy. This
paper presents the best flow rate
optimization of the 2 models used, seen
from the oil flow rate data. With skin
sensitivity on the Darcy model usage.
Keywords: PI Entry, Darcy, oil flow rate,
optimization, skin
Introduction
Normally, fluid from the reservoir will flow
by itself to the surface. That is because
there is a difference in pressure between
the top and subsurface (drawdown
pressure), the lower sub-surface the
pressure will be higher. Flow also
supported by the nature of the fluid which
is looking for the lower pressure. The
magnitude of this pressure also affects the
flow rate that will be obtained. Because
the production is carried out continuously
and over a long period of time. Pressure
will decrease further, it will also have an
impact on the flow rate that obtained.
Therefore, optimization of the flow rate is
needed to meet production targets.
In addition, there are also several
parameters at the time of production that
can affect the flow rate that obtained.
One of the many parameters is skin.
Flow rate can be defined as the speed or
rapidness of a fluid or gas that flows
through a channel or a vessel. This rate is
a means of measuring the speed or
velocity of liquid or gas that is meant to
flow from a particular channel, pipe or a
vessel. By determining how much mass or
volume of gas or liquid passes per unit
time, scientists can determine how deep
the wells are to be dug or appraised in
order to reach the reservoir.
The flow rate of oil and gas holds a very
important role in the upstream sector of
the petroleum industry.
The field production phase of the well
test, in which a flow test is conducted to
gather the data from an underground
source of oil and natural gas, determines
the production range of a well and
whether it can be used for production or
not. Therefore, tests are carried out at an
oil field after it has been dug. The tests
conducted over these fields help
engineers to analyze the health of the well
and its further requirements.
Methodology
This paper will look for the best
optimization based on the given model—
PI Entry and Darcy—assisted by Prosper.
This application is a part or one of the
methods contained in the Integrated
Petroleum Modeling (IPM). Prosper is a
performance, design and optimization
program for modeling the best types
found in the oil and gas industry
worldwide.
Figure 3. System summary display.

3. After that, click 2x on the PVT Data

box then enter the PVT Data that
provided before then click done.

Figure 1. IPM-Prosper

Following are the steps to apply flow rate

optimization using Prosper's assist—with
PI Entry as a reservoir model.

PI Entry method

1. Open the Prosper application. A

home screen will appear as shown
Figure 4. PVT Data input.
in Figure 2.
4. Then click 2x in the IPR Data box,
select PI Entry for the reservoir
model, then fill the data with data
that provided before.

Figure 2. Prosper’s Homescreen.

2. Then click 2x in the Option

Summary box in the upper left and
enter the production system data
that has been given then click
done.

Figure 5. IPR Data input.

5. Next, click 1x on the Input Data

that is still in box 3 (the IPR box)
 then fill the data that have been
provided before.

Figure 10. The result from the first box

7. After getting the IPR Curve, then

Figure 6. IPR Data column (Input Data: Reservoir
Model)
6. After that click calculate then an
IPR Curve will appear based on the
data that has been inputted
before, then click finish and done.
we have to ascertain whether our
well is dead or alive by inputting
VLP (Vertical Lift Performance)
data where if it intersects with the
IPR then the well is declared alive,
when it does not intersect then
the well has died.

8. The next step is click 2x on the

Equipment Data box, then check
the Deviation Survey, Downhole
Equipment, Geothermal Gradient,
and Average Heat Capacities
columns, click on each white box
to input the required data. Then
change the status to "yes" in the
Figure 8. IPR Curve
Disable Surface Equipment
With data, column.

Figure 9. IPR Curve Data

Figure 11. Equipment Data display box.

9. Click the Deviation Survey white
box then enter the data required
and click done.

Figure 14. Downhole Equipment data input

12. Then click the Geothermal

Gradient white box and fill in the
required data then click done.

Figure 12. Deviation Survey data input

10. Then, ignored Surface Equipment

part.

Figure 13. Surface Equipment data input Figure 15. Geothermal Gradient data input

11. Then click the Downhole
Equipment white box then enter at
number 2, 3, and number 4
respectively Tubing, SSSV and
Casing, then input the required
data and click done.
13. Then click the white box on
Average Heat Capacities then fill in
the required data and click done.
Then return to the Equipment
Data column and click done.
Figure 16. Average Heat Capacities data input

14. Click Calculation at the top of the

layout menu then click System
(Ipr+Vlp) then select 3 Variables to
see the curves between IPR vs VLP,
here we can also use the
sensitivity provided.
16. Then click Calculate and wait until
the Calculation process is
complete. And click Plot and
System Plot to show the curve.
17. Then the curve the relationship
between IPR and VLP will appear
which has an oil rate of 12,998
STB/day.

15. Then fill Top Node Pressure with a

Figure 17. Grafik IPR vs VLP or OPR.
value of 10bar, total GOR 142, and
water cut 0% then click continue. With data,
 Up to step 17, the treatment for PI
Entry also applies to the Darcy
method. But there are additional skin
parameters to the Darcy method.

Figure 18. IPR vs VLP curve with PI Entry Method

Figure 21. Skin parameters

Darcy method
All of steps for this reservoir model Then click calculate and wait until the
are the same as PI Entry. The calculation process is complete then click
difference lies in step 4 and the
Plot and select the plot system then an
addition of skin sensitivity in this
IPR vs VLP curves will appear that has
reservoir model.
been given the Skin parameter.

Figure 19. The differences between

PI Entry dan Darcy
Figure 22. One of the result of Skin calculation

Then the IPR vs VLP curves that has been

given the sensitivity of the skin with
known data and an oil rate difference
occurs after doing some of these steps.

Figure 20. IPR curve, Darcy method


Figure 23. Relationship between IPR vs VLP with
sensitivity Skin, Darcy method
Case Study
To optimize the flow rate to match the
target that we want to achieve, then we
need to try several parameters to test the
data that has been provided. One
sensitivity that can be used is skin. But this
sensitivity can only be done on the Darcy
reservoir model. Skin values used are 1, 5,
10, 20, and 50.
The value of the skin will be inversely
proportional to the oil rate. This is
because the skin will decrease the
permeability value which causes the flow
rate to decrease.
Figure 24. IPR curves Darcy method before putting skin.
Analysis
With the basis stated in the case study
section, the following is the result of flow
rate analysis using Prosper. The natural
flow rate of PI Entry method is 17,347.3
stb/day. While the natural flow rate of
the Darcy method before being given
sensitivity is 14,959 stb/day.
Following are the results of using the
sensitivity of the skin factor using the
Darcy method,
Skin analyze
There are 5 skin points that will be used as
a plot for this Nodal Skin Analysis. The
result is the flow rate when the Skin at
number 1 is 10,367.2 stb/day. While the
numbers 5, 10, 20, and 50 are 7,180.6
stb/day, 5,101.9 stb/day, 3,231.7
stb/day, and 1,521 stb/day.
Figure 25. Result of Skin 1.
With the skin, the flow rate will continue
to reduce.
Summary
The statements in the case studies are
evident from the results of the analysis
which is aided by the use of Prosper. The
bigger the skin, the smaller the flow rate
and vice versa.
Recommendation
Well stimulation should be carried out to
further reduce existing Skin Factor, so the
flow rate obtained is more optimum in
the Darcy method.
Refferences
Ariadji, Tutuka. 2017. Esensi &
Fondasi Perencanaan, Pengembangan
Lapangan Migas. Bandung: ITB.
Guo, Boyun, William C. Lions, Ali
Ghalambor. 2007. Petroleum Production
Engineering: A Computer-Assisted
Approach. Lousiana: Elsevier Sience &
Technology Books.