HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS

OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

How “social context”
shaped and were shaped by S&T

1. Ancient period
2. Middle Ages
3. Modern Ages and including
4. Philippine Inventions and innovations
 Intended Learning Outcomes

• 1. Discuss the historical antecedents os science and

technology across time; and
• 2. Explain how Philippine scientific and technological
inventions shaped and were shaped by various social
context

• ** Antecedent is defined as a precursor to the

unfolding or existence of something
 History of Science and Technology
• How science and technology have changed across time
• Explore the impacts of scientific and technological innovations on the
prevailing social, cultural, political, and economic context throughout
history
• Conditions that shaped S&T
 ANCIENT PERIOD
3,000 BC – 500 AD period.
• The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years
• beginning with Sumerian Cuneiform script; the oldest discovered
form of coherent writing from the protoliterate period around the
30th century BC.
• Ancient History covers all continents inhabited by humans
SUMERIAN WHEEL
Potter’s Wheel
How did the wheel improve farm production?
What are some of the ways that modern society
would be different without the use of the wheel?
Papyrus blank page
 Papyrus

Plant Making
 SHADOOF
a pole with a bucket and counterweight used especially in Egypt
for raising water.
 Antikythera mechanism
• is an ancient Greek analogue computer used to
predict astronomical positions and eclipses for
calendar and astrological purposes decades in
advance.
Antikythera mechanism
 Aeolipile
• An (or aeolipyle, or eolipile), also known as a Hero's
engine, is a simple, bladeless radial steam turbine
which spins when the central water container is
heated. Torque is produced by steam jets exiting the
turbine, much like a tip jet or rocket engine.
 MIDDLE AGES
• In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or
medieval period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th
century.
• It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire
and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of
Discovery.
 HEAVY PLOUGH
• The world changed when a plough that could plough deep
and turn over heavy clay soil was invented in the Middle
Ages.
• The invention of the heavy plough made it possible to
harness areas with clay soil, and clay soil was more fertile
than the lighter soil types. This led to prosperity and literally
created a breeding ground for economic growth and cities –
especially in Northern Europe.
HEAVY PLOUGH FOR AGRICULTURE IN
MODERN TIMES
HEAVY PLOUGH IN MEDIAVAL DURING THE
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
 GUNPOWDER
• Gunpowder, also known as black powder to
distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the
earliest known chemical explosive. It consists of a
mixture of sulfur (S), charcoal (C), and potassium
nitrate (saltpeter, KNO3).
GUNPOWDER
WARRIOR USING GUNPOWDER IN WEAPONS
 PAPER MONEY
• Paper bills were first used by the Chinese, who started
carrying folding money during the Tang Dynasty (A.D.
618-907) — mostly in the form of privately issued bills
of credit or exchange notes —
• and used it for more than 500 years before the
practice began to catch on in Europe in the 17th
century.
•Tang and Song Dynasties The Tang and Song
dynasties are known as Golden Ages in Chinese
history. The earlier Han dynasty collapsed for
several reasons. Weak leadership caused internal
problems, and Huns from Central Asia swept in
and took control. Between 220 and 618 CE,
China was divided into three kingdoms. In 618
CE, the Tang came to power and ushered in
almost 300 years of expansion, prosperity, and
innovation.
•Confucianism was made the basis of
government, and a system of civil service
examinations was instituted by which men were
selected for public office. Buddhism was
supported by most Tang emperors, and
historians believe the religion had its greatest
influence during this dynasty. The Chinese during
the Tang dynasty were also noted for their
beautiful poetry and fine porcelain wares.
•The Tang dynasty was overthrown in 907 CE by
one of its own generals. The next 53 years
brought another period of warfare between
states competing for control of China. In 960 CE,
a period of stability began under the Song and
lasted until 1279, when the Mongols invaded
China and took control
• As in the Tang dynasty, China during the Song
dynasty was prosperous, organized, and efficiently
run. People had time to devote to the arts.
Landscape painting became an important art style.
Poetry and history flourished. Chinese porcelain,
known popularly as china, became a prized trade
good. Either white or colored, plain or delicately
painted, these earthenware bowls, plates, pitchers,
and decorative pieces were produced in China for
1,000 years before Europeans discovered the
process.
MECHANICAL CLOCK
MECHANICAL CLOCK
SPINNING WHEEL
 MODERN AGES
• The modern period has been a period of significant
development in the fields of science, politics, warfare,
and technology. It has also been an age of
discovery and globalization. During this time,
the European powers and later their colonies, began a
political, economic, and cultural colonization of the
rest of the world.
 MODERN AGES
• By the late 19th and 20th centuries, modernist art, politics,
science and culture has come to dominate not
only Western Europe and North America, but almost every
civilized area on the globe, including movements thought
of as opposed to the west and globalization. The modern
era is closely associated with the development
of individualism,[18] capitalism,[19] urbanization[18] and a
belief in the possibilities of technological and
political progress.
 MICROSCOPE
Janssen’s compound
mocroscope 18th-century microscopes
 TELESCOPE

ONE OF GALILEO’S 1ST TELESCOPE GALILEO’S TELESCOPE

 LOOM

JACQUARD LOOM MODERN DAY JACQUARD LOOM

Wright brothers National Memorial airplane
Pictured is Orville Wright flying in the Wright
Brothers glider at Kitty Hawk in 1911
John Logie Baird with his television apparatus,
circa 1925
 The first known photograph of a moving
image produced by Baird's "televisor", as
An early experimental television broadcast reported in The Times, 28 January 1926
FILIPINO INVENTION
YOYO