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5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes all the results obtained from this study and indicates that the
5.2 Conclusion
A series of experiments and simulation was carried out in order to investigate the
mechanism. The constant force spring failed at the center of constant force spring tangential
The maximum torque that applied to the constant force spring when it is in the
maximum deflection is 62672 Nmm which is much lower than the maximum design torque,
1335496.2 Nmm. This shows that the torque applied to the constant force spring in Starburst
Visual inspection and macroscopic examination of the fracture surface of the constant
force spring revealed the direction of crack propagation and several beach marks. Result from
metallographic examination showed there were macrocracks on grain boundaries. These
The hardness test shows that the microhardness at the location near to the fracture area
is lower than at a location far from the fracture area. It is believed that the fracture has
Image from SEM revealed multiple porosities which is most probably the point of
crack initiation. Image from SEM also revealed the fatigue striations on the fracture surface of
the failed constant force spring. These features are the evidence that the constant force spring
Based on the simulation carried out, it can be concluded that the constant force spring
has not yielded as the maximum Von Mises stress obtained is 455.6 Mpa. The yield stress of
the material is 520 MPa. However the stress analysis has given an indication that the stress
concentration at the center of constant force spring tangential to the smaller mandrel is higher
The result obtained from the simulation showed that there is only small displacement
occurred in the constant force spring. The maximum displacement is 1.19644 mm.
Result obtained from simulation of fatigue analysis showed that the minimum life of
constant force spring is 4991 cycles. This agrees with the analytical analysis result which is
4185 cycles. However it should be observed that the result obtained is only an estimation.
5.3 Recommendation
From the findings of this study, the following recommendations were proposed to
b) The constant force spring should be changed after the estimation cycles to failure.
c) Rest position of the Starburst LML should be changed from -8° depression to 45°
elevation in order to avoid the constant force spring to be the maximum deflection
considered.
The study is conducted with the constant force spring analyzed as single layer which
may have affected the result of the simulation. To improve the study, it is essential that the
In addition, experimental procedures on the fatigue life of the constant force spring in