What is GIS

A geographic information system (GIS) is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing
data. Rooted in the science of geography, GIS integrates many types of data. It analyzes spatial
location and organizes layers of information into visualizations using maps and 3D scenes. With
this unique capability, GIS reveals deeper insights into data, such as patterns, relationships, and
situations—helping users make smarter decisions.
Two types of Date can be created in GIS
1. Raster Data Model
2. Vector Data Model
1. Raster GIS
Raster is nothing but an array of Grid cells, each cell is called Pixel (picture element).
The mixel is converted into the Pixel but how it is converted dependent on the
generalization

Raster is good for Continuous data while Vector is Good for Discrete data

2. Vector GIS
Vector GIS is based on points, lines and polygons

Common data format of GIS

Coverage files, Shape files, Geodatabase

Map Documents
When you save file in Arch GIS, it stores as a File on the disk, map document does not store
data except when linked with data source. Map document make it easy to save, reuse and
share your work in ArcMap

Two Types of GIS Coordinate systems

1. Geographic Coordinate system (never use it to make map in GIS)
  Un-projected
 Map units are in decimals Degree
2. Projected Coordinates
 Data is projected
 Map units are in feet or meters