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Lesson: 5

SOCIAL WORK METHODS


AND TOOLS
LEARNING COMPETENCIES

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

 identify and explain the different methods of social work


Describe the different tools in social work practices
Knowledge

Demonstrate and apply the different methods and tools utilized


Skills in social work practices.
METHODS OF SOCIAL WORK

1.Social Casework is a helping process that


consist of a variety of activities that may
include the giving of material assistance,
referrals to the other community facilities,
rendering emotional and psychological
support through sensitive listening,
expressions of acceptance and reassurance.
a. Environmental modification - the steps
taken by a caseworker to change the
environment in the client’s favor through
the direct action of the worker.
b.Psychological support – this is
demonstrated through the caseworker’s
acceptance, confidence, and interest in the
client by way of motivating the client to freely
express her/his feelings ang thoughts.
c.Clarification – usually this goes along with
psychological support, and the dominant
tone is understanding by the client of her/
himself, her/his environment, and/or people
with whom she/he associated. Significantly
directed toward increasing the ego’s ability to
see external realities more clearly to
understand clients own feelings and behavior.
d. Insight development – involves carrying
understanding to a deeper level than the
described in clarification wherein current and
past experiences must be re-lived in
therapeutic atmosphere in order to bring
irrationalities clearly into the surface and they
can recognized from the safety of the
treatment situation to real life later on.
2. Social Group Work – is a process and
method trough which group life is affected
by a worker who consciously guides the
interaction process towards the
accomplishment of goals which are
conceived in a democratic frame reference.
3. Community Organization – is a process
by which a community identifies its needs
or objectives.

4. Social Action/Social Reform – is an


organization effort with the aim of securing
social progress and solving mass social
problems by influencing legislation of social
services.
5. Social Work Research – involves a critical
inquiry and the scientific testing of the
validity of social work organization, function,
and methods in order to verify, generalize,
and extend social work knowledge and skills.
6. Social Welfare Administration – is the
administration of public and private social
agencies designed and organized to achieve
the full effect of the service for which they
have been established.
Friedlander (1995) explains the function of
social welfare administration. These can be
categorized into seven functions;
a. Planning – this is the process of
envisioning the future structure and
operation of the social agency including the
determination and clarification of the
agency’s objectives, functions, and policies
to be pursued.
b. Organizing – this provides the
administrative structure of the agency to
determine the function of the “group of
ultimate control,” such as the members of a
private family welfare agency, of the
“governing board,” of the executive and of
the staff.
c. Staffing – this refers to the human
resource of personal administration, which
includes the realization of the agency’s
tenure, salary, vacations and working
conditions.

d. Directing – this function of the executive


involving the responsibility for final
decisions of administrative process of the
agency.
e. Coordination – this is the distinct
determination of each staff member’s
assignment and the establishment of lines
responsibility and authority.

f. Reporting – rendering to the governing


board, to the membership legislative body
and to the public an account to agency’s
work.
g. Budgeting – mobilization, disbursement,
and control of the financial resources of the
agency.

TOOLS IN SOCIAL WORK


The use of certain tools is necessary to
facilitates the achievement of the goals and
objectives set by the worker with the client
in the helping relationship.
1. Interview – involves a face-to-face
interaction or meeting between two or more
persons, directed toward a purpose like to
obtaining formation and facts, to give
instruction, and to help.

Skills to have an effective interview:


a. Skills in relating with the interviewee;
b. Skills in observing the interviewee;
c. Skills in listening
d. Skills in asking questions;
e. Skills in answering personal questions;
and
f. Interpreting the clients response

Helpful tips and reminders presented by


Mendoza (2002) when conducting interview:
a. Prepare for the interview
b. Always start by making the client feel
comfortable
c. Use your intuition or “sixth sense”
d. Exercise care in the use of interview
instruments like intake and survey forms.
e. Be conscious of time
f. Do not rush into direct action or help
without fully understanding the client’s
situation
g. The interview should have proper
deportment.

2. Communication – to share or impart is a


two way process which usually starts with
the source initiating the process and the
receiver responding.
The following important elements of
communication:
a. Source
b. Message
c. Channel
d. Receiver
e. Feedback
3. Records – importance of keeping
records is to be able to identify the clients
being served, to determine the kind of
services rendered to them.
Types of records prepared by social workers
and social welfare agencies include but not
limited to the ff:

a. Intake Forms
b. Summary records
c. Survey Reports
d. Case Study
e. Summarized Process Recordings
f. Progress Note/Reports
g. Case Conference Reports
h. Home Vacation/Home Study Reports
i. Periodic Evaluate Summaries
j. Transfer Summaries
k. Final Evaluation Statement
l. After Care Reports
m. Closing Summary
4. Community Resources – use of concrete
community resources which includes the
programs and services offered by different
agencies and organization.

5. Program/Program Activities – refers to


everything that happens in the life of the
group or activities that entails a certain
amount of definite planning.
6. Ecological Map (ECO-MAP) – this tool
depicts the family or individual in the life
space and allows us to see the client not as
an isolated entity for study but as a part of a
complex ecological system.

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