Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
com
ScienceDirect
Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 11 (2015) 491 – 498
*OREDO&KDOOHQJHV3ROLF\)UDPHZRUN 6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQWIRU0LQLQJRI
0LQHUDODQG)RVVLO(QHUJ\5HVRXUFHV*&3)
(IIHFWRI+HDWRQ8QGHUJURXQG0LQH:RUNHUV
7ULSWL0DXU\DD
.DLODVK.DUHQDE+DUVKD9DUGKDQD0$UXQDD0*RYLQGD
5DMD
a
Dept. of Mining Engineering, NITK Surathkal, Mangalore 575 025,Karnataka, India
b
Shiva Consultancy Group, Sola Science City Road, Sola, Ahmedabad 380 060, Gujarat
$EVWUDFW
3K\VLFDO VWUHVV RI DQ\ NLQG PD\ EH WKHUPDO QRLVH YLEUDWLRQV REMHFWLYH OLJKWLQJ LPSURSHU EDURPHWULF SUHVVXUH
LRQL]LQJUDGLDWLRQHWFKDVDFRQVLGHUDEOHHIIHFWRQKXPDQSHUIRUPDQFH7KLVGHOHWHULRXVHIIHFWLVJUDGXDOLQQDWXUH
LQFRQWUDVWWRPDFKLQHZKLFKFDXVHVXGGHQGURSLQSHUIRUPDQFHLILWJHWVRXWRIRUGHU,QRWKHUZRUGVWKHUHLVD
JUDFHIXOGHJUDGDWLRQRIKXPDQSHUIRUPDQFHRQDFFRXQWRIVWUHVV7KHUHDVRQEHKLQGWKLVLVWKDWKXPDQEHLQJKDV
PDUNHGWROHUDQFHIRUERWKSK\VLFDODQGPHQWDOVWUHVV+HDWVWUHVVLVDOVRDPRQJVXFKFDXVHVZKLFKUHGXFHVRQH¶V
HIILFLHQF\WRGRZRUN+HDWVWUHVVLVWKHVXPRIDOOWKHLQWHUQDODQGH[WHUQDOKHDWIDFWRUVZKLFKFDXVHWKHERG\WR
EHFRPH IDWLJXHG DQG GLVWUHVVHG ,QWHUQDO IDFWRUV WKDWGHWHUPLQH WKH OHYHORI KHDW VWUHVV RQ WKH ERG\ LQFOXGH FRUH
ERG\WHPSHUDWXUHDFFOLPDWL]DWLRQQDWXUDOKHDWWROHUDQFHDQGPHWDEROLFKHDWJHQHUDWHGE\WKHZRUNORDG([WHUQDO
IDFWRUV LQFOXGH DPELHQW DLU WHPSHUDWXUH UDGLDQW KHDW DLU YHORFLW\ DQG KXPLGLW\ 7KLV LV D YHU\ VHULRXV LVVXH QRW
RQO\IRUPLQLQJIUDWHUQLW\EXWIRUDOOWKHFLYLODQGFRQVWUXFWLRQZRUNVDOVR5XOLQJWKLVSUREOHPRXWZLOOKHOSXVWR
LPSURYHWKHTXDOLW\RIZRUNSURGXFWLRQFDSDFLW\DVZHOODVZRUNHUVKHDOWK
© 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRIWKH*OREDO&KDOOHQJHV3ROLF\)UDPHZRUN
Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the Global Challenges, Policy Framework &
6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQWIRU0LQLQJRI0LQHUDODQG)RVVLO(QHUJ\5HVRXUFHV
Sustainable Development for Mining of Mineral and Fossil Energy Resources.
Keywords:SK\VLFDOVWUHVVKHDWVWUHVVDFFOLPDWL]DWLRQDPELHQWDLUWHPSHUDWXUHKHDWWROHUDQFHUDGLDQWKHDWDLUYHORFLW\
KXPLGLW\
,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KH KXPDQ ERG\ DFWV DV EODFN ERG\ LQ WHUPV RI KHDW H[FKDQJH ZLWK HQYLURQPHQW /LNH DQ\ EODFN
VXUIDFH LW DEVRUEV DQG UDGLDWHV KHDW UHDGLO\ WKHUHE\ SURYLGLQJ WKH ZHOOHVWDEOLVKHG PD[LP ³JRRG
DEVRUEV DUH JRRG UDGLDWRUV DQG YLFHYHUVD´ :KHQ WKH ERG\ LV QRW DEOH WR PDLQWDLQ LWV FRQVWDQW
WHPSHUDWXUHLHLWLVQRWDEOHWRGLVVLSDWHWKHH[WUDKHDWWRWKHHQYLURQPHQWWKHERG\FDQH[SHULHQFH
VWUHVVSK\VLFDOO\DVZHOODVPHQWDOO\GXHWRWKHH[FHVVLYHKHDWSUHVHQWLQWKHERG\,QWKLVFRQGLWLRQWKH
ERG\LVVDLGWREHXQGHUKHDWVWUHVV
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO
E-mail address:WULSWL#JPDLOFRP
1878-5220 © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the Global Challenges, Policy Framework &
Sustainable Development for Mining of Mineral and Fossil Energy Resources.
doi:10.1016/j.proeps.2015.06.049
492 Tripti Maurya et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 11 (2015) 491 – 498
$ IRUPDO GHILQLWLRQ RI KHDW VWUHVV JLYHQ E\ ,62 VWDQGDUGV LV ³$ SHUVRQ H[SRVHG WR D KRW
HQYLURQPHQWLVVXEMHFWHGWRKHDWVWUHVVLQSDUWLFXODULVGHSHQGHQWXSRQWKHSURGXFWLRQRIKHDWLQVLGH
WKH ERG\ DV D UHVXOW RI SK\VLFDO DFWLYLW\ DQG WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH HQYLURQPHQW JRYHUQLQJ KHDW
WUDQVIHUEHWZHHQWKHDWPRVSKHUHDQGWKHERG\´
+HDWVWUHVVFDQEHGHILQHGDVWKHVWDWHRIDERG\ZKHUHLWLVXQDEOHWRGLVVLSDWHWKHH[WUDKHDWIURP
WKHERG\WRWKHHQYLURQPHQW7KHH[WHQWRIPHDVXUHVWDNHQE\WKHERG\VXFKDVYDVRGLODWLRQLQFUHDVHG
KHDUWUDWHDQGVZHDWLQJLQUHVSRQVHWRKHDWVWUHVVGHSHQGVXSRQVRPHSHUVRQDOIDFWRUVOLNHDJHJHQGHU
GHJUHH RI REHVLW\ DFFOLPDWL]LQJ EHKDYLRXU DQG LQGLYLGXDO¶V VHQVLWLYLW\ ,Q WKH :RUOG +HDOWK
2UJDQL]DWLRQ:+2DGYLVHGWKDWWKHLQWHUQDOERG\WHPSHUDWXUHVKRXOGQRWULVHDERYH&)
ZKHQSURORQJHGGDLO\ZRUNLVSHUIRUPHGLQKHDW
,WLVQRWDOZD\VQHFHVVDU\WKDWDKRWHQYLURQPHQWZLOODOZD\VKDYHDQDGYHUVHHIIHFWRQKXPDQERG\
VLQFHKXPDQERG\KDVWKHDELOLW\WRUHVSRQGWRHQYLURQPHQWDOKHDWDQGDFFOLPDWL]HWRLWH[SRVXUHWR
H[WUHPHKHDWPD\RYHUFRPHWKHUHVLVWDQWSRZHURIWKHERG\DQGPD\UHVXOWE\KDUPLQJWKHKHDOWKRI
WKHSHUVRQ+HDWVWUHVVFRXOGFDXVHUDVKFUDPSKHDWH[KDXVWLRQDQGKHDWVWURNHDQGPD\H[DFHUEDWHLQ
VHULRXV PHGLFDO FRQGLWLRQ VXFK DV KHDUW RU OXQJ GLVHDVHV +HDW UHODWHG PRUWDOLW\ LV FHUWLILHG DV GHDWK
IURPKHDWVWURNHRUK\SHUWKHUPLDZKHQERG\WHPSHUDWXUHULVHVDERYH&)>@
7KHUPRUHJXODWLRQ
7KHUPRUHJXODWLRQ LV WKH ERG\¶V DELOLW\ WR PDLQWDLQ ERG\ FRUH WHPSHUDWXUH DURXQG D VHWSRLQW
WHPSHUDWXUH RI DSSUR[LPDWHO\ & ZLWK D QRUPDO UDQJH RI WR &>@>@7HPSHUDWXUH
UHJXODWLRQ LV FULWLFDO WR KRPHRVWDWLF IXQFWLRQ DQG LV OLQNHG WR WKHUPRJHQHVLV PHWDEROLF KHDW
SURGXFWLRQ 7KH JRDO RI WHPSHUDWXUH UHJXODWLRQ LV WR PDLQWDLQ WKLV UHODWLYHO\ QDUURZ UDQJH RI
KRPHRVWDWLFWHPSHUDWXUHIRURSWLPDOSK\VLRORJLFDOIXQFWLRQ+HDWEDODQFHLVJHQHUDOO\WKHVXPRIKHDW
SURGXFWLRQ DQG KHDW ORVV ZKHUH FKDQJHV LQ FRUH WHPSHUDWXUH DUH WKH UHVXOW RI HLWKHU DQ LQFUHDVH RU D
GHFUHDVHLQKHDWVWRUDJH
7KHKHDWEDODQFHHTXDWLRQIRUWKHVWRUDJHRIKHDW6WDNHVLQWRDFFRXQWWKHKHDWH[FKDQJHSDWKZD\V
RIPHWDEROLFKHDWSURGXFWLRQ0HYDSRUDWLRQ(UDGLDWLRQ5FRQYHFWLRQ&DQGFRQGXFWLRQ.
$GGLWLRQDOO\ WKH KHDW EDODQFH HTXDWLRQ PD\ LQFRUSRUDWH KHDW SURGXFWLRQ IURP SK\VLFDO ZRUN RU
H[HUFLVHZRUN7KHPDWKHPDWLFDOUHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKHVHYDULDEOHVLVUHSUHVHQWHGDV
ܵ ൌ ܹ ݇ݎ ܯെ ܧേ ܴ േ ܥേ ܭ
:KHUHSRVLWLYHQXPEHUVLQGLFDWHKHDWJDLQDQGQHJDWLYHQXPEHUVLQGLFDWHKHDWORVV>@
+HDWSURGXFWLRQLVSULPDULO\WKHUHVXOWRIPHWDEROLFKHDWSURGXFWLRQDQGSK\VLFDOZRUNRUH[HUFLVH
+HDW ORVV LV WKH PRYHPHQW RI KHDW GRZQ WKH WKHUPDO JUDGLHQW IURP KLJK WR ORZ WHPSHUDWXUH DQG
SULPDULO\RFFXUVE\RQHRIPRUHRIWKHIROORZLQJIRXUSURFHVVHV
D (YDSRUDWLRQLVKHDWORVVWKURXJKWKHFRQYHUVLRQRIVZHDWDVZDWHURQWKHVNLQLQWRZDWHUYDSRU
JDV 7KLV SURFHVV DFFRXQWV IRU DSSUR[LPDWHO\ RI KHDW ORVV DW UHVW EXW EHFRPHV D SULPDU\
PHDQVRIKHDWORVVXQGHUPRVWHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQVGXULQJH[HUFLVH
E 5DGLDWLRQDFFRXQWVIRUDSSUR[LPDWHO\RIKHDWORVVDQGLVWKHLQGLUHFWPRYHPHQWRIKHDWLQ
WKHIRUPRILQIUDUHGUD\VRUHOHFWURPDJQHWLFZDYHV+HDWPD\EHORVWGXHWRVNLQWHPSHUDWXUH
H[FHHGLQJDLUWHPSHUDWXUHDQGKHDWPD\EHJDLQHGGXHWRGLUHFWH[SRVXUHWRVXQOLJKWEXWYDULHV
JUHDWO\ E\ HQYLURQPHQWDO FRQGLWLRQ +RZHYHU UDGLDWLRQ KHDW ORVV LV PLQLPDO GXULQJ
XQFRPSHQVDEOHKHDWJUDLQIRXQGZLWKH[HUFLVHLQWKHUPDOSURWHFWLYHFORWKV
F &RQYHFWLRQLVKHDWORVVGRZQWKHWKHUPDOJUDGLHQWE\WKHWUDQVIHUHQFHRIKHDWIURPDQREMHFWWR
VXUURXQGLQJ OLTXLG PHGLXPV VXFK DV PRYLQJ ZDWHU DLU DQG LQWHUQDO ERG\ IOXLGV 'XULQJ
H[HUFLVHFRQYHFWLRQRFFXUVDVKHDWSURGXFHGZLWKLQWKHPXVFOHLVWUDQVIHUUHGWRWKHVXUURXQGLQJ
LQWHUVWLWLDOIOXLGV
G &RQGXFWLRQLVKHDWORVVGRZQWKHWKHUPDOJUDGLHQWE\WUDQVIHUHQFHRIKHDWIURPWZRREMHFWVLQ
GLUHFWFRQWDFWZLWKRQHDQRWKHUVXFKDVIHHWRQWKHJURXQGVXUIDFH
Tripti Maurya et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 11 (2015) 491 – 498 493
$GGLWLRQDOO\KHDWORVVLVKLJKO\GHSHQGHQWRIWKHDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHDQGKXPLGLW\RIHQYLURQPHQW
7KLVFRPSOH[FRRUGLQDWLRQRIWKHUPRUHJXODWRU\SURFHVVHVLVSULPDULO\UHJXODWHGE\WKHSUHRSWLFDUHD
RI WKH DQWHULRU K\SRWKDODPXV 7KH SUHRSWLF DUHD RI WKH DQWHULRU K\SRWKDODPXV LV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU
JHQHUDWLQJDXWRQRPLFHQGRFULQHPRWRUDQGEHKDYLRUDOUHVSRQVHVWRDQHQYLURQPHQWDOVWLPXOXV>@
+\SRWKHUPLD DQG K\SHUWKHUPLD PDQLIHVW ZKHQHYHU WKH ERG\ LV XQDEOH WR PDLQWDLQ QRUPDO FRUH
WHPSHUDWXUH GXH WR LQWHUQDO DQG H[WHUQDO IDFWRUV +\SRWKHUPLD LV D FROOHFWLRQ RI V\PSWRPV UHVXOWLQJ
IURP D GHFUHDVH LQ FRUH WHPSHUDWXUH GXHWR WKH ERG\¶V LQDELOLW\ WR LQFUHDVH WKHUPRJHQHVLV WR FRXQWHU
UDSLG KHDW ORVV $W WKH RWKHU HQG RI WKH WKHUPDO VSHFWUXP LV K\SHUWKHUPLD +\SHUWKHUPLD LV WKH
FROOHFWLRQ RI V\PSWRPV UHVXOWLQJ IURP DQ LQFUHDVH LQ FRUH WHPSHUDWXUH GXH WR WKH ERG\¶V LQDELOLW\ WR
DGHTXDWHO\ GLVVLSDWH KHDW WKURXJK LQFUHDVHG VZHDWLQJ DQG VNLQ EORRG IORZ LQ WKH SUHVHQFH RI DQ
XQFRPSHQVDEOH KHDW JDLQ ([HUFLVH FORWKLQJ DQG DPELHQW FRQGLWLRQV PD\ LQFUHDVH ERG\ FRUH
WHPSHUDWXUHH[FHHGLQJWKHKRPHRVWDWLFXSSHUOLPLW
)DFWRUVJRYHUQLQJKHDWVWUHVV
+HDW VWUHVV LV JRYHUQHG E\ ERWK LQWHUQDO DQG H[WHUQDO IDFWRUV 7DEOH OLVWV GLIIHUHQW LQWHUQDO DQG
H[WHUQDOIDFWRUVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUKHDWVWUHVV
7DEOH)DFWRUVDIIHFWLQJKHDWVWUHVVRQKXPDQV
6U1R ,QWHUQDOIDFWRUV ([WHUQDOIDFWRUV
&RUHERG\WHPSHUDWXUH $PELHQWDLUWHPSHUDWXUH
$FFOLPDWL]DWLRQ 5DGLDQWKHDW
1DWXUDOKHDWWROHUDQFH $LUYHORFLW\
0HWDEROLFKHDWJHQHUDWHGE\ZRUNORDG KXPLGLW\
(IIHFWRIKHDWVWUHVVRQKXPDQERG\
0RVW RI WKH KHDW UHODWHG LOOQHVV RFFXUV ZKHQ D YLFWLP LV H[SRVHG WR KHDW RU WKH SHUVRQ KDV RYHU
H[HUFLVHGIRUWKHLUDJHDQGRUSK\VLFDOFRQGLWLRQ:KHQH[WUHPHKHDWLVDWLWVPRVWGHDGO\LWFDQNLOOE\
IRUFLQJWKHKXPDQERG\WRFRROLWVHOIGRZQEHORZLWVFDSDFLW\VORZLQJWKHSURFHVVE\ZKLFKQRUPDO
ERG\ WHPSHUDWXUH LV PDLQWDLQHG ,Q PLQLQJ VDPH DV LQ RWKHU FDVHV LW KDV EHHQ REVHUYHG WKDW WKH
H[SRVXUHRIZRUNHUVWRYHU\KRWFRQGLWLRQVLVYHU\XQKHDOWK\LQHIILFLHQWDQGXQSURGXFWLYH
:KLOHZRUNLQJLQYHU\KRWHQYLURQPHQWDSHUVRQFDQDIIHFWKLVKHU>@
D 'H[WHULW\DQGFRRUGLQDWLRQ
E $ELOLW\WRUHPDLQDOHUWGXULQJOHQJWK\DQGPRQRWRQRXVWDVNV
F $ELOLW\WRREVHUYHLUUHJXODUIDLQWRSWLFDOVLJQVDQG
G $ELOLW\WRPDNHTXLFNGHFLVLRQVHWF
+HDWVWUHVVKD]DUGV
$V GHVFULEHG HDUOLHU KXPDQ EHLQJ LV D KRPHRWKHUPDO DQLPDO :H PDLQWDLQ D FRQVWDQW LQWHUQDO
WKHUPDOVWDWHLQVSLWHRIYDU\LQJWKHUPDOVWDWH ,IDSHUVRQLVFRQVWDQWO\ZRUNLQJLQDKRWHQYLURQPHQW
WKHQ KHVKH PD\ VXIIHU IURP IROORZLQJ KHDW UHODWHG GLVRUGHUV 7DEOH VXPPDUL]HV GLIIHUHQW KHDW
KD]DUGVLQLQFUHDVLQJRUGHULIWKHLUVHYHULW\
7DEOH+HDWKD]DUGVLQLQFUHDVLQJRUGHURIWKHLUVHYHULW\OHYHO
6U1R 'LVRUGHU 6\PSWRPV &DXVHV 7UHDWPHQW 3UHYHQWLRQ
+HDWVWUHVVLQGLFHV
:HFDQFDOOKHDWVWUHVVLQGLFHVDVDW\SHRIUHPHGLDOPHDVXUHVWDNHQDJDLQVWWKHRGGVWKDWKDSSHQV
GXHWRKHDWVWUHVV+HDWVWUHVVLQGLFHVKHOSXVWRNQRZEHWWHUDERXWWKHKHDWHQYLURQPHQWDQGKHOSXVLQ
FUHDWLQJ D EHWWHU SODFH WR ZRUN 7KHVH DOVR KHOS XV WR UHGXFH WKH DFFLGHQWV WDNLQJ SODFH GXH WR WKH
H[FHVVLYH DPRXQW RI KHDW LQ WKH ZRUNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW )URP \HDUV VHYHUDO LQYHVWLJDWRUV KDYH
FRQVLGHUHG GLIIHUHQW SDUDPHWHUV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU KHDW VWUHVV DQG PDQ\ VXFK LQGLFHV DUH GHYHORSHG WR
ILJKW WKH RGGV FDXVHG E\ KHDW VWUHVV 7DEOH VXPPDUL]HV GLIIHUHQW KHDW VWUHVV LQGLFHV DV UHSRUWHG
GHYHORSHGE\YDULRXVLQYHVWLJDWRUVLQWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHWLPHSHULRG
7DEOH3URSRVHGV\VWHPVIRUUDWLQJKHDWVWUHVVDQGVWUDLQKHDWVWUHVVLQGLFHV>@
6U1R <HDU ,QGH[ $XWKRUV
7KUHVKROGOLPLWYDOXH7/9
+HDWVWUHVVPDQDJHPHQWSURJUDP
(YHU\RUJDQL]DWLRQZKHUHKHDWVWUHVVUHODWHGSUREOHPVDUHHQFRXQWHUHGPXVWKDYHDSODQZKLFKGHDOV
ZLWKVXFKLVVXHVDQGIRUHVHHVWKDWIXUWKHUWKHVHLVVXHVDUHQRWWDNLQJSODFHLQWKHZRUNSODFH7KLVKHDW
VWUHVVPDQDJHPHQWSURJUDPJLYHVDEOXHSULQWRIZKDWDOOWKLQJVVKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGLQDJHQHUDOSODQ
7KHVH DUH EDVHG RQ %RG\ 0DVV ,QGH[ %0, DQG DHURELF FDSDFLW\ DQG DUH GHVLJQHG WR H[FOXGH
SHRSOHZLWKNQRZQULVNIDFWRUVIRUKHDWVWURNHIURPZRUNLQJLQWKHHQWHUSULVHPLQH
7KHVHKDYHEHHQVKRZQWRLPSURYHSURGXFWLYLW\DVZHOODVEHLQJDQDGMXQFWWRUHGXFLQJKHDWVWUHVV
)RUPDOVXSHUYLVLRQLVHVVHQWLDOWKRXJKDVWKHFXWRIIIURPSURGXFWLYLW\LVUHODWLYHO\VKDUSLQDQ\
JLYHQHQYLURQPHQWDOFOLPDWH
7KHVHVKRXOGFRLQFLGHZLWKZRUNUHVWF\FOHV:DWHULVJHQHUDOO\FRQVLGHUHGWREHWKHEHVWOLTXLGIRU
IOXLGUHSODFHPHQWDVORVVRIVDOWLVQRWXVXDOO\VHYHUHLQQRUPDOKHDOWK\LQGLYLGXDOV,WLVQRZFRPPRQ
SUDFWLFHWRSURYLGHZRUNHUVZLWKSHUVRQDOZDWHUERWWOHVDWWKHVWDUWRIHDFKVKLIW
0DQ\FRXQWULHVKDYHDGRSWHGWKLVVWUDWHJ\LQUHFHQW\HDUV7RHQVXUHWKDWWKHFRUHERG\WHPSHUDWXUH
GRHV QRW H[FHHG & OLPLWV VKRXOG EH VHW XVLQJ KHDW VWUHVV LQGLFHV VXFK DV :%*7 $SSUR[LPDWHO\
ZRUNEUHDNVVKRXOGEHGHVLJQHGDURXQGWKHVHOLPLWVWRUHGXFHWKHOHYHORIKHDWVWUHVV
7KLVVWUDWHJ\HQVXUHVDGHTXDWHUHFRYHU\WLPHEHWZHHQVKLIWVDIWHUZRUNLQYHU\KRWHQYLURQPHQWV
(QJLQHHULQJ VWUDWHJLHV VKRXOG EH EDVHG RQ LPSURYLQJ PHFKDQL]DWLRQ WR PLQLPL]H KLJK PHWDEROLF
UDWHV 5RERWLFV DQG MRE UHGHVLJQ WR FRXQWHU KHDW RYHUH[SRVXUH XVH RI VKLHOGLQJ UHIULJHUDWLRQ DQG
LQFUHDVHGDLUIORZ
7.7. Acclimatization
7KLV SURFHVV KDV EHHQ XVHG IRU PDQ\ \HDUV DV DQ LPSRUWDQW PHWKRG RI UHGXFLQJ WKH ULVN RI KHDW
FDXVHGLOOQHVVHV9DU\LQJSURWRFROVKDYHEHHQDGRSWHGE\PLQLQJRSHUDWLRQVIRUWKLVSXUSRVHDQGWKH
FXUUHQW WUHQG RI VFUHHQLQJ ZRUNHUV IRU SK\VLRORJLFDO ULVN SDUDPHWHUV IROORZHG E\ RQWKHMRE
DFFOLPDWL]DWLRQ
Tripti Maurya et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 11 (2015) 491 – 498 497
,WLVLPSRUWDQWWKDWSURWHFWLYHFORWKLQJGRHVQRWEHFRPHDKHDOWKKD]DUGE\IRUPLQJDEDUULHUWRWKH
QDWXUDOFRROLQJHIIHFWRIVZHDWRQWKHERG\6HOHFWLRQRIDSSURSULDWHFORWKLQJVKRXOGEHPRQLWRUHGDQG
LQVWUXFWLRQPXVWEHSURYLGHGIRUWKHFRUUHFWZHDULQJRIWKLVDSSDUHO
7KH TXHVWLRQ RI ZKLFK KHDW VWUHVV LQGH[ WR XVH VKRXOG EH EDVHG RQ ORFDO FRQGLWLRQV DQG PDGH
DSSOLFDEOHWRWKHSDUWLFXODUKHDWVWUHVVPDQDJHPHQWSURJUDPLQSODFH
7.10. Education
,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRHGXFDWHWKHZRUNIRUFHVRWKDWWKH\XQGHUVWDQGZKDWKDSSHQVWRWKHLUERGLHVZKHQ
WKH\ZRUNLQKHDWDQGKRZWKH\FDQZRUNVDIHO\ZLWKRXWHQGDQJHULQJWKHLUKHDOWK
7KHVHVKRXOGEHFRQGXFWHGDWUHJXODULQWHUYDOVWRHQVXUHWKDWKHDWLOOQHVVLVDYRLGHGRUSULFNHGXSDW
D YHU\ HDUO\ VWDJH DQG WUHDWHG 7KH UHYLHZ RI KHDW VWUHVV PDQDJHPHQW SURWRFROV DUH H[WHQVLYH DQG
LQFOXGHPDQ\RIWKHLVVXHVDERYH7KH\ILUPO\EHOLHYHWKDWDVXFFHVVIXOKHDWPDQDJHPHQWSURJUDPZLOO
KDYHDPDMRULPSDFWRQWKHRQJRLQJVXFFHVVRIWKHPLQH
&RQFOXVLRQV
+HDW VWUHVV LV D YHU\ VHULRXV LVVXH LQ WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ FLYLO HQJLQHHULQJ DQG PLQLQJ IUDWHUQLW\
:RUNHUVZRUNLQJLQVXFKKRWHQYLURQPHQWFDQIDFHVHULRXVKHDOWKSUREOHPVLIWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQLVQRW
WDNLQJSURSHUFDUHRIWKLVLVVXH(YHU\RUJDQL]DWLRQPXVWIROORZDSURSHUZRUNUHVWUHJLPHQDFFRUGLQJ
WR WKH ZRUNLQJ FRQGLWLRQ SHULRGLF FKHFNXSV PXVW EH FDUULHG RXW IRU WKH ZRUNHUV DQG WKHLU SURSHU
UHFRUGVVKRXOGEHPDLQWDLQHGHYHU\RUJDQL]DWLRQPXVWKDYHDKHDWVWUHVVPDQDJHPHQWSURJUDPZKLFK
GHDOVZLWKVXFKLVVXHVDVXLWDEOHKHDWLQGH[PXVWEHDGRSWHGWRPRQLWRUWKHHQYLURQPHQWFRQVWDQWO\
ZRUNHUVPXVWEHHQFRXUDJHGWREULQJIRUZDUGVXFKSUREOHPVVRWKDWSURSHUVROXWLRQVFDQEHGUDZQ
5HIHUHQFHV
$JUDZDO 6 DQG *XSWD ' ³%HKDYLRUDO FKDQJHV LQ DOELQR UDWV GXH WR UHSHWLWLYH KHDW VWUHVV RI PRGHUDWH OHYHO´
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
$VKOH\&'/XHFNH&/6FKZDUW]66,VODP0=DQG%HUQDUG7(³+HDWVWUDLQDWWKHFULWLFDO:%*7DQG
WKHHIIHFWVRIJHQGHUFORWKLQJDQGPHWDEROLFUDWH´Inernational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
%RXODQW-57KHUPRUHJXODWLRQ,Q3$0DFNRZLDN(GFever:Basic Mechanisms and ManagementSS
3KLODGHOSKLD3$/LSSLQFRWW5DYHQ
%XRQDQQR*)UDWWROLOOR$DQG9DQROL/³'LUHFWDQGLQGLUHFWPHDVXUHPHQWRI:%*7LQGH[LQWUDQVYHUVDOIORZ´
Measurement
&DVWHOODQL - : 3K\VLRORJ\ RI +HDW 6WUHVV ,Q / ( $UPVWURQJ (G Exertional Heat Illnesses SS
&KDPSDLJQ,/+XPDQ.LQHWLFV
&KDQ $3& <L : &KDQ ':0 0 $6&( DQG :RQJ '3 ³8VLQJ WKH WKHUPDO ZRUN OLPLW DV DQ
HQYLURQPHQWDO GHWHUPLQDQW RI KHDW VWUHVV IRU FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZRUNHUV´ Journal of Management in Engineering
'HKJKDQ+0RUWD]DYL6%-DIDUL0-DQG0DUDF\05³(YDOXDWLRQRIZHWEXOEJOREHWHPSHUDWXUHLQGH[IRU
HVWLPDWLRQRIKHDWVWUDLQLQKRWKXPLGFRQGLWLRQLQWKH3HUVLDQ*XOI´Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
'HVKPXNK'-³0LQHILUHVDQGVSRQWDQHRXVKHDWLQJ´Elements of Mining Technology Vol.2, Denett& Co., ,QGLD
'RQRJKXH $0 6LQFODLU 0- DQG %DWHV *3 ³+HDW H[KDXVWLRQ LQ D GHHS XQGHUJURXQG PHWDOOLIHURXV PLQH´
Occupational and Environmental Medicine
(SVWHLQ<DQG0RUDQ'6³7KHUPDOFRPIRUWDQGKHDWVWUHVVLQGLFHV´Industrial Health
*ROEDEDHL)0RQD]]DP05+HPDWMR5+RVVHLQL0DQG'HKJKDQ6)³7KHDVVHVVPHQWRIKHDWVWUHVVDQG
KHDWVWUDLQLQ3DUGLV3HWURFKHPLFDO&RPSOH[7HKUDQ,UDQ´International Journal of Occupational Hygiene
+DQFRFN 3$ DQG 9DVPDW]LGL , ³+XPDQ RFFXSDWLRQDO DQG SHUIRUPDQFH OLPLWV XQGHU VWUHVV 7KH WKHUPDO
HQYLURQPHQWDVDSURWRW\SLFDOH[DPSOH´Ergonomics,
+DUWPDQ +/ 0XWKQDQVN\ -0 5DPDQL 59 DQG :DQJ <- ³+HDW VRXUFHV DQG HIIHFWV LQ PLQH´ Mine
Ventilation and Air Conditioning, John Wiley and Sons86$
498 Tripti Maurya et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 11 (2015) 491 – 498