iv

ABSTRACT

Precast components have been interest of many researchers over the past few

years. A prefabricated building has in fact in fast assembly and in cost containment its

peculiar qualities. However, the structural continuity between the various elements

can be a weakness if the building must ensure adequate resistance to horizontal

actions. A beam to column connection is a main function in almost every kind of

structure , because it transfers the load of the structure to the column and it will

transers to footings. Nowadays, designers utilize prefabricated structural elements that

can be quickly assembled to form functional structural systems. The difficulty with

developing emulative systems is usually encountered in the design and detailing of

connections. Connections are particularly critical in seismic zones because they must

dissipate energy through significant cyclic nonlinear deformations while maintaining

their capacity and the integrity of the structural system. The load transfer in

connections between concrete structural members often strongly relies on the bond

along the anchorage of the reinforcement. Therefore, the bond characteristic between

reinforcing bars and concrete can have a significant influence on the specific

deflection and cracking of the entire structure. In case of a seismic event, the structure

and thus the main reinforcement is cyclically loaded. At the same time, cracks along

the reinforcement anchorage open and close due to the cyclic response of the

structure. Both, cyclic loads and cyclic cracks progressively damage the bond

strength. In this study the behaviour of beam to column connection were studied from

various research journals and discussed for the investigation of beam to column

connection when it is subjected to cyclic loading by Finite Element Software.

 v

ஆய் வுசுருக்கம்

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ, இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ. இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ emulative இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ. இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ, இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ. இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ. இஇஇஇ,

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ. இஇஇ இஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ,

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ. இஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ, இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ. இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ. இஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇ

இஇஇஇஇஇஇ இஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇஇ.
 vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) iv
ABSTRACT (TAMIL) v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF FIGURES viii
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Important Properties of Precast Concrete Connections 2

1.3 Types of Precast Concrete Connections 3

1.3.1 Pinned Connections 4

1.3.2 Moment Resisting Connections 4

1.4 Tension, bending, shear and Compression Connections 4

1.4.1 Tension and Bending Connections 5
1.4.2 Shear Connections 5
1.4.3 Compression Connections 6

1.5 Precast Concrete Beams-to-Column Connections 6

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 General 7
2.2 Overview Of Literature 7
2.2.1 Studies on Experimental Investigations of Precast 7
Beam Column joints under Seismic Loading
2.2.1.1 Wet Connections 7
2.2.1.2 Dry Connections 18
2.2.1.3 Hybrid Connections 22
2.2.2 Studies on Analytical Investigations of Precast 25
 vii

Elements
2.2.2.1 Beam Elements 25
2.2.2.2 Beam Column Joints 31
2.2.2.3 Precast Wall, Slab and Column 38
3. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE 41
4. AIM OF INVESTIGATION 42
5. METHODOLOGY 43
5.1 General 43
5.2 Methodology 43
6 CONCLUSION 44
REFERENCES 45
 viii

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1.1 Connection types to the moment distribution in a 2
structure
2.1 Perspective View of Type A Connection (Loo and Yao, 9
1995)
2.2 Perspective View of Type B Connection (Loo and Yao, 10
1995)
2.3 Types of Connections Used in Precast Beam to Column 12
Tests (a) Billet (b) Welded Plate ( Elliot et al, 1998)
2.4 Details of the Reinforcement of the First Specimen 15
(Joshi et al 2005)
2.5 Details of the Reinforcement of the Second Specimen 16
(Joshi et al 2005)
2.7 Reinforcement Details of the Precast Beam Column 35
Specimens (Kaya and Arslan, 2009)
2.8 Isometric View of the Finite Element Model of the 37
Connection (Hawileh, 2010)