Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
1
(6.1) What is an equation for the translation of y that has asymptotes at x 3 and y 5 ?
x
1
y 5
x3
1
y 3
x5
1
y 5
x3
1
y 3
x 5
2
(6.1) What is the equation of the vertical asymptote of y ?
x6
x6
x0
x2
x 6
1
(6.1) Sketch the asymptotes and graph of y 2 . Identify the domain and range.
x 3
5 7
(6.3) A board of length cm was cut into two pieces. If one piece is cm, express the
x2 x2
length of the other board as a rational expression.
2 x 24
( x 2)( x 2)
2 x 24
( x 2) 2
6 x 24
( x 2) 2
x5 2 x 3 7
A B C D
x 4x 3
2
x x
2 2x 2 2x
(a) Explain how to add two rational expressions. Simplify A B as an example. Be sure to give
reasons for each step. Simplify completely.
(b) Explain how subtracting (such as simplifying A B ) would be different from adding.
(c) Explain how to multiply rational expressions, simplifying B C as an example.
(d) Show how to divide B by C .
(e) Explain how you would solve a rational equation like C D . Then describe, in detail, the
strategy for solving an equation like B C D . Do not completely solve the equations.
Instead, concentrate on the first two or three steps in solving; show what to do and explain
why.
(6.6) The rate of heat loss from a metal object is proportional to the ratio of its surface area to its
volume.
8 x 4 y 2 9 xy 2 z 6
3z 3 4 y4
6x5 y 8 z 9
6x5 z3
6x 4 yz 2
3 3 2
x y z
2
2x4 z3 x2 z
2x3 z 4 x2 z 2
4 x4 z3 3x2 z
4x3 z 4 3x2 z 2
(6.6) Last week, Wendy jogged for a total of 10 miles and biked for a total of 10 miles. She biked
at a rate that was twice as fast as her jogging rate.
(a) Suppose Wendy jogs at a rate of r miles per hour. Write an expression that represents the
amount of time she jogged last week and an expression that represents the amount to time she
biked last week. (hint: distance=rate time )
(b) Write and simplify an expression for the total amount of time Wendy jogged and biked last
week.
(c) Wendy jogged at a rate of 5 miles per hour. What was the total amount of time Wendy
jogged and biked last week?
1 1 5
y2 x3 y 2
(6.2) Which expression is equivalent to 4
for all x, y 0 ?
6
8x 3
1
5
2x 6 y 2
3
5
4x 3 y 2
3 y2
4
4x 9
y3
48 x 4
x4
f ( x) ?
x 4 x 32
2
{8}
{-4}
{-4, 8}
{-8, 4}
x 7 1
(6.4) Solve the equation .
x2 49 x 7 x 7
-8
7
8
No solution
(6.6) A sight-seeing boat travels at an average speed of 20 miles per hour in the calm water of a
large lake. The same boat is also used for sight-seeing in a nearby river. In the river, the boat
travels 2.9 miles downstream (with the current) in the same amount of time it takes to travel 1.8
miles upstream (against the current). Find the current of the river.
(6.6) A baseball player’s batting average is found by dividing the number of hits the player has by
the number of at-bats the player has. Suppose a baseball player has 45 hits and 130 at-bats. Write
and solve an equation to model the number of consecutive hits the player needs in order to raise his
batting average to 0.400. Explain now you found your answer.
1
(6.1) Which intervals correctly define the domain of f ( x) 2
x4
8
(7.1) What is the value of (15 4n) ?
n 3
-42
-17
88
363
15
18
30
(7.2) During a flu outbreak, a hospital recorded 12 cases the first week, 54 cases the second week,
and 243 cases the third week.
b) How many cases will occur in the sixth week if the hospital cannot stop the outbreak?
an 7(4)n1
an 4(7)n1
an 7(4)n1
an 4(7)n1
(7.1, 7.2) In a classic math problem a king wants to reward a knight who has rescued him from an
attack. The king gives the knight a chessboard and plans to place money on each square. He gives
the knight two options. Potion 1 is to place a thousand dollars on the first square, two thousand on
the second square, three thousand on the third square, and so on. Option 2 is to place one penny on
the first square, two pennies on the second, four on the third, and so on.
Think about which offer sounds better and then answer these questions.
a) List the first five terms in the sequences formed by the given options. Identify each sequence as
arithmetic, geometric, or neither.
Option 1
Option 2
b) For each option, write a rule that tells how much money is placed on the nth square of the
chessboard and a rule that tells the total amount of money placed on squares one through n .
Option 1
Option 2
c) Find the amount of money placed on the 20th square of the chessboard and the total amount
placed on squares 1 through 20 for each option.
Option 1
Option 2
d) There are 64 squares on a chessboard. Find the total amount of money placed on the chessboard
for each option.
Option 1
Option 2
e) Which gives the better reward, Option 1 or Option 2? Explain why.
e7
7
log 7
ln 7
f 1 ( x) 1.5 x
f 1 ( x) 0.5(3) x
f 1 ( x) 30.5 x
f 1 ( x) 2(3) x
5
1024
16
4
g ( x) ln x ln 3
ln x
g ( x)
ln 3
g ( x) ln 3 ln x
g ( x) ln x ln 3
9 y 9(2 x 3)
9 y 92 x3
y 2x 3
9 y 18 x 27
(7.6) Psychologists try to predict the activation of memory when a person is tested on a list of
words they learned. The following model is used to make this prediction:
A ln(n) 0.5ln(T ) 0.5ln( L) where A is the number of words learned, n is the number of
exercises, T is the amount of time between learning and testing and L is the length of the list that
was tested.
b) Discuss the influence on A (going up or down) when increasing n, T, and L, according to the
formula. Do these results make sense?
1
(7.8) If log 4{log 2 [log3 (3 x)]} , then what is x ?
2
81
48
27
9
4x7 5
5x7 5
54 x 7
45 x 7
(7.8) A biologist studying the relationship between the brain weight and body weight in mammals
uses the formula:
Where wbody =body weight in grams and wbrain =brain weight in grams. What is the formula for the
body weight?
f ( x) log x 2
f ( x) log( x 2)
f ( x) log x 2
f ( x) log( x 2)
f ( x) 3x
f ( x) 3x 2
f ( x) 2 3x
3
f ( x) ( ) x
2
(7.9) The graph of the equation y log(2 x 3) is translated right 3 units and down 3.5 units to
form a new graph. Which equation best represents the new graph?
y log(2 x 9) 3.5
y log(2 x 9) 3.5
y log(2 x 3) 3.5
y log(2 x 3) 3.5
(7.9) John graphs the equation y 5 x . Lana graphs the equation y 5 x 2 . How does Lana’s
graph compare to John’s graph?
95,000(1.04)t
95,000(0.96)t
-.04t + 95,000
.04t + 95,000
(7.10) Sarai bought $400 of Las Vegas Cellular stock in January 2005. The value of the stock is
expected to increase by 6.5% per year.
(7.10) The loudness of sound is measured on a logarithmic scale according to the formula
I
L 10 log( ) , where L is the loudness of sound in decibels ( db ), I is the intensity of sound, and
I0
I 0 is the intensity of the softest audible sound.
Sound Intensity
Jet taking off 1015 I 0
Jackhammer 1012 I 0
Hairdryer 107 I 0
Whisper 103 I 0
Leaves rustling 102 I 0
Softest audible sound I0
1
c) A decibel is of a bel. Is a jet plane louder than a sound that measures 20 bels? Explain.
10
a) Divide both sides of the formula by P and then use logarithms to rewrite the formula without
an exponent. Show your work.
b) Using your answer for part (a) as a starting point, solve the compound interest formula for the
interest rate r .
c) Use your equation from part (a) to determine the interest rate.
Time (decades) 0 1 2 3
Value ($1000s) 2 1 0.5 0.25
Which statement can Denise use to model the data? Why is this type of function a good model for
the data?
1
v 2( )t ; an exponential function is a good model because the value of the investment
2
changes by a constant amount in each time period.
1
v 2( )t ; an exponential function is a good model because the value of the investment
2
changes by a constant factor in each time period.
v t 2 ; a linear function is a good model because the value of the investment changes by a
constant amount in each time period.
v t 2 ; a linear function is a good model because the value of the investment changes by a
constant factor in each time period.
Number of Days
Cubic
Exponential
Linear
Quadratic
(7.10) Public Service Utilities uses the equation y a b log x to determine the cost of electricity
where x represents the time in hours and y represents the cost. The first hour of use costs $6.66
and three hours cost $18.11.
b) What is the x-intercept of the graph of the model? What is the real world meaning of the
x-intercept ?
c) Use the model to find the cost for 65 hours of electricity use.
d) If a customer can afford $40 per month for electricity, how long can he or she have the
electricity turned on?
a) Write an equation representing the distance from the earth to the asteroid.
b) If the asteroid is currently located at (4, e12 3) , what is the distance from the earth to the
asteroid?
c) Sketch a graph of g ( x ) .
(7.10) Rashid is in Biology class and has gathered data on fruit flies. The table below shows the
number of fruit flies in his sample at the end of each day for a week.
Day 1 2 3 4 5
# of flies 5 10 20 40 80
If the population continues to grow in this manner, which function will Rashid use to predict the
population of fruit flies on any given day?
p (t ) 5t 2
p(t ) 5( x 3) 20
p(t ) 2 ln t
t 1
p(t ) 5 2
(7.10) Which function best fits the data shown in this scatter plot?
f ( x) x 2
f ( x) x
f ( x) 2 x
1
f ( x) x
3
e) Use the original graph to find data. Carry out a power regression on the data to find a
function that would produce a better fit.
sin 38 A
38 22
tan52
cos52
B C
sin 52
22sin38
22cos38
22 tan 38
4
5
5
3
3
5
4
3
1
(8.1) Find sin cos2 when sin and is in Quadrant I.
4
15
4
15
64
15
256
3
16
3
(8.2) Convert radians to degrees.
8
16
(8.2) Convert radians to degrees.
3
(8.3) Suppose each paddle on the wall of a clothes dryer makes 80 revolutions per minute.
Part A: What angle does one paddle subtend in 10 seconds? Give your answer in radians.
Part B: Write an algebraic expression to determine the measure in radians of the subtended angle
after x seconds. Show how the units simplify in your expression.
Part C: You are interested in determining the total distance a point on the drum travels in a 20-
minute drying cycle. Can you use your expression from Part B? What other information, if any,
is needed? Explain.
7
(8.3) What is the reference angle corresponding to ?
4
5
2
4
7
4
3
2
(8.3) A ribbon is tied around a bicycle tire at the standard position 0 . The diameter of the wheel
is 26 inches. The bike is then pushed forward 20 feet from the starting point. In what quadrant is
the ribbon? Explain how you obtained your answer.
2
2
2
2
1
1
(8.3) Two friends counted 24 evenly spaced seats on a Ferris wheel. As they boarded one of the
seats, they noticed the edge of the wheel was 1 meter off the ground. They learned from the
operator that the diameter of the wheel was 28 meters. After they got seated and started moving, in
a counter-clockwise direction, they counted 13 chairs pass the operator, and then the Ferris wheel
was stopped on the fourteenth chair to load another passenger.
Part A: Design a representation of the Ferris wheel and locate where the friends were when the
wheel stopped to load the next passenger.
Part B: How many radians had they rotated through in the time before they stopped?
Part C: To the nearest tenth of a meter, how far above the ground were they? Show your work.
3
2
2
5
6
6
(8.5) In RST , r 11.2 , s 9.8 , mT 38 , and mS 60 . Which expression can be used to
find the length of side t?
9.8sin 82
sin 60
11.2 sin 82
sin 60
11.2 sin 60
sin 38
9.8sin 38
sin 60
(8.5) Given ABC with a 10, b 13 , and A 19 , find c. Round your answer to two decimal
places.
(8.5) A 50 foot ramp makes an angle of 4.9 with the horizontal. To meet new accessibility
guidelines, a new ramp must be built so it makes an angle of 2.7 with the horizontal. What will
be the length of the new ramp?
42 72 92 2 7 9 cos S S 9 T
48
cos 1
29 R
81 6
cos 1 4
4
S T
29 9
cos
48
29
cos 1
48
(8.7) Give an expression for the height h of DEF , and use the expression to write a formula for
1
the height of the triangle in terms of the variables shown by replacing h in the formula A bh .
2
1
h f sin D, A ef sin D
2
1 1 1
h f sin D, A e f sin D
2 2 2
1
h d sin D, A ed sin D
2
1 2
h e sin D, A e sin D
2
Part A: Determine the exact value of t. Use radical notation if necessary, and do not
approximate. Show your work.
Part B: Use RST to determine the exact value of sin 45 . Use radical notation if necessary, and
do not approximate. Show your work.
Part C: Use your answer to Part B to determine the exact value for the area of DEF .
Part D: Using a calculator, determine the area of DEF to the nearest tenth of a cm2.
(8.7) Which expression represents the area of the triangle in square feet?
48 6 1319 42 ft 35 ft
72 30 37 5
67 ft
144 42 35 67
144 102109 77
f x 2sin x
f x 2sin 2 x
1
f x sin x
2
1
f x sin x
2 2
1
(8.9) Which function has an amplitude of 3 and a period of ?
2
y 3sin 4 x
y 3cos 4 x
y 3sin x
2
1
y cos 3 x
2
y 3 tan 2 x
1
y 3 tan x
2
y 3 tan x
y 3 tan 2 x
2
(8.9) Write an equation of the form y a sin bx , where a 0 and b 0 , with amplitude and
3
period 12.
,8
2
, 2
2
x-intercepts: x n where n is an integer; phase shift: units to the right
2 2
x-intercepts: x n where n is an integer; phase shift: units to the left
2 2
x-intercepts: x n where n is an integer; phase shift: units up
2 2
x-intercepts: x n where n is an integer; phase shift: units down
2 2
x
(8.9) Graph one cycle of the graph of the function f x 4 cos .
3
x
(8.9) Graph one cycle of the graph of the function f x 6sin
2
x
(8.9) Graph y tan . Include vertical asymptotes in your sketch.
2
(8.9) The graph of a sine function has amplitude 5, period 72 , and a vertical translation 4 units
down. Write an equation for the function.
(8.9) The graph of a cosine function has amplitude 4, period 90 , and a vertical translation 3 units
down. Write an equation for the function. Then sketch the graph without using graphing
technology.
(8.9) Consider the related equations y sin x, y 2sin x, and y sin 2 x . Explain the effect that the
coefficient 2 has on the graphs of y 2sin x and y sin 2 x when compared to the graph of
y sin x .
(8.11) HONORS The unit circle centered at the origin has a radius of 1, and the coordinates x, y
locate any point on the circle.
Part A: Prove that cos2 sin2 1 for representing the central angle of the arc intercepted by
the point x, y and the x-axis.
Part B: Does this formula work for all values for ? Explain.
3
Part C: Without using a calculator, evaluate cos if tan .
4
5
(8.11) HONORS For an angle , sin and .
13 2
Part A: Use the Pythagorean identity to find cos .
5 3
Part B: If sin and 2 , does cos change? Explain.
13 2
(8.10) Tides can be modeled by periodic functions. Suppose high tide at the city dock occurs at
2:22 AM at a depth of 35 meters and low tide occurs at 9:16 AM at a depth of 9 meters. Write an
equation that models the depth of the water as a function of time after midnight. When will the
next high and low tides occur?
(8.10) Storm surge from a hurricane causes a large sinusoidal wave pattern to develop near the
shore. The highest wave reached the top of a wall 20 feet above sea level. The low point
immediately behind this wave was 6 feet below sea level, and was 20 feet behind the peak. What
is the amplitude of the sinusoid? What is the vertical shift of the sinusoid from a wave at ground
level?
(8.10) The graph below shows how the reproductive rate of rodents varies depending on the
season. On the x-axis, the months are grouped by season and on the y-axis, the reproductive rate is
represented on a scale from poor to good.
a) When is the reproduction of the rodents at the lowest? When is it at the highest?
b) Put 0.2 and 2 as the minimum and maximum values on the y-axis. Design a formula that
describes the graph. Explain how you determined your formula.
c) Suppose the reproductive rate were put on a scale from 0, for extremely poor, to 10 for
extremely good. In this case, use 0 and 10 as the minimum and maximum values on the y-axis.
Design a formula that describes the corresponding graph. What changes did you have to make
to your formula form part (b)?
Design the formula for this fluctuating voltage. Explain how you determined your formula.
(8.10) One modern application of the addition and subtraction of functions appears in the field of
audio engineering. To help understand the idea behind this use, consider the following simplified
example. Suppose that the function f(x) = sin(x) represents the sound of music to which you are
listening. Unfortunately, there is background noise. Let g(x) = 0.75sin(1.5x) represent that noise.
a) Sketch a graph of f and the sum f + g, on a single set of axes. Your graph represents both what
you want to hear and what you actually do hear. They clearly are not the same.
b) Now apply some mathematics to engineer away the noise. You can add a microphone to your
headphones. In turn, the microphone picks up the background noise, g ( x ) , then plays back
through our headphones an altered version, h( x) . Thus what you now hear in the headphones
is the sum of three functions: f (what you want to hear), g (the noise you don’t want), and h (the
correction for the noise). Suppose the compensating function is h( x) 0.75sin(1.5 x ) .
Graph the new sum, f g h , to see what you hear now. Explain the idea behind the
adjustment.
c) Another engineer suggests adding h( x) 0.75sin(1.5 x) instead of the h defined in part (b).
Discuss the merits of that solution.
(8.10) A satellite is circling west-to-east around the earth. Below are the projections of three orbits
of the satellite, labeled as curves 1, 2, and 3. The projections are given in terms of longitude and
latitude readings (both are in degrees). Curve 1, can be expressed as a sinusoidal function of the
form y A sin( B( x C )) D .
a) Determine values for A, B, C, and D to produce a sinusoidal model that you think best describes
Curve 1.
b) What constants in your sinusoidal model for (a) will you need to modify in order to describe
Curves 2 and 3? What are your models describing these curves?