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organisms
Overview Objectives
In this unit, pupils will learn about the living world. They will • Identify the different parts of a cell.
learn about cells and the difference between eukaryotic • Differentiate between eukaryotic
and prokaryotic cells. They will study unicellular and and prokaryotic cells.
multicellular organisms and they will learn how cells
• Study unicellular and multicellular organisms.
work together. They will learn about the relationship
• Differentiate between heterotrophic
between cells, tissues, organs and body systems. They
and autotrophic nutrition.
will study the vital functions of nutrition, interaction
and reproduction. They will differentiate between • Classify organisms into kingdoms.
heterotrophic and autotrophic nutrition. They will learn • Name the different parts of a plant.
about asexual and sexual reproduction. They then study • Study sexual and asexual reproduction.
the classification of living organisms into kingdoms. They
• Name the different parts of a plant involved in asexual
will learn the differences between monera, protoctistas,
and sexual reproduction.
fungi, plantae and animalia. They will study plants and
• Study the vital functions of plants.
the different parts of a plant. They will study asexual and
sexual reproduction in plants and be able to name the
different parts involved in plant reproduction. They will
learn about nutrition and respiration in plants and they
will study photosynthesis. They will also learn how plants
interact with their environment. In the Final task, pupils Final task
will make a model of a plant cell, study a particular plant
and make notes and drawings.
Pupils will first make a model of a cell using modelling
clay. Then they will draw and describe two plants. Finally,
they will choose one plant to study more closely. They
will all present the results of their research as a class
exhibition.
17
Watch and learn! ck 0 2
1
Tra
b 4 Listen and classify.
Living 1 What do we call the science
that studies living organisms? • Year 1 classes
1 Core classes
• Collecting and analyzing
data
• The scientific method in
experiments
Overview • Field course
Students can
study biology and 2 Optional classes
choose from many • Animal behavior
different classes. • Genetics
• Life on Earth
a c • Marine Biology
Special features • The study of bacteria
• Students do lab • The green planet
oratory
practice in all yea • The study of cells
rs.
• Students particip
ate in
research projects.
Warmer. Write the words Biology, Chemistry and Physics on 3 camera: collect information, record; computer: record;
the board and ask pupils if they can give you a definition. magnifying glass: examine; measuring cylinder: measure,
microscope: examine; test tube: collect information
Watch and Learn. Play the information video. Ask the
questions again. 4 Year 1: The scientific method in experiments; Life on Earth;
The green planet; Animal behaviour; Field course. Year 2:
Collecting and analysing data; Marine Biology; Genetics;
Activities
The study of cells; Field course.
1 Pupils match the sentences to the pictures. 5 1 The study of bacteria is not mentioned in the audio.
2 Pupils find the objects and make sentences. 2 The programme lasts for four years. 3 Open answer.
6 Suggested answers. Agriculture: Animal behaviour, Life
3 Pupils read out the instruments and say what each on Earth; Education: Collecting and analysing data, The
is used for. scientific method; Healthcare: Genetics, The study of
4 02 Play the audio for pupils. They listen carefully and bacteria, The study of cells; Nature conservation: The
classify the classes according to the year they are studied. green planet; Zoos: Animal behaviour
7 Open answer
5 Pupils read and answer the questions.
6 Pupils decide which classes would be most useful for Final task. This section shows the Final task in its
each area of work.
entirety so that pupils know what it will entail. The video
7 Pupils compare their lists in pairs. can be shown before starting step 1.
Answers Notes
1 1 c 2 a 3 b.
2 1 camera, 1 computer, 1 magnifying glass, 5 measuring
cylinders, 1 microscope, 7 test tubes
18
Cells
D IS
What are unicellular organisms?
COVER
Track 04
a
IN
All living organisms are made of cells.
V ES T
organelles
cytoplasm membrane an amoeba
All living organisms are made of cells.
nucleus
They come in many different shapes and sizes.
Cells have three main parts.
1 The cell membrane forms the exterior of the
cell. It encloses and protects the other parts Track 05 How do cells work together?
of the cell.
2 Everything inside the cell, except the nucleus, Most living organisms are multicellular. They are made up of many different eukaryotic cells
is the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm contains that work together.
organelles. These parts of the cell perform
cytoplasm
cell membrane 1 Tissues are formed of 2 Organs are formed of 3 Body systems are made
different functions, such as obtaining energy, cells that coordinate tissues that perform up of different organs
producing substances or protecting genetic to perform a specific different activities. Each that work together. Body
material. A prokaryotic cell
activity. Muscular tissue is organ has a specific systems enable the
3 The cell also contains genetic material. made of muscle cells. task. The stomach is an body to carry out its vital
It determines how the cell develops and what organ made up of many functions. The stomach
activity it will perform. Cells are classified by different types of tissues. is part of the digestive
the location of the genetic material. Its task is to digest food. system.
• In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material is
found within the nucleus. Animals and plants
are made up of eukaryotic cells.
• Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
The genetic material is in the cytoplasm. cytoplasm
2 Divide the class into pairs and ask them to find the Answers
underlined words in the text. Tell them to find definitions for 1 Open answer
these words and write them down. 2 The cell membrane encloses and protects the other parts
3 Pupils choose the correct word to complete the sentences. of the cell.
www The cytoplasm is everything inside the cell except the
Search engine keywords. What is a cell – Biology for
nucleus.
kids
Genetic material determines how the cell develops and
DISCOVER 04 Ask pupils to look at the pictures of the two what activity it will perform.
cells. Ask them to guess whether the cells are made up of just
3 1 eukaryotic 2 prokaryotic
one cell or many cells. Go through any new vocabulary with
the class. Then ask pupils to listen to the audio. Play the audio 4 See photo a on page 9 of the PB.
again and this time ask pupils to follow the text in their books. 5 unicellular, colony, multicellulars
19
Nutrition Interaction and reproduction
IN
Interaction
D IS
V ES T
COVER
TIGA
Track 07
E
Interaction is how living organisms react to their
environment.
D
Animals detect changes in their environments with
ISCO ER
Track 06 What is nutrition? their sense organs. The nervous system prepares
V
Expels Expels
waste waste
An amoeba dividing.
A bird obtaining nutrients. A plant obtaining nutrients.
10 ten eleven 11
INVESTIGATE 1 Use one of the vital functions, nutrition, DISCOVER 07 Ask which sense organs the rabbit uses to
interaction or reproduction, to play a game of hangman. warn it of the eagle’s presence. And which ones the eagle has
used to locate the rabbit. Play the audio.
DISCOVER 06 Ask if plants and birds need nutrients. Ask
if they get nutrients in the same way. Play the audio. 1 Pupils explain the difference between interaction in
animals and plants.
2 Pupils look at the photos. Explain that one shows
autotrophic nutrition and the other shows heterotrophic
08 Ask pupils which vital function is being shown,
interaction or reproduction? Ask how many amoebas are
nutrition. Ask them to say which is which.
involved in reproduction.
3 Pupils copy the table and put the words in the correct
2 Pupils complete the definitions.
columns.
EXPLORE 3 Pupils say the type of reproduction described.
Answers
Answers
1 Nutrition is how living organisms obtain oxygen and
1 Open answer. Animals detect changes in their environment
nutrients and eliminate waste. Interaction is how they react
with their sense organs. Plants respond to changes in light,
to their environment. Reproduction is how they reproduce.
water, soil and climate.
2 a heterotrophic b autotrophic
2 1 b 2 a
3 Animals: absorb oxygen, transform nutrients into energy.
3 No. Children usually inherit different qualities from both
Plants: absorb carbon dioxide, need carbon dioxide to
parents and may resemble one or both of the parents, but
make nutrients. Both: expel waste.
they are not identical to the parents.
20
The classification of living organisms
D IS
Fungi
COVER
Track 10
IN
All fungi have eukaryotic cells. They are heterotrophic; they obtain nutrients
V ES T
1 What is the difference between prokaryotic and from dead organic matter. Some fungi, like yeast, are unicellular. Others, like
TIGA
D
1
ISCO ER
Monera
All monera are unicellular with a prokaryotic cell. Some 4 Which type of fungus is on the bread? Cells
are autotrophic and others are heterotrophic. Bacteria
is part of the Monera Kingdom. nucleus
protozoa
cell wall
Protoctista
Track 11 Plantae
All protoctistas have eukaryotic cells. Some are
Plantae are multicellular organisms with eukaryotic cells.
unicellular and others are multicellular. They can be
Their cells form tissues. cell membrane
heterotrophic, like protozoa, or autotrophic, like algae.
a plant cell
They obtain nutrients through autotrophic nutrition.
Animalia nucleus
Seaweed is algae.
2 Copy and complete the sentences with the underlined words. Animalia are multicellular organisms with eukaryotic cells.
1 ? are unicellular organisms. 2 Some ? are multicellular organisms. Their cells form tissues.
3 ? produces its own nutrients. 4 ? feed on other living organisms. They obtain nutrients through heterotrophic nutrition.
cell membrane
an animal cell
EX
PLORE
12 twelve thirteen 13
Answers
1 A eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus while a prokaryotic
cell does not.
21
Plants
D IS
The stem of a plant
COVER
Track 14
IN The stem grows above the ground. It supports the rest of the plant. Stems
V ES T
can be thin, green and flexible. When they are thick, they are called trunks.
1 Can you think of three ways that we use plants?
TIGA
D
ISCO ER
Most leaves are green and flat. The petiole joins the leaf to the stem.
the parts of a plant
Veins transport nutrients through the leaf. The upper side of the leaf is normally
bright green and shiny. The lower side of the leaf is lighter green. It has small
Track 13 The roots of a plant openings called stomata, which connect the inside of the plant with its environment.
The roots fix a plant to the ground. Tiny root upper side
hairs are at the ends of the roots. The plant Veins
4 Say True or False. Correct the false sentences. 6 Name two parts of a plant that are above ground.
1 Plants use heterotrophic nutrition.
2 Plants have multicellular tissues. 7 Write the functions of the parts of a plant.
3 Plants interact with the environment.
4 Plants have prokaryotic cells. Roots Root hairs Root vessels Stem Stem vessels Petiole Stomata Leaf veins
a plant’s root
14 fourteen fifteen 15
22
Nutrition in plants
D IS
Respiration
How do plants respire and expel waste?
COVER
Track 19
IN
Plants respire when they absorb oxygen in the air
V ES T
1 What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms? and water.
TIGA
EX P
6 What would happen to a plant if there were no air?
LORE
• The phloem sap is distributed throughout the
plant by the vessels.
• The process of photosynthesis produces oxygen. 7 Describe the process of respiration using the words.
Tra
ck 1 8
carbon dioxide oxygen phloem sap energy carbohydrates
2 Listen and say the part of the plant.
23
Interaction and reproduction in plants
D IS
What is the reproductive function in plants?
COVER
Track 21
IN b
a Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
V ES T
E
1 Plants ? sense organs. Asexual reproduction
2 Plants ? a locomotor system.
A part of the plant develops into a new plant.
D • Some plants produce a special type of branch
called a stolon. Roots grow from the stolon to
ISCO ER
Plants detect changes in their environment and react • Other plants have a bulb and grow a new stem
to them. b in the spring.
• Most plants grow towards light. Some plants have • Mosses and ferns produce small spores. When
flowers that turn towards the Sun. they fall on moist, damp earth, they grow into
• Roots grow towards a water supply. new plants. c
• Plants’ growth can be affected by hostile weather,
Asexual reproduction
such as strong wind.
6 Match the images a to c to the words in bold.
• Climbing plants respond to contact. They wrap
themselves around objects, such as trees.
• Some plants move very quickly when they come c
Sexual reproduction 1
into contact with other organisms. The Venus flytrap
Track 22
closes as soon as it is touched. Male and female reproductive cells join together and become
a seed, which grows into new plant.
In many plants, the reproductive cells are in the flower.
2 Match each photo with a sentence above. 2
• The pistil produces the female reproductive cells, called 3
ovules. The ovules are inside the flower.
3 Name the part of the plant involved in the interaction • The stamens produce the male reproductive cells in the
in each photo. d form of grains of pollen.
4
• Some flowers have petals that form the corolla. The
EX
PLORE
Type of plant Description of interaction 1 A single organism makes a new organism from a part of its body.
2 Two organisms are needed to make a new living organism.
18 eighteen nineteen 19
Interaction and reproduction in plants 22 Ask pupils to look at the second picture carefully and
to decide whether they think it shows asexual or sexual
INVESTIGATE 1 Ask pupils to think back to the rabbit and reproduction. Play the audio.
the eagle (page 11). Tell them to find the pictures and to say 7 Pupils find the underlined words, write them down and
how the rabbit interacts and what organs or body systems it decide which parts of the picture correspond to each.
uses. Then ask if a plant has the same organs and systems.
8 Pupils say which sentence refers to asexual reproduction
DISCOVER 20 Pupils look at the different ways plants and which refers to sexual reproduction.
interact with their environment. Play the audio.
DISCOVER 23 Ask pupils to look at all of the pictures
2 Pupils match the photos to a sentence in the Discover carefully and decide what is showing. Tell pupils to look at
section. picture 1 as they listen to the first part of the audio. Repeat
3 Pupils name which part of the plant is interacting with its this process with pictures 4-5 and the parts of the audio
environment in each photo. related to each. Go through any new vocabulary.
EXPLORE 4 Explain that interaction and nutrition involve 9 Pupils read the sentences and put them in the correct
similar parts of a plant. Pupils decide which sentences order according to the information given in the pictures.
correspond to which function. When they have done that, the letters will spell a part of a
5 Pupils look at plants in the classroom or through the plant.
window and describe the interaction they can see that has EXPLORE 10 Pupils answer the questions.
happened. Ask them to draw a picture of the plant to explain
the interaction. Answers
DISCOVER 21 Remind pupils that in asexual reproduction, 1 1 have 2 don’t have
a part of the plant becomes a new plant, but in sexual 2 a plants affected by weather b plants grow towards light
reproduction, male and female cells are needed. Play the audio. c climbing plants d roots grow towards water e some
6 Pupils find the words in bold, write them down and decide plants move very quickly
which parts of the first picture correspond to each. 3 a trunk, b flower, c roots, d roots, e leaves
24
D
ISCO ER
V Track 23 How do plants with seeds reproduce? 1 Copy and complete the observation table.
1 2
• Pollination. Pollen from one
plant is transported to another
Photosynthesis experiment
plant. The pollen can be carried
by the wind or by insects. Instructions:
You need: 1 Fill the glass with water.
• Fertilisation. The male 2 Float the leaf on the water.
a clear glass
reproductive cells in the pollen a leaf 3 Place the glass in sunlight.
join with the female reproductive water 4 Observe the leaf after an hour.
cells in the ovules. The ovules sunlight
are found in the pistil.
3 4 5
Observation table
At the start of the What do you What happens after an
experiment think will happen? hour?
root stem
9 Match the sentences to the pictures. Put the sentences in order.
What part of the plant do the green letters spell?
photosynthesis stomata
e The seed falls to the ground. l The ovule is fertilised by the male cells in the pollen.
r A new plant grows. f An insect carries the pollen to a second plant.
w The fertilised ovule becomes a seed. s Roots are formed in the soil.
o The pistil becomes the fruit. 1 2 3 4 5
EX
20 twenty twenty-one 21
4 1 nutrition 2 interaction 3 interaction 4 nutrition 5 interaction APPLY The activities in this Apply section work with the
6 nutrition 7 interaction following official LOMCE competences:
5 Open answer CCL CMCT CAA CSYC SIEP
6 a spores b bulb c stolon
7 1 pollen 2 stamen 3 petal 4 calyx 5 ovules 6 pistil 1 Pupils carry out an experiment to show photosynthesis.
8 1 asexual reproduction 2 sexual reproduction They will need a clear glass of water and a leaf. When they
9 1 f 2 l 3 o 4 w 5 e 5 r - flower have finished, they put their results into an observation table
and compare their results with the class.
10 Open answer. Examples: 1 colour and scent 2 so it can be
carried by the wind 3 the seed; because it will form the 2 Divide the class into groups and explain that they
new plant. are going to have a quiz on plants. Each group must prepare
six statements about plants that may be true or false. Tell
4
Final task. Pupils describe the reproduction of one them to use the words in the book.
of the plants they used in step three.
Answers
1 Open answer
Notes
2 Open answer
5 Final task. Pupils prepare their models and
drawings and arrange them to put on a display in the
classroom. They walk around and discuss each other’s
work.
25
ck 2 4
Tra
1 Listen and choose the correct living organism. 7 Make four sentences.
1 seaweed grass Plants absorb oxygen during respiration.
2 mould bacteria b ? Plants release carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
3 mushroom tree
4 rose bush butterfly
5 amoeba fish
6 protozoa worm 8 Copy and complete the outlines.
a ?
2 Copy and label the parts of the eukaryotic cell. Cells
cytoplasm cell wall nucleus organelles
e Vital functions
Nutrition Interaction ?
a d
b c Heterotrophic organisms
Autotrophic asexual sexual
feed on other living
organisms make
organisms or organic matter
their own food.
6 Copy and complete the sentences with animals, plants to get nutrients.
or unicellular organisms.
1 Some ? and some ? reproduce through sexual reproduction.
? nervous system
2 All ? reproduce through asexual reproduction. locomotor system
22 twenty-two twenty-three 23
3 Pupils read the six descriptions of parts of a cell and then 6 1 plants, animals 2 unicellular
choose which part each sentence is referring to. 7 Open answers. Examples: Plants absorb oxygen during
respiration. Plants release carbon dioxide during
4 Pupils write sentences to explain why these words are
respiration. Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis.
connected. Refer to page 9 for help.
Plants absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
5 Pupils label the parts of the flower using the letters a-e in 8 See printable resources.
the picture.
Notes
6 Pupils read the sentences and use the words animals,
plants or unicellular organisms to fill in the gaps.
7 Pupils make four sentences using the different sentence
options given.
8 Pupils copy and complete the outlines.
26