Copper(II) oxide

Copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula
Copper(II) oxide
CuO. A black solid, it is one of the two stable oxides of copper, the other being
Cu2O or cuprous oxide. As a mineral, it is known as tenorite. It is a product of
copper mining and the precursor to many other copper-containing products and
chemical compounds.[3]

Contents
Production
Reactions
Structure and physical properties
Uses
Use in disposal
See also
References
External links

Production
It is produced on a large scale by pyrometallurgy used to extract copper from
ores. The ores are treated with an aqueous mixture of ammonium carbonate,
ammonia, and oxygen to give copper(I) and copper(II) ammine complexes,
which are extracted from the solids. These complexes are decomposed with
steam to give CuO.

It can be formed by heating copper in air at around 300 – 800°C:

2 Cu + O2 → 2 CuO

For laboratory uses, pure copper(II) oxide is better prepared by heating

copper(II) nitrate, copper(II) hydroxide or basic copper(II) carbonate:

2 Cu(NO3)2 (s) → 2 CuO (s) + 4 NO2 (g) + O2 (g) Names

(180°C) IUPAC name
Cu(OH)2 (s) → CuO (s) + H2O (l) (80-100°C) Copper(II) oxide
Cu2CO3(OH)2 (s) → 2CuO (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (g)
Other names
(290°C)
Cupric oxide
Identifiers
CAS Number 1317-38-0 (http://
Reactions www.commonche
mistry.org/Chemi
Copper(II) oxide dissolves in mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric calDetail.aspx?re
acid or nitric acid to give the corresponding copper(II) salts: f=1317-38-0)
3D model (JSmol) Interactive image
CuO + 2 HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O
CuO + 2 HCl → CuCl2 + H2O (https://chemapp
CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O s.stolaf.edu/jmol/j
mol.php?model
It reacts with concentrated alkali to form the corresponding cuprate salts: =%5BCu%5D%3
DO)
2 MOH + CuO + H2O → M2[Cu(OH)4]
Interactive image
It can also be reduced to copper metal using hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or (https://chemapp
carbon: s.stolaf.edu/jmol/j
mol.php?model
CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O =%5BCu%2B2%
CuO + CO → Cu + CO2 5D.%5BO-2%5D)
2CuO + C → 2Cu + CO2
ChEBI CHEBI:75955 (htt
When cupric oxide is substituted for iron oxide in thermite the resulting ps://www.ebi.ac.u
mixture is a low explosive, not an incendiary. k/chebi/searchId.
do?chebiId=7595
5)
Structure and physical properties
ChEMBL ChEMBL1909057
Copper(II) oxide belongs to the monoclinic crystal system. The copper atom is
(https://www.ebi.a
coordinated by 4 oxygen atoms in an approximately square planar
c.uk/chembldb/in
configuration.[1]
dex.php/compou
The work function of bulk CuO is 5.3eV[4] nd/inspect/ChEM
BL1909057)
Copper(II) oxide is a p-type semiconductor, with a narrow band gap of 1.2 eV.
ChemSpider 144499 (http://ww
Cupric oxide can be used to produce dry cell batteries.
w.chemspider.co
m/Chemical-Stru
Uses cture.144499.htm
As a significant product of copper mining, copper(II) oxide is the starting point l)
for the production of other copper salts. For example, many wood preservatives ECHA InfoCard 100.013.882 (http
are produced from copper oxide.[3] s://echa.europa.e
u/substance-infor
Cupric oxide is used as a pigment in ceramics to produce blue, red, and green,
mation/-/substanc
and sometimes gray, pink, or black glazes.
einfo/100.013.88
It is also incorrectly used as a dietary supplement in animal feed.[5] Due to low 2)
bioactivity, negligible copper is absorbed.[6] PubChem CID 14829 (https://pu
bchem.ncbi.nlm.n
It is also used when welding with copper alloys.[7]
ih.gov/compound/
A copper oxide electrode formed part of the early battery type known as the 14829)
Edison–Lalande cell. Copper oxide was also used in a lithium battery type (IEC RTECS number GL7900000
60086 code "G").
UNII V1XJQ704R4 (htt
ps://fdasis.nlm.ni
Use in disposal h.gov/srs/srsdirec
Cupric oxide can be used to safely dispose of hazardous materials such as t.jsp?regno=V1XJ
cyanide, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and dioxins, through Q704R4)
oxidation.[8]
InChI
The decomposition reactions of phenol and pentachlorophenol follow these InChI=1S/Cu.O/q+2;-2
Key: KKCXRELNMOYFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
pathways:
InChI=1/Cu.O/rCuO/c1-2
Key: QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-PHEGLCPBAN
C6H5OH + 14CuO → 6CO2 + 3H2O + 14Cu
InChI=1/Cu.O/q+2;-2
C6Cl5OH + 2H2O + 9CuO → 6CO2 + 5HCl + 9Cu Key: KKCXRELNMOYFLS-UHFFFAOYAT

SMILES
See also [Cu]=O

Patina [Cu+2].[O-2]

Copper(I) oxide Properties

Chemical formula CuO
References Molar mass 79.545 g/mol
1. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ambient temperature Appearance black to brown
structure of CuO, Forsyth J.B., Hull S., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 3 powder
(1991) 5257-5261 , doi:10.1088/0953-8984/3/28/001 (https://doi.or
g/10.1088%2F0953-8984%2F3%2F28%2F001). Crystallographic Density 6.315 g/cm3
point group: 2/m or C2h. Space group: C2/c. Lattice parameters: a Melting point 1,326 °C
= 4.6837(5), b = 3.4226(5), c = 5.1288(6), α = 90°, β = 99.54(1)°, γ (2,419 °F;
= 90°.
1,599 K)
2. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150" (https://www.c
dc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0150.html). National Institute for Boiling point 2,000 °C
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (3,630 °F;
3. H. Wayne Richardson "Copper Compounds in Ullmann's 2,270 K)
Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Solubility in water insoluble
doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_567 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356
007.a07_567) Solubility soluble in
4. F. P. Koffyberg and F. A. Benko (1982). "A photoelectrochemical ammonium
determination of the position of the conduction and valence band chloride,
edges of p-type CuO". J. Appl. Phys. 53 (2): 1173. potassium
doi:10.1063/1.330567 (https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.330567). cyanide
5. "Uses of Copper Compounds: Other Copper Compounds" (http://w insoluble in
ww.copper.org/applications/compounds/other_compounds.html). alcohol,
Copper Development Association. 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
ammonium
6. Cupric Oxide Should Not Be Used As a Copper Supplement for
hydroxide,
Either Animals or Humans, Baker, D. H., J. Nutr. 129, 12 (1999)
ammonium
2278-2279
carbonate
7. "Cupric Oxide Data Sheet" (http://www.axxousa.com/data/cuox_d.h
tml). Hummel Croton Inc. 2006-04-21. Retrieved 2007-02-01. Band gap 1.2 eV
8. Kenney, Charlie W.; Uchida, Laura A. (April 1986). "Use of copper Magnetic +238.9·10−6
(II) oxide as source of oxygen for oxidation reactions" (http://www.fr susceptibility (χ) cm3/mol
eepatentsonline.com/4582613.html). Retrieved 2007-06-29.
Refractive index 2.63
(nD)
External links Structure

National Pollutant Inventory - Copper and compounds fact sheet (ht Crystal structure monoclinic,
tps://web.archive.org/web/20080302034606/http://www.npi.gov.au/d mS8[1]
atabase/substance-info/profiles/27.html)
Copper oxides project page (http://copperoxides.altervista.org/) Space group C2/c, #15
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (https://www.cdc. Lattice constant a = 4.6837,
gov/niosh/npg/npgd0151.html)
b = 3.4226,
c = 5.1288
α = 90°,
β = 99.54°,
γ = 90°
Thermochemistry
Std molar 43 J·mol−1·K−1
entropy (So298)
Std enthalpy of −156 kJ·mol−1
formation
(ΔfH⦵298)
Hazards
Safety data sheet Fisher Scientific
(https://fscimage.f
ishersci.com/msd
s/05655.htm)
EU classification Harmful (Xn)
(DSD) (outdated) Dangerous for
the environment
(N)
NFPA 704
0
2 1

Flash point Non-flammable

US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL TWA 1 mg/m3 (as
(Permissible) Cu)[2]
REL TWA 1 mg/m3 (as
(Recommended) Cu)[2]

IDLH TWA 100 mg/m3

(Immediate (as Cu)[2]
danger)
Related compounds
Other anions Copper(II) sulfide
Other cations Nickel(II) oxide
Zinc oxide
Related Copper(I) oxide
compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data
are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F],
100 kPa).
 verify (what is ?)
Infobox references

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