ISSN: 2277-3754
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2012
Review for TD-SCDMA System
Rashmi Mishra, Rajesh Nema
Abstract:In this review paper, we analyze the performance
of Channel estimation problem for TD-SCDMA System. The
conventional channel estimation algorithm currently used in
the TD-SCDMA system. Parallel interference cancellation
(PIC) channel estimation algorithm by simultaneously
eliminating the interference of adjacent cells and improve the
accuracy of channel estimation. Accurate information of
channel impulsive response (CIR) is the key to performance of
receivers. Successive interference cancellation (SIC), this
channel algorithm is also used for Time Division
Synchronization Code Division Multiple Access Systems (TD-
SCDMA). TD-SCDMA is the country's standard of 3G mobile
telecommunication. This reduces the number of users in each
timeslot, which reduces the implementation complexity
of multiuser detection and beam forming schemes, but the
non-continuous transmission also reduces coverage (because
of the higher peak power needed), mobility (because of
lower power control frequency) and complicates
radio algorithms. In different interference cancellation (IC)
schemes is also exist for multiuser detection (MUD) or spatial
multiplexing (SM) problems.
Keywords: Channel Estimation, Interference
cancellation, TD-SCDMA.
I. INTRODUCTION
TD-SCDMA is the country's standard of 3G mobile
telecommunication. TD-SCDMA is the Best Choice for
Evolution of Mobile Communications from the 2G to the
3G [1]. Table 1 shows the relation between TD-SCDMA to
Other 3G Standards. Two most key parameters are used
in TD-SCDMA, 1) Smart Antennas [2] 2) Joint Detection
[3]
. Smart Antenna is a multi element antenna where the
signal received at each antenna element is intelligently
combined to improve the performance of the wireless
system. Smart Antenna increases the signal range and
capacity of wireless systems (MIMO) [2].The
performances of these key parameters are highly
dependent on the channel estimation accuracy [4]. Joint
detection eliminates the intra-cell multiple access
interference (MAI) that is caused by users that are located
in the same cell and transmit at the same time and on the
same frequency (co-channel users)[3]. Consequently, to
guarantee the performance of TD-SCDMA systems, it is
desirable to develop a CE algorithm with high precision
and low complexity. Recently, a low cost and high
accurate Steiner channel estimator according to the
maximum likelihood criterion [5] is widely applied for
channel estimation under the condition of single cell
environment. These technologies have become more
mature and practical and with which TD-SCDMA can
reach higher spectrum efficiency over other 3G systems.
However, the performance of these key technologies is
highly dependent on the channel estimation accuracy.
Depending on whether a known training sequence is
employed or not, the channel estimation technology [6, 7]
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can be divided into three types: blind estimation, semi-
blind estimation and training sequence based estimation.
In a TD-SCDMA system, the mid-amble code is
embedded in the burst transmitted data blocks of each
timeslot, serving as the training sequence for the channel
estimation.
Table 1 TD-SCDMA in Relation to Other 3G Standards
Standard Access Mode Chip Rate
WCDMA FDD 3.84 Mcps
TDD-CDMA TDD 3.84 Mcps
TD-SCDMA TDD 1.28 Mcps
II. SYSTEM MODEL
In TD-SCDMA systems, multiple data of multiple
users is transmitted with burst structure. A burst consists
of two data blocks separated by a midamble code, which
is used for channel estimation. Each user in the same cell
is allocated a different time-shifted version of a basic
cell-specific midamble code. In a TD-SCDMA system,
the midamble code is embedded in the burst transmitted
data blocks of each timeslot, serving as the training
sequence for the channel estimation. The midamble codes
assigned to different users in the same cell come from the
cyclic shifting of the same basic midamble sequence. The
channel estimation algorithm based on successive
interference cancellation (SIC) [10] outperforms the one
based on parallel interference cancellation (PIC) [8] [9] in
both performance aspect and complexity aspect.
However, the estimation error of some CIR with low
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may be very high for SIC
channel estimator, leading to a large gap between the
performance of SIC estimator and JCE estimator. Serial
interference cancellation channel estimation algorithm by
orderly eliminating the adjacent cells interference was
proposed for an intra-frequency TD-SCDMA network to
reduce the effect of adjacent cells interference to the
accuracy of channel estimation. Fig 1: represents the
block diagram of TD-SCDMA System.
Fig 1: TD-SCDMA System Block Diagram.
The development of its own mobile standard,
especially one that has distinct technological advantages
with respect to other standards, is a great source of
national pride not to mention the large savings in royalty
fees. On Oct. 23, 2002, China MII (Ministry of
 ISSN: 2277-3754
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2012
Information Industry) issued the 3G spectrum allocation  1880MHz—1920MHz/2010MHz—2025MHz
in China. Totally 155 MHz unpaired spectrum has been (core)
allocated to TDD.  2300Mhz—2400MHz (complement, shared
band with Wireless Location Based service)
 Total : 155MHz

Parameter Value

1.6 MHz
Carrier bandwidth

1.6 MHz
Carrier spacing

1.28 Mcps
Chip rate

TDD
Duplex type

TDMA, CDMA, FDMA

Multiple access scheme
Fig 2: TD-SCDMA Meets China’s Voice & Data 10 ms
Requirement Frame length
A. Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) Provides two
distinct frequency bands to be used in the system, one for 7
Number of slots/frames
uplink and the other for downlink traffic.
B.Time Division Duplexing (TDD) Uses a single 10 ms
frequency band for uplink and downlink, but the uplink Radio frame length
and downlink traffic occurs at predetermined time slots.
Thus, given a system with bandwidth W, FDD would use 5 ms
Radio sub-frame length
W/2 for uplink and W/2 for downlink, allowing both links
to transmit simultaneously. QPSK or 8 PSK
A TDD system would use the same bandwidth W for Data modulation
uplink and downlink, but they would not transmit at the
Table2. TD-SCDMA System Parameters
same time. Wireless communications systems not only
share resources such as time and frequency for uplink and
downlink but they also require users to send and receive
information in both directions using the same resources. III. LITERATURE SURVEY & RESULT
Because the shared spectrum resources are so limited, as ANALYSIS
many users as possible must access and share the High data rates and secured data communication has
spectrum simultaneously. become an unavoidable need of every mobile users. 3G
C.FDD technology provides greater data speed and secured
 1920MHz—1980MHz/2110MHz—2170MHz networks compared to its predecessor 2G or 2.5G. The
(core) highest bit rates in commercially deployed wireless
 1755MHz—1785MHz/1850MHz—1880MHz systems are achieved by Time Division – Synchronous
(complement) Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA).The next
 All 2G used spectrum (GSM& CDMA) on advance in cellular systems, under investigation by Third
800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz are 3G FDD Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), also anticipates
extend spectrum the adoption of TDD and Synchronous CDMA
 Total: 2 x 90MHz technology to achieve high data rates. This topic shows
D.TDD the improvement of overall performance of TD-SCDMA.

Year/ Title Purpose Results Graphs

S.
Conference

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 ISSN: 2277-3754
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2012
No.

1 08/2008 Improved Multi- To further The multicell JCE It performs well within the
Cell Joint improve the results provide reference cell, but inter-
IEEE Channel system more reliable cell interference still exists
performance, system information
Estimation for and potentially degrades
multi-cell JD and and Consequently
TD-SCDMA inter-cell the BER the system performance.
Downlink. interference performance of
cancellation multi-cell JD is also
(IIC) have been Significantly
proposed to improved.
combat the inter-
cell interference.
2 08/2008 Joint Channel To obtain better The MSE analysis
Estimation knowledge of the Proved the
IEEE Algorithm For channel impulse effectiveness of the
response (CIR), a proposed algorithms
Intrafrequency
Multi-cell joint in improving the
TD-SCDMA channel estimation CIR estimation
System. algorithm was accuracy for both
proposed in this local cell users and
paper.( MMSE- strong interfering
based Joint adjacent cell users.
Channel
Estimation
Algorithm)
3 09/2009 Applying V- This paper Describes the
BLAST proposes a scheme symbol by symbol
Wireless Detection to apply the V- scheme to apply
VITAE’09 BLAST detection VBLAST detection
Algorithms into
algorithms into algorithms into
TDD-CDMA TDD-CDMA. TDD-CDMA and
This paper analysis the
proposes a performance and
Symbol by symbol Higher complexity.
scheme to arrive
this purpose.

4 10/2008 Improved Parallel This paper provides Graph not shown in paper.
Channel interference better accuracy of
IEEE Int. Estimation cancellation (PIC) the channel
Conference Algorithm Based
channel estimation estimation but
Neural on Parallel
Interference algorithm by higher
Networks & simultaneously computational
Cancellation. eliminating the
Signal complexity.
Processing interference of
Adjacent cells
were proposed in
this paper to
improve the
accuracy of
channel
estimation.

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 ISSN: 2277-3754
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2012
5 2011 Multi-Cell Inter-cell the performance of
Interference interference is MCPIC schemes
IEEE Cancellation for reconstructed and are obviously
TD-SCDMA eliminated with improved compared
Compatible initial data of all with the
Mobile Satellite cells. Both intra- Traditional SCJD
System. cell and inter-cell scheme. But
interferences are MCPIC is more
Cancelled and the
complex than
system
MCSIC.
performance is
greatly enhanced.

Table 3: Literature Analysis of Different Papers

IV. CONCLUSION
This study provided different types of channel
estimation algorithm are used in TD-SCDMA system.
This paper we studied many CE Algorithm which provide
the improvement of the system performances. But some
algorithm provides greater computational complexity in
system (Table 3).To increased the system performance
use interference cancellation scheme.
REFERENCES
[1] L. Shine (2004), ―The TD-SCDMA Standard in IMT
2000‖,http://www.tdscdmaforum.org/EN/resources/see.asp
?id=13, 7 / Feb / 2006.
[2] J. H. Winters, ―Smart Antennas for Wireless Systems‖,
IEEE Personal Communications, pp. 23- 27, 1998, 1.
[3] M.Vollmer, M. Haardt, and J. Götze, ―Comparative
Study of Joint-Detection Techniques for TD CDMA
Based Mobile Radio Systems‖, IEEE Journal on Selected
Areas in Communications, pp. 1461-1475, 2001, 19(8).
[4] J. J. Blanz, A. Papathanassiou, M. Haardt, I. Furio, and P.
W. Baier, ―Smart antennas for combined DOA and
joint channel estimation in time slotted CDMA mobile
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Technol., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 293–306, May. 2000.
[5] B. Steiner and P. Jung, ―Optimum and Suboptimum
Channel Estimation for the Uplink of CDMA Mobile
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Telecomm. and Related Tech., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 39–50,
Jan.-Feb. 1994.
[6] J. G. PROAKIS, Digital Communications (Forth
Edition), New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
[7] A. D. Frank, W. Utschick, ―Pilot-assisted channel
estimation based on second-order statistics‖, IEEE
Transaction on Signal Processing, pp.1178-1193,
2005, 53(3).
[8] P. Xue, D. K. Kang, and D. K. Kim, ―Improved Multi-cell
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IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. E92-B, no. 4, pp. 1244–1251,
Apr. 2009.
[9] X. Song and K.li, ―Improved Channel Estimation Algorithm
Based on Parallel Interference Cancellation,‖ Proc.
ICNNSP, Nanjing, China, June 2008, pp. 466–469.
[10] X. Song, A. Hu, and Q. Song, ―Serial Interference
Cancellation Based Channel Estimation for Improving the
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Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Tech. (Nature Science), vol. 35,
no. z1, pp. 232–236, Mar. 2007.
[11] X. Song and K.li, ―Joint channel estimation algorithm for
intra-frequency TD-SCDMA system,‖ Proc. ICNNSP,
Nanjing, China, June 2008, pp. 461–465.
[12] Zhou Huayu Zhou Huayu, Tang Hui Tang
Hui and Zhang Qin Zhang Qin ―Applying V-BLAST
detection algorithms into TDD-CDMA‖, crossref :243-
247WIRELESSVITAE.2009.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Rashmi Mishra, done BE with Electronics &
Communication in 2007. She is currently
pursuing her Master of Technology in Digital
Communication from NIIST, Bhopal, India. She
has published two international papers, three
National papers. Her research interests are
Communication System & Wireless
Communication Network.
Mr. Rajesh Nema, Presently working as Associate Professor with NRI-
Institute of Information , Science & Technology, Bhopal INDIA,
Department of Electronics & Communication. He has done BE & M
Tech .Also doing P Hd. He has published twenty International Papers.
His research interests are Image processing, Communication networks
and Antenna.

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