CONCEPTS AND THEORIES

1. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of an open-ended questionnaire?

a. Respondents do not like to answer an open-ended questionnaire because they feel they are
taking an examination
b. It generates multiple responses
c. Multiple responses make statistical analysis difficult
d. None of the above

2. In which type of interview will questions be stated specifically in a fixed list?

a. Unstructured
b. Structured
c. There isn’t enough information to predict
d. Both a and b

3. According to Kotler and Armstrong, a question that offers two answer choices which are
usually opposites is called:
a. Trichotomous
b. Dichotomous
c. Multiple choice
d. Multiple response

4. The type of closed-ended question where a statement with which a respondent shows the
amount of agreement or disagreement is called
a. Multiple choice
b. Likert Scale
c. Multiple Response
d. Semantic Differential

5. The type of open-ended question where words or even phrases are presented one at a time,
then the respondent mentions the first word or phrase that comes to the mind is called
a. Completely unstructured
b. Word association
c. Sentence completion
d. Story completion

6. The type of closed-ended question that offers two answer choices that are usually opposites or
contrasting thoughts is called
a. Dichotomous
b. Trichotomous
c. Multiple response
d. Multiple choice
7. The type of closed-ended question in which respondents select the point (in a scale) that
represents the direction and intensity of his feelings is called
a. Semantic differential
b. Intention scale
c. Rating scale
d. Importance scale

8. Which of the following is described as taking a sample from the population by means of a
procedure that provides every constituent a chance to be involved as a sample?
a. Non-probability sampling
b. Probability sampling
c. Lottery method
d. High-density sampling

9. Which of the following type of non-probability sampling described as a deliberate selection of

individuals by the researcher based on predefined criteria?
a. Accidental sampling
b. Convenience sampling
c. Purposive sampling
d. Quota sampling

10. Selection of respondents in the easiest and most expeditious way is a characteristic of
a. Network sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Convenience sampling
d. Quota sampling

11. A sampling by opportunity in which the researcher takes the respondents from those he meets
unexpectedly is called
a. Accidental sampling
b. Cluster sampling
c. Systematic sampling
d. Systematic random sampling

12. This is the science that deals with the collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of
numerical or qualitative data:
a. Descriptive statistics
b. Inferential statistics
c. Statistics
d. Statistical package for Social Sciences
13. What type of error in testing a hypothesis is committed when the researcher accepts the null
hypothesis that is false?
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV

14. When a researcher rejects the null hypothesis that is true, he commits what type of error?
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV

15. When computing for a sample size, statisticians usually suggest which of the following?
a. Spearman-Brown formula
b. Kuder-Richardson formula
c. Coefficient alpha
d. Slovin’s formula

16. Determining an adequate percentage or number from the population/assigning all subjects
with a number/ determining adequate sample size. This procedure describes which of the
following?
a. Systematic sampling
b. Simple random sampling
c. Cluster(multistage)
d. Convenience sampling

17. If a researcher is interested in a particular characteristic, segment, or startum of a population,

he will most likely utilize which of the following?
a. Systematic sampling with random start
b. Quota sampling
c. Stratified random sampling
d. Simple random sampling

18. When a researcher wishes to do a measure of central tendency, he will most likely use which
of the following descriptive statistics?
a. Mode
b. Median
c. Mean
d. All of the above
19. All of the following descriptive statistic should succeed in testing relationships EXCEPT:
a. Chi-square
b. Spearman rank
c. Range
d. Pearson rank

20. If the level of existing knowledge about a topic in research is little, it is said to be
a. Exploratory
b. Descriptive
c. Explanatory
d. Retrospective

21. If data collection is done in several periods, the research is said to be

a. Cross-sectional
b. Longitudinal
c. Basic
d. Field

22. If a study is prospective, the data source is

a. Existing data
b. New data
c. A combination of both a and b
d. None of the above

23. Which concept of design is described by this statement: Having the power to direct or
manipulate factors to achieve a desired outcome?
a. Validity
b. Manipulation
c. Bias
d. Control

24. Which of the following uses sympathy, friendship, cooperation, and sharing between the
interviewer and interviewee?
a. Soft interview
b. Stress interview
c. Standardized interview
d. a and c

25. The type of interview usually utilized by police investigators in cases that they handle is
called
a. Soft interview
b. Stress interview
c. Standardized interview
d. None of the above

26. The type of interview that nurses usually use when collecting data for patient care is/are:
a. Soft interview
b. Stress interview
c. Standardized interview
d. a and c

27. Which of the following must be quoted?

a. Theoretical framework
b. Conceptual framework
c. Operational definition
d. a and b

28. The answer in number 1 is usually expressed

a. With formal statements
b. Informally
c. A combination of both a and b
d. None of the above

29. Other than revealing what has been done previously in a problem area, the Review of
Related Literature and Studies also:
a. Justifies replication
b. Indicates whether it is feasible to do the planned research by revealing difficulties encountered
by the previous researches
c. Uncovers promising methodological tool/s
d. All of the above

30. The sources of data for the Review of Related Literature and Studies will include all of the
following EXCEPT:
a. Journals
b. Dissertations
c. Electronic communication
d. None of the above

31. The answer/s in number 30 should also include:

a. Abstracts
b. Conferences
c. Programs
d. All of the above

32. Which type of data source can tell a researcher where to locate sources like articles,
monograms, books, documents?
a. General Reference
b. Primary sources
c. Secondary sources
d. a and b

33. Textbooks and encyclopedias are examples of :

a. General references
b. Primary sources
c. Secondary sources
d. A combination of both a and b

34. Which part of the Review of Related Literature and Studies describes the nature of the
research problem?
a. Introduction
b. Body of the review
c. Summary of the review
d. Bibliography

35. The type of data which are obtained directly by the researcher himself are called
a. Documentary data
b. Empirical data
c. Valid data
d. Reliable data

36. The plan, structure and strategy of the research investigation is called the
a. Review of Related Literature and Studies
b. Background of the Study
c. Research Design
d. Blueprint

37. The answer in number 10 is a part of Chapter 3 of the Thesis Manuscript. The other parts
include also the following EXCEPT:
a. Sampling
b. Instrumentation
c. Statistical analysis
d. Definition of Terms
38. The qualitative research method which describes an experience as lived by people is called:
a. Grounded Theory
b. Ethnographic
c. Phenomenological
d. Historical

39. The systematic collection, description, and analysis of data to develop a theory of cultural
behavior is called
a. Grounded theory
b. Ethnographic
c. Phenomenological
d. Triangulation

40. When multiple methods are used in the study of the same phenomenon, the research is called
a. Critical Social Theory
b. Triangulation
c. Philosophical Inquiry
d. Quasi-experimental

41. In which of the following will the independent variable be NOT manipulated, either because
it is inherently unmanipulable or because it occurred in the past or after the fact?
a. Correlational Method
b. Comparative Method
c. Ex Post Facto
d. Quasi-experimental

42. The systematic investigation of relationships between 2 or more variables is called:

a. Correlational Method
b. Descriptive Method
c. Grounded Theory
d. Historical

43. Research tools have a set of criteria to satisfy. The one which is defined as the extent to
which the procedure actually accomplishes what it seeks to accomplish is
a. Reliability
b. Sensitivity
c. Validity
d. Specificity

44. Appropriateness is defined as

a. The extent that the research tool elicits the same or similar results whenever it is given
b. The ability of the instrument to make discriminations required for the research problem
c. Quality which enables the respondents to meet demands of the instrument
d. None of the above

45. The degree to which the tool is independent of the personal opinions, subjective judgment,
biases of the individual test user is called
a. Positive Predictive Value
b. Reliability
c. Validity
d. Objectivity

46. The most commonly used tool to generate data is

a. The questionnaire
b. Interview
c. Observation checklist
d. a and b

B. APPLICATION OF CONCEPTS AND THEORIES

47. Do you like to be treated in this hospital? Please check the box that represents your answer
□YES □NO
This is an example of a
a. Dichotomous question
b. Trichotomous question
c. Likert scale
d. Semantic differential

48. Our hospital provides better services than our neighbor hospital.
□strongly agree
□agree
□neither agree or disagree
□disagree
□strongly disagree
This is an example of a
a. Intention scale
b. Importance scale
c. Multiple choice
d. Likert scale

49. When I establish a residence, my first criterion is_______________

This is an example of
a. Story completion
b. Word association
c. Sentence completion
d. Close method

50. Study: Lifestyle of people inhabiting a mountainous community in a developing province

where there is no incidence of cholesterol-related mortality was reported. Researcher was
curious about the population in that place which is similar to a population in one subdivision in
the city, but in the latter, a remarkable proportion of deaths were recorded for the past 2 years. In
the subject rural community, the situation is entirely unique as there was an insignificant
mortality rate. The researcher integrated himself with the rural community. He observed that
men and women worked in the field until they were capable, exerting much of their effort in
preparing the fields, overseeing farms and carrying harvests from farm site to their house. The
BAYANIHAN system still exists and almost all deaths are caused by old age.
This is an example of an
a. Ethnographic research
b. Experimental research
c. Ex Post Facto research
d. Historical research

51. Study title: Development of an Institute into a University. This is an example of a/an
a. Historical research
b. Experimental research
c. Ethnographic research
d. Phenomenological research

52. All of the participants in a study have undergone 100 hours reinforcement study in each of
the following subjects: mathematics, Science, Local Language. 200 hours study in Foreign
language and 50 hours study each for Music, PE, and in Community Service. After their period
of study, the participants were required to take competitive examinations consisting of the
following specifications:
SUBJECTS NO. OF ITEMS
Mathematics 50
Science 50
Local Language 50
Foreign Language 50
Music 10
PE 10
Community Service 10
The number of items for each subject is
a. Fair
b. Unfair
c. Impossible
d. b and c

53. The number of items for each subject is

a. Biased
b. Not biased
c. Possible
d. b and c

54. To make the number of test items proportional to the time allotted for study area, the
researcher should:
a. Allot 75 items for Foreign Language and 25 questions for Music, PE, Community Service
b. Allot 150 items for Foreign Language and 50 questions for Music, PE, Community Service
c. Allot 100 items for Foreign Language and 25 questions for Music, PE, Community
Service
d. None of the above

SINGLE AUTHOR (BOOK)

Chito L. Pagsanghan. Methods of Research, Fatima University Press: Valenzuela City 2010, 2nd
Ed

55. The above bibliography has how many errors in form?

a. 2
b. 3
c. 1
d. None of the above

PERIODICALS/MAGAZINES/JOURNALS

Reyes, Urbano F. “The Students Today.” Panorama. Manila Bulletin Publishing Company:
Manila, 15 February 2004 pp. 21-22

56. The bibliographic entry has how many errors?

a. 3
b. 4
c. 2
d. None of the above
57. This is the most practical data collection instrument to use:
a. Interview
b. Checklist
c. Likert scale
d. Questionnaire

58. The most appropriate research design for the study is:
a. Descriptive
b. Retrospective
c. Ex post facto
d. Quasi-experimental

59. If you decide to study the relationship of eating breakfast and performance in class, in which
would be the independent variable?
a. Student's characteristics
b. Performance in class
c. Meal patterns
d. Eating breakfast

60. The most appropriate statement of your hypothesis is:

a. There is a positive correlation between eating habits and class performance
b. There is a relationship between eating breakfast and performance in class
c. Performance in class is more likely to be affected when eating breakfast
d. Performance in class is associated with eating breakfast

61. All EXCEPT one are the purposes of applied research:

a. To find solutions for existing problems
b. Focuses on factors which can be changed by intervention to achieve a desired goal
c. For solving problems
d. Uses inductive process

62. The purposes of quantitative research are which of the following?

a. Gathers numerical values as its data
b. Investigates concepts, constructs and variables
c. Uses a deductive reasoning and associate with positivist tradition
d. All of these

63. Qualitative research has all of the following purposes EXCEPT:

a. Gathers narrative description as its data and associates with naturalistic inquiry
b. Uses inductive process and uses subjectivity that enriches the naturalistic insights
c. Takes place both in natural as well as in contrived laboratory setting
d. Takes place in the field

64. It describes an existing problem situation and examines the underlying factors that contribute
to the emergence of the problem.
a. Exploratory research
b. Explanatory research
c. Applied research
d. Qualitative research

65. All of the following are parts of the conceptual phase of research EXCEPT:
a. Problem identification
b. Placing problem in conceptual and theoretical framework
c. Reviewing literature
d. Determining sampling plan

66. Selecting the study design, determining sampling plan, identifying a method of data
collection and conducting a pilot study are under what phase of the research process?
a. Conceptual phase
b. Design phase
c. Implementation phase
d. Analysis and interpretation

67. Which of the following refers to the process of selecting a portion of the population
representative of the population?
a. Population
b. Sampling
c. Element
d. Variable

68. Which of the following is NOT a correct notion about probability sampling?
a. Involves random selection in choosing
b. Researcher can specify the probability that each element of the population will be included in
the sample
c. No way to estimate the probability that each element has a chance of being included
d. All except choice b

69. The researcher divides the population into homogenous subgroups from which elements are
selected at random. The researcher does what specific probability sampling?
a. Simple random sampling
b. Stratified random sampling
c. Cluster or multistage sampling
d. Systematic sampling

70. All of the following are types of non probability sampling EXCEPT:
a. Convenience sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Purposive sampling
d. Non networking sampling

71. Which of the following measures of central tendencies are the most reliable stable and best
measure, and most useful summary Statistics?
a. Mode
b. Median
c. Mean
d. Standard deviation

72. The correct sequences of steps in the research process is

I. Formulation of the hypothesis
II. Review related information
III. Analyze data
IV. Determine research design
V. Make conclusions and recommendations
a. II, I, III, V, IV
b. I, II, III, IV, V
c. I, III, II, IV, V
d. I, II, IV, III, V

73. The best method of data collection in studying the role of nurse in the improvement of a
health delivery through research is
a. Questionnaire
b. Snow-balling
c. Interview
d. Survey

74. Which of the following characteristics do not describe a scientific investigation?

a. Empirical data are gathered directly or indirectly through human senses
b. It is planned and conducted in a systematic and orderly manner
c. External factor which may influence the relationship among advance phenomena are not
necessarily controlled
d. It is conducted to test or develop theories and study knowledge
SITUATION: A group of students assigned in the ER witnessed a situation where in the resident
on duty cannot be located within the hospital premises in the presence of patients requiring
immediate medical services, resulting verbal abuse from patients or from their families.
In line with this situation, the student nurses decided to research on the processes experienced by
emergency room nurses in identifying and resolving ethical problems they encountered.

75. Which of the following sub problems can be included in this research study?
1. What is verbal abuse?
2. How do ER nurses describe and define ethical problems?
3. What are the ER nurses definition and understanding of ethics?
4. How do staff nurses manage or resolve these ethical problems?
a. 1,2,3
b. 1,2,4
c. 1,3,4
d. 2,3,4

76. The appropriate qualitative method that guided the study design is:
a. Phenomenological
b. Grounded theory
c. Critical social theory
d. Narrative inquiry

77. The sampling plan for this study will be:

a. Purposive
b. Snow ball
c. Systematic
d. Stratified

78. In this study the researcher used interview because of the following advantages:
1. Some topics can be pursued in depth
2. Misunderstandings can be minimized
3. Interpersonal relationship between subject and researcher is different for each interview
4.Greater flexibility is provided
a. 1,2,3
b. 1,2,4
c. 1,3,4
d. 2,3,4

SITUATION: A group of researchers would like to find out the students' perception of Integrated
Management of childhood Illness strategy in MCN in accredited and non-accredited Colleges of
Nursing in Manila. The participants of the study are the faculty and students of selected colleges
mentioned above.

79. The specific research design appropriate for the study is:
a. Descriptive exploratory
b. Descriptive comparative
c. Descriptive title
d. Descriptive evaluative

80. The sampling plan most appropriate for this study is:
a. Simple random sampling
b. Systematic sampling
c. Stratified random sampling
d. Cluster sampling

81. The instrument utilized in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire. Questionnaire was
selected because of the following advantages EXCEPT:
a. It is a simple method for obtaining data
b It is able to gather data from a widely scattered sample
c. It is the easiest tool to test for reliability and validity
d. It is time consuming and expensive

82. The sampling plan for a research study affects

a. Replicability
b. Interaction effects
c. Internal validity
d. External validity

83. The validity of the tool was judge by three experts. This is:
a. Content validity
b. Predictive validity
c. Construct validity
d. Criterion-related validity

84. The major criterion in assessing the adequacy of a sample in a quantitative study is the
degree to which it represents the characteristics of interests in the population. Each element in
the population has an equal chance of being selected in a quota sampling plan.
a. Both statements are True
b. Both statements are False
c. The first statement is True, the second statement is False.
d. The second statement is False, the second statement is True.
SITUATION: A group of level 4 students will conduct a study that aims to determine the
similarities / differences in the clinical performance of II student nurses under She Bachelor of
Science in Nursing (BSN) program and Associate in Health Sciences Education (AHSE) as
perceived by the faculty members of 4 selected college of nursing. The clinical performance of
the students in the following areas MS, MCN, CDN, CHN will be determined.

85. The most appropriate design for the said study is:
a. Descriptive – correlation
b. Evaluative survey
c. Descriptive – comparative
d. Classical Experiment

86. The respondents will be clinical instructors from 2 schools that offer the BSN program and 2
with AHSE program. After obtaining the sampling frame every 15th in the list of the faculty will
be taken as research subject. This sampling technique is referred to as:
a. Quota
b. Stratified
c. Simple random
d. Systematic

87. The instrument that may be appropriate in this study are:

1. Questionnaire
2. Rating scale
3. Semantic differential
4. Biophysical measure
a.1,2,3
b.1,2
c. 3,4
d. all of the above

88. Which among the following hypothesis is applicable in the study?

1. There is no relationship between the nursing program and the clinical performance of the
nursing students.
2. The nursing student in the BSN program will have better clinical performance in MS,
MCN, CDN, and CHN than the nursing students in the AHSE program.
3. There is no difference in the clinical performance in the MS, MCN, CDN, and CHN between
the students in the BSN program and the students in the AHSE program.
4.There is a difference in the school performance of the students in the 2 nursing programs
a. 2, 3
b. 1, 2
c. 2, 3, 4
d. none of them

89. Which is the dependent variable in the study?

a. Nursing program
b. Academic performance in MS, MCN, CDN, CHN
c. Grades
d. Clinical performance in MS, MCN, CDN, CHN

SITUATION: A group of researchers is intending to conduct this study

Title: Effectiveness of a New Relaxation and Biofeedback Intervention
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a new relaxation and biofeedback intervention on
menopause symptoms.
Methods: The researcher invited women who presented themselves in an outpatient clinic with
complaints of severe hot flashes to participate in the study. These 30 women were asked to
record, everyday for 1 week before their treatment, the frequency and duration of their hot
(lashes. During the intervention, which involved 6 1 hour sessions over 3 week period, the
woman again recorded their symptoms. Then, 4weeks after the treatment, the women were asked
to record their hot flashes over a 5 day period. At the end of the study, the researcher found that
both the frequency and average duration of hot flashes had significantly reduced in this sample
of women. The researcher concluded that the new treatment was an effective alternative to
estrogen replacement therapy in treating menopausal hot flashes.

90. A true experiment requires all of the following except:

a. Control
b. Manipulation
c. Double blind procedures
d. Randomization

91. This study is internally valid if:

a. All alternative explanations of results can be ruled out
b. Randomization is used
c. Experimental design was used
d. Casual relationship is used

92. What could be this design's equivalent should a descriptive design is used?
a. Retrospective study
b. Comparative study
c. Prospective study
d. Correlational study

Situation: Sylvia is attending a national convention in Manila; her professional license is to

expire in June. To meet the CPE requirement, she attended a one-day update session in research.
The speaker started to talk with a review of some basic fundamentals information on research.

93. In identifying a research problem, a nurse must keep in mind the criteria of the
researchability of a problem. Which one ts NOT considered a good criterion?
a. Is it new?
b. Are concepts observable and measurable?
c. Are variables previously defined?
d. Are values and feeling individuals

94. The factor to be given least consideration in problem selection is:

a. Motivation of the researcher
b. Time requirements
c. Working conditions
d. Risk involved

Situation: One of the terminal competencies desired of graduates of the BSN curriculum in the
development of positive attitudes towards research.

95. The main contribution of Research towards the improvement of the nursing profession is
which of the following?
a. Facilitate the development program
b. Assist the faculty in developing the nursing curriculum
c. Assist the faculty administrators in planning nursing staff requirements
d. Provide a theoretical/scientific basis for nursing care

96. If you are to budget the time allotment for a particular study, about 75-80% would be allotted
to?
a. Collating and analyzing
b. Writing the whole data
c. Survey of interview or actual observation in a laboratory or clinical setting to gather data
d. Identifying research problem, planning on the materials and research design to be used,
and the subject to be used in the study

97. Which of the following statements is NOT included in describing the limitations?
a. Instrument to be used in analyzing data
b. Limitation of trie research in terms of time and resources
c. Age, sex, religion of the subject or respondents
d. Knowledge of the researcher

98. Because of the time constraints and limited funds, limitations of research study is acceptable.
Which one is NOT a consideration in determining a research study?
a. Novelty of the problem
b. Age and sex of the respondents
c. Geographical location of levels students
d. Religion and educational attainment

99. Which of the following criterion is LEAST considered in determining whether or not a
problem is researchable?
a. Cost of investigation
b. Nationality of the researcher
c. Availability of a particular research instrument
d. Time factor

Situation: A survey of first year students in your school showed that about 40% do not eat
breakfast before coming to school.

100. You would like to find out the possible causes of this behaviour. Which is an appropriate
title of your research?
a. Health behaviour of first year nursing students related to regular breakfast
b. A survey of eating habits of first year nursing students
c. Health habits of first year nursing students related to nutrition
d. Health promotion practices of first year nursing students

Situation: Dianne May Dee, R.N., is conducting a research on her unit about the effects of
effective nurse-patient communication in decreasing anxiety of post operative patients.

1. Which of the following step in nursing research should she do next?

A. Review of related literature
B. Ask permission from the hospital administrator
C. Determine the research problem
D. Formulate ways on collecting the data

2. Before Dianne performs the formal research study, what do you call the pre testing, small
scale trial run to determine the effectiveness of data collection and methodological problem that
might be encountered?
A. Sampling
B. Pre-testing
C. Pre-Study
D. Pilot Study

3. On the study “effects of effective nurse-patient communication in decreasing anxiety of post

operative patients” What is the Independent variable?
A. Effective Nurse-patient communication
B. Communication
C. Decreasing Anxiety
D. Post operative patient

4. On the study “effects of effective nurse-patient communication in decreasing anxiety of post

operative patients” What is the Dependent variable?
A. Effective Nurse-patient communication
B. Communication
C. Anxiety level
D. Post operative patient

5. In the recent technological innovations, which of the following describe researches that are
made to improve and make human life easier?
A. Pure research
B. Basic research
C. Applied research
D. Experimental research

6. Which of the following is not true about a Pure Experimental research?

A. There is a control group
B. There is an experimental group
C. Selection of subjects in the control group is randomized
D. There is a careful selection of subjects in the experimental group

Situation – A nursing professor assigns a group of students to do data gathering by interviewing

their classmates as subjects.

7. She instructed the interviewees not to tell the interviewees that the data gathered are for her
own research project for publication. This teacher has violated the student’s right to:
A. Not be harmed
B. Disclosure
C. Privacy
D. Self-determination

8. Before the nurse researcher starts her study, she analyzes how much time, money, materials
and people she will need to complete the research project. This analysis prior to beginning the
study is called:
A. Validity
B. Feasibility
C. Reliability
D. Researchability

Situation: A survey of first year students in your school showed that about 40% do not eat
breakfast
before coming to school.

9. You would like to find out the possible causes of this behaviour. Which is an appropriate title
of your research?
a. Health behaviour of first year nursing students related to regular breakfast
b. A survey of eating habits of first year nursing students
c. Health habits of first year nursing students related to nutrition
d. Health promotion practices of first year nursing students

10. This is the most practical data collection instrument to use:

a. Interview
b. Checklist
c. Likert scale
d. Questionnaire

11. The most appropriate research design for the study is:
a. Descriptive
b. Retrospective
c. Ex post facto
d. Quasi-experimental

12. If you decide to study the relationship of eating breakfast and performance in class, in which
would be the independent variable?
a. Student's characteristics
b. Performance in class
c. Meal patterns
d. Eating breakfast

13. The most appropriate statement of your hypothesis is:

a. There is a positive correlation between eating habits and class performance
b. There is a relationship between eating breakfast and performance in class
c. Performance in class is more likely to be affected when eating breakfast
d. Performance in dass is associated with eating breakfast

Situation: One of the terminal competencies desired of graduates of the BSN curriculum in the
development of positive attitudes towards research.
14. The main contribution of Research towards the improvement of the nursing profession is
which of the following?
a. Facilitate the development program
b. Assist the faculty in developing the nursing curriculum
c. Assist the faculty administrators in planning nursing staff requirements
d. Provide a theoretical/scientific basis for nursing care

15. If you are to budget the time allotment for a particular study, about 75-80% would be allotted
to?
a. Collating and analyzing
b. Writing the whole data
c. Survey of interview or actual observation in a laboratory or clinical setting to gather data
d. Identifying research problem, planning on the materials and research design to be used,
and the subject to be used in the study

16. Which of the following statements is NOT included in describing the limitations?
a. Instrument to be used in analyzing data
b. Limitation of the research in terms of time and resources
c. Age, sex, religion of the subject or respondents
d. Knowledge of the researcher

17. Because of the time constraints and limited funds, limitations of research study is acceptable.
Which one is NOT a consideration in determining a research study?
a. Novelty of the problem
b. Age and sex of the respondents
c. Geographical location of levels students
d. Religion and educational attainment

18. Which of the following criterion is LEAST considered in determining whether or not a
problem is researchable?
a. Cost of investigation
b. Nationality of the researcher
c. Availability of a particular research instrument
d. Time factor
Situation: Sylvia is attending a national convention in Manila; her professional license is to
expire in June. To meet the CPE requirement, she attended a one-day update session in research.
The speaker started to talk with a review of some basic fundamentals information on research.

19. In identifying a research problem, a nurse must keep in mind the criteria of the
researchability of a problem. Which one ts NOT considered a good criterion?
a. Is it new?
b. Are concepts observable and measurable?
c. Are variables previously defined?
d. Are values and feeling individuals

20. The factor to be given least consideration in problem selection is:

a. Motivation of the researcher
b. Time requirements
c. Working conditions
d. Risk involved

Situation: The role of a community health nurse which is important in the improvement of health
delivery is research.

21. A community health nurse conducts a study on the Role of a Nurse in primary health care.
What research design is appropriate to use in this study?
a. Quasi-experiment
b. Exploratory
c. Descriptive
d. Experimental

22. If the target population of your study is limited only to families with low income, what
happens to those who are at present with higher income due to job promotion?
a. continue to include them in the study
b. limit to low income families
c. consider them extraneous variable
d. determine adequacy of target population

23. The best method of data collection in your study, the role of the nurse in primary health care
is:
a. questionnaire
b. snow balling
c. interview
d. Survey

24. The statistical tool which measures central tendencies, mode, median, mean is called one of
the following:
a. Descriptive
b. Probable
c. Ordinal
d. Nominal
25. Independent variables in a socio-demographic study would include personal data of the
subjects. Which of the following is NOT an independent variable in such studies?
a. Marital status
b. Educational level
c. Informal Consent
d. Age

SITUATION: After completing 8 weeks of orientation, Ms. Tecson was fortunate to be included
as participant in the first Research seminar-workshop of the Department of Nursing. A review of
the following important research concepts was made.

26. As a professional, a nurse can do research for varied reasons except:

a. Professional adjustment through research participation
b. To validate results of new nursing modalities
c. For financial gains
d. Mainly for competition

27. Each nurse was asked to state a problem. Prior to the statement of the research problem,
which of the following should be done?
a. Methodology
b. Acknowledgement
c. Review of literature and delineating the population
d. Table of contents

28. Predictions of the outcome of the research are stated as:

a. Methodology
b. Samples
c. Hypothesis
d. Chi square

29. Which of the following communicate the results of the research to the reader. They facilitate
the description of the data:
a. Hypothesis
b. Mean
c. Standard deviation
d. Tables and Graphs

30. In experimental research, the Hawthorne effect is one of the threats to the internal validity of
the study. This refers to one of the following situations:
a. The group under observation knows that is being given special treatment
b. Subject fare belter in a repealed examination with the same content
c. .Researchers are familiar with the group under study and gives clues during interview.
d. Volunteers who have personal interest at stake are assigned to the group under study

31. The key element of the informed consent which should be obtained from participation in the
research are all of the following, except:
a. The purpose of the study
b. The maintenance of confidentiality and anonymity
c. The risk related to the participants
d. The language and format used in the study

32. An understanding of the usefulness of scientific findings is an essential factor to be

considered for quality nursing practice. You decided to do a review of related literature. The
most important reason to be considered is:
a. Get ideas on the interpretation of findings
b. Decide on the research design
c. Formulate conceptual framework of the study
d. Improve your library skill

SITUATION: A group of level 4 students will conduct a study that aims to determine the
similarities / differences in the clinical performance of II student nurses under She Bachelor of
Science in Nursing (BSN) program and Associate in Health Sciences Education (AHSE) as
perceived by the faculty members of 4 selected college of nursing. The clinical performance of
the students in the following areas MS, MCN, CDN, CHN will be determined.

33. The most appropriate design for the said study is:
a. Descriptive – correlation
b. Evaluative survey
* c. Descriptive – comparative
d. Classical Experiment

34. The respondents will be clinical instructors from 2 schools that offer the BSN program and 2
with AHSE program. After obtaining the sampling frame every 15th in the list of the faculty will
be taken as research subject. This sampling technique is referred to as:
a. Quota
b. Stratified
c. Simple random
d. Systematic

35. The instrument that may be appropriate in this study are:

1. Questionnaire
2. Rating scale
3. Semantic differential
4. Biophysical measure
a.1,2,3
b.1,2
c. 3,4
d. all of the above

36. Which among the following hypothesis is applicable in the study?

1. There is no relationship between the nursing program and the clinical performance of the
nursing students.
2. The nursing student in the BSN program will have better clinical performance in MS,
MCN, CDN, and CHN than the nursing students in the AHSE program.
3. There is no difference in the clinical performance in the MS, MCN, CDN, and CHN between
the students in the BSN program and the students in the AHSE program.
4.There is a difference in the school performance of the students in the 2 nursing programs
a. 2, 3
b. 1, 2
c. 2, 3, 4
d. none of them

37. Which is the dependent variable in the study?

a. Nursing program
b. Academic performance in MS, MCN, CDN, CHN
c. Grades
d. Clinical performance in MS, MCN, CDN, CHN

SITUATION: A group of students assigned in the ER witnessed a situation where in the resident
on duty cannot be located within the hospital premises in the presence of patients requiring
immediate medical services, resulting verbal abuse from patients or from their families.
In line with this situation, the student nurses decided to research on the processes experienced by
emergency room nurses in identifying and resolving ethical problems they encountered.

38. Which of the following sub problems can be included in this research study?
1. What is verbal abuse?
2. How do ER nurses describe and define ethical problems?
3. What are the ER nurses definition and understanding of ethics?
4. How do staff nurses manage or resolve these ethical problems?
a. 1,2,3
b. 1,2,4
c. 1,3,4
d. 2,3,4

39. In this study the researcher used interview because of the following advantages:
1. Some topics can be pursued in depth
2. Misunderstandings can be minimized
3. Interpersonal relationship between subject and researcher is different for each interview
4.Greater flexibility is provided
a. 1,2,3
b. 1,2,4
c. 1,3,4
d. 2,3,4

40. In a study, one hypothesis that has been formulated is “Compliance to home care regimen is
greater among patients who received the structured discharge plan than those who received
verbal discharge instructions.’ Which is the independent variable in this study?
A. Structured discharge plan
B. Compliance to home care regimen
C. Post-open heart surgery patients
D. Greater compliance

41. One knows that a good research problem exhibits the following characteristics; which one is
NOT included?
A. Clearly identified the variables/phenomenon under consideration.
B. Specifies the population being studied.
C. Implies the feasibility of empirical testing
D. Indicates the hypothesis to be tested.

42. The dependent variable in the hypothesis “Duration of sleep of cuddled infants is longer than
those infants who are not cuddled by mothers” is
A. Cuddled infants
B. Duration of sleep
C. Infants
D. Absence of cuddling

Situation: Aretha is a nurse researcher in a tertiary hospital. She is tasked to conduct a research
on the effects of structured discharge plan for post-open heart surgery patients.

43. She states the significance of the research problem. Which of the following statements is the
MOST significant for this study?
A. Improvement in patient care
B. Development of a theoretical basis for nursing
C. Increase the accountability of nurses.
D. Improves the image of nursing

SITUATION: Miss Paloc's justification to change the modality of nursing care in her ward is her
study of Patients Satisfaction of primary Nursing in the surgical ward of the lCU in a hospital.
The study involved a comparison between two groups: The patients on Current Modality of care.
The study asked:
1. Are patients with primary nurses more satisfied with their nursing than those on
the current modalitv
2. Is the relationship between the satisfaction of patient with primary nurses and that of the
patient in the current modality care is significant.
The Hypothesis:
1. Patients who have a primary nurse assigned to them are satisfied with their nursing care than
those in the current modality of care.
2. The relationship between the satisfaction of patient with primary nurse and that of
the patient in the current modality care is significant.

44. Miss Paloc's study is:

a. Historical
b. Comparative
c. A case study
d. Evaluative

45. The problems stated in question is more advantageous for its:

a. Directness
b. Directness and simplicity
c. Simplicity
d. Ease of data collection

46. In hypothesis no. 1 the independent variable is:

a. Satisfaction of nursing care
b. Current modality of care
c. Patients
d. Assignment of primary nurse

47. The dependent variable is identified as:

a. Patients
b. Current modality of care
c. Assignment of primary nurses
d. Satisfaction of nursing care
48. When the information gathered has been organized and examined through statistical
procedures, Miss Paloc is ready to:
a. Analyze the data
b. Summarize the study
c. Finalize a copy of the study
d. Interpret the results

49. The formulation of a strategy to answer research questions and control research locale is
described in the:
a. Trial run
b. Data analysis
c. Research design
d. Theoretical framework

50. The work of Manthy and Marram on Primary Nursing and that of Leininger on Care and
Caring could provide the study is:
a. Conceptual framework
b. Data collection model
c. Implication model
d. Theoretical framework

II. Essay (50pts.)

Based on Ms. Paloc’s study at the situation illustrated above, create a possible conceptual framework for
her study. Make sure to identify the Independent, Dependent and Intervening variables that you
propose to study. Also show the relationships of all the variables.

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