* Mixed, proper and improper * Relationship between 2 or more like * Part of a whole quantities/units * A:B, A is to B (A and B are called the terms of KINDS OF FRACTION the ratio) 1. Mixed Fraction – integer and a fraction; ex. 1 * Can be expressed as fraction (A:B = A/B) and ½ or -1 and ½ Rate 2. Proper Fraction – numerator < denominator; * A ratio with different quantities/units ex. ½ 3. Improper Fraction – numerator > Proportion denominator; ex. 7/2 * Equality of two ratios * A:B = C:D can be written as A/B = C/D where DECIMAL NUMBERS B and C are the means and A and D are the * Numbers whose whole number are fraction extremes part is separated by a point * Product of the means is equal to the product * The number after the decimal point is always of the extremes less than one TYPES OF PROPORTIONS TYPES OF DECIMAL NUMBERS 1. Direct Proportion – a variable y is said to be 1. Terminating Decimal Numbers – has directly proportional to a variable x if y=kx; limit/exact; ex. ½ = 1.5 where k is not equal to 0. 2. Non-terminating Decimal Number – no limits 2. Inverse/Indirect Proportion – a variable y is a. Repeating decimal numbers – 1/3 = said to be inversely proportional to a variable x 0.333333333333… if y=k/x; where k is not equal to 0. b. Nonrepeating Decimal Number – 𝜋 = 3. Partitive Proportion – partition of a whole into 3.141592654 more than two parts based on given ratios.
ROUNDING OFF NUMBERS BUYING AND SELLING
12,547.293278 Round Off Round Up Mark-on – difference between the selling price Tenths 12,547.3 12,547.3 and the cost of an item. Hundreds 12,500 12,647 Selling price – amount at which the product is Hundredths 12,547.29 12,547.3 to be sold. Thousands 13,000 13,000 Cost – actual price that the product was bought from a manufacturer or wholesaler. PERCENTS Markup – increase in the original selling price. *% Mark Down – reduction in the original price. * Numbers referring to a part of hundred DISCOUNT APPLICATION OF FRACTIONS, DECIMALS AND * Amount deducted from the selling price os a PERCENTAGES product or service Definition of Terms: * Difference with mark-on: kapag may Base (B) – total number of entities/objects in a discount, hindi dapat bababa sa cost (greater population then cost) you still have profit Rate (r) – percentage or fraction of entities/objects in a population TYPES OF DISCOUNT Part (p) – actual number of entities/objects 1. Trade Discount – discount offered by a exhibit the same characteristics manufacturer or wholesaler to encourage. Applied on the list price or price tag. 2. Cash Discount – it is a cash discount to persuade customers to pay in cash immediately or within a specific time. Applied on the net price.
* Net Price – the value at which a product or a
service is sold after all taxes and other costs are added and all discounts subtracted. * List Price – the list price is the price that buyers pay for your product or service without any discount. * Supply chain – the movement of materials as they flow from their source to the customer. Manufacturer – Distributors – Wholesaler – Retailer – Consumer