Name:​ Shreyansh Vats 

Roll Number:​ 17ME10077 

Group:​ F1 
Date:​ 14/09/2019 

Experiment 2 
TORSION TESTING 
Aim of the experiment:  
To perform the torsion test and to measure the following material properties 
to compare with the data obtained directly from the torsion testing machine: 
 
1. Modulus of rigidity (From Curve) 

2. Yield Angle 

3. Yield Torque 

4. Peak Angle 

5. Peak Torque 
 

Apparatus required: 
(a) 225N-m torsion testing machine 

(b) Vernier calliper  

(c) Scale 
 

Theory: 
Generally, torsion occurs when the twisting moment or torque is applied to a 
member according to figure 1. The torque is the product of tangential force 
multiplied by the radial distance from the twisting axis and the tangent, 
measured in a unit of N.m. In torsion testing, the relationship between torque 
and degree of rotation is graphically presented and parameters such as 
ultimate torsional shearing strength (modulus of rupture), shear strength at 
the proportional limit and shear modulus (modulus of rigidity) are generally 
investigated. 
Considering a cylindrical bar with one end being twisted as shown in figure 6, 
the twisting moment MT is resisted by the shear stress τ existing across the 
specimen section. This shear stress is zero at the centre of the bar, increases 
linearly with its radius and finally reaches its maximum value at the 
peripheral of the bar. If the cylindrical bar with a length of L, the twisting 
moment can be related to the shear stress as follow. 

T/J=Gθ/L; Shear stress(τ) = rGθ/L; 

Where, 

τ​, Shearing stress in MPa 

r​, Radius of the shaft in mm. 

T​, Twisting moment. 

J​, Polar moment of inertia. 

G​, Modulus of rigidity. 

θ​ Angle of twist. 

L​, Length of the specimen / Shaft 

Since, for a cylindrical specimen​ Shear stress(τ) = rT/J and J= 

πD^4/32.​Therefore, if the torque and the degree of rotation are known 
according to the experimental result, the shear stress and the shear strain 
can be determined. The obtained information is then used for the 
construction of the graphical relationship between the modular shear stress 
(16T /aD​3​ ) and the shear strain (θr/L). The curve is somewhat similar to those 
typical stress-strain curves tested under tension, giving elastic and plastic 
ranges with respect to torsional stress applied. The plastic stress obtained 
from the shear stress-shear strain curve is, therefore, larger than the real 
stress. Furthermore, in the case that there is a large amount of plastic 
deformation involved, the length of the specimen is considerably changed, 
which can result in the superposition of the longitudinal stresses on the 
torsional shear stresses. 

 
 
 
Procedure: 
In order to study the response of materials under a torsional force, the torsion 
test is performed by mounting the specimen onto a torsion testing machine 
and then applying the twisting moment till failure. The torque and degree of 
rotation are measured. It can be seen that higher torsional force is required at 
the higher degrees of rotation. Normally, the test specimens used are of a 
cylindrical rod type since the stress distribution across the section of the rod 
is the simplest geometry, which is easy for the calculation of the stresses. 
Both ends of the cylindrical specimen are tightened to hexagonal sockets in 
which one is fitted to a torque shaft and another is fitted to an input shaft. 
The twisting moment is applied by turning the input handwheel to produce 
torque until the specimen fails. 

When the twisting moment is applied, the torque is reacted by a torque 

shaft, which moves in relation to the deflection arm. The movement of the 
deflection arm is measured by a linear potentiometer, which is connected to 
a calibrated TQ digital torque meter to give a readout of the torque in a unit 
of Nm. 

Images of the specimen before and after the experiment 

 
 
Graphs: 
​A. Elastic region of Torque(Nm) vs angular deformation (deg)  

 
 B. ​Torque(N-m) vs Angular deformation(deg) 

 
 
 
Observation table: 
 
Material Properties From Machine From Curve

Modulus Of rigidity ​25.2518 GPa ​26.793 GPa

Peak torque ​69.1400 N-m ​69 N-m

Peak Angle ​304.5740 deg ​305 deg

Yield torque ​13.7700 N-m ​14 N-m

Yield angle ​3.6336 deg ​4 deg

Energy ​- ​332.31 J

Ultimate shear stress - 687.748MPa

   
 
Conclusion: 
1. The Torsion specimen deformed elastically and then plastically is 
similar to the case of tension tested specimen. The initial stage of 
elastic behavior shows a linear relationship of torque and degree of 
rotation. 
 
2. It was observed that the fracture of the specimen took place at nearly 
full rotation due to high ductility and less carbon content. 
 
3. It was observed that the graph of Torque vs Angular Deformation 
followed the same trend as the stress-strain curve in tensile testing 
 proving the fact that shear modulus specimen and modulus of 
elasticity are inter-related.