Table 29-5 Joints of Frames

Special Moment Frames Intermediate and Ordinary CIP Moment Frames

Beam longitudinal reinforcement terminated in a column No similar requirement.

Longitudinal Beam Reinforcement

shall be extended to the far face of the confined column

core and anchored in tension according to 21.7.5 and in
compression according to Chapter 12.

21.7.2.2

Where longitudinal beam reinforcement extends through No similar requirements.

a joint, the column dimension parallel to the beam rein-
forcement shall not be less than 20 times the diameter
of the largest longitudinal bar for normal weight con-
crete. For lightweight aggregate concrete, this dimen-
sion shall be not less than 26 times the bar diameter.

21.7.2.3

The transverse reinforcement required for column ends

21.6.4.4(a) or 21.6.4.4(b), and 21.6.4.2, 21.6.4.3, and No similar requirements.
21.6.4.7 shall be provided within the joint, unless the
joint is confined by structural members as specified in
21.7.3.2. If members frame into all four sides of the joint
Transverse Reinforcement

and the member width at the column face is at least 3/4

the column width, the transverse reinforcement can be
reduced to 50% of the requirements of 21.6.4.4(a) or
21.6.4.4(b).The spacing required in 21.6.4.3 shall not
exceed 6 in. within the overall depth h of the shallowest
framing member.

Longitudinal beam reinforcement outside of the column

core shall be confined by transverse reinforcement
passing through the column that satisfies 21.5.3.2,
21.5.3.3, and 21.5.3.6, if such confinement is not pro-
vided by a beam framing into the joint.

21.7.3

fc′ = specified compressive strength of concrete

fy = specified yield strength of reinforcement

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 Table 29-5 Joints of Frames (cont’d)

Special Moment Frames Intermediate and Ordinary CIP Moment Frames

The nominal shear strength of the joint shall not exceed
the forces specified below for normal-weight aggregate
concrete.
For joints confined on all four faces ............... 20 f′c A j
For joints confined on three faces
or on two opposite faces................................. 15 fc′ A j
Although it is not required, it may be prudent to check
the shear strength of the joint in intermediate moment
frames. The force in the longitudinal beam reinforce-
ment may be taken as 1.0fy rather than the 1.25fy
required for special moment frames.

For other joints:............................................... 12 fc′ A j

where:
Aj = effective cross-sectional area within a joint comput-
ed from joint depth times effective joint width. The
joint depth shall be the overall depth of the column.
Effective joint width shall be the overall width of the
column, except where a beam frames into a wider
column, effective joint width shall not exceed the
smaller of:
Shear Strength

(a) Beam width plus the joint depth

(b) Twice the smaller perpendicular distance from
the longitudinal axis of the beam to the column
side.

A joint is considered to be confined if confining members

frame into all faces of the joint. A member that frames
into a face is considered to provide confinement at the
joint if at least 3/4 of the face of the joint is covered by
the framing member.
21.7.4

In determining shear forces in the joints, forces in the No similar requirement.

longitudinal beam reinforcement at the joint face shall
be calculated by assuming that the stress in the flexural
tensile reinforcement is 1.25fy.

21.7.2.1

For lightweight aggregate concrete, the nominal shear No similar requirement.

strength of the joint shall not exceed 3/4 of the limits
given in 21.7.4.1.
21.7.4.2

29-31
 Table 29-6 Structural Walls

Special Reinforced Concrete Structural Wall Ordinary Reinforced Concrete Structural Wall

The distributed web reinforcement ratios ρl and ρt Minimum vertical

shall not be less than 0.0025. If the design shear
force Vu ≤ A λ f ′ , provide minimum reinforce-
cv c
ment per 14.3.
reinforcement ratio = 0.0012 for No. 5 bars or smaller
= 0.0015 for No. 6 bars or larger
Minimum horizontal
reinforcement ratio = 0.0020 for No. 5 bars or smaller
= 0.0025 for No. 6 bars or larger

21.9.2.1 14.3

At least two curtains of reinforcement shall be used Walls more than 10 in. thick require two curtains of rein-
forcement (except basement walls).
Reinforcement

in a wall if the in-plane factored shear force (Vu )

assigned to the wall exceeds 2 Acv λ fc′ .
21.9.2.2 14.3.4

Reinforcement spacing each way shall not exceed Reinforcement spacing shall not exceed:
18 in.
3  wall thickness
18 in.
21.9.2.1 14.3.5

Reinforcement in structural walls shall be devel- The development lengths, spacing, and anchorage of rein-
oped or spliced for fy in tension in accordance with forcement shall be as per Chapters 12, 14, and 15.
Chapter 12, except:
(a) The effective depth shall be permitted to be
0.8 lw for walls.
(b) The requirements of 12.11, 12.12 and 12.13
need not apply.
(c) At locations where yielding of longitudinal
reinforcement may occur as a result of lateral
displacements, development lengths of such
reinforcement must be 1.25 times the values
calculated for fy in tension.
(d) Mechanical and welded splices of reinforcement
must conform to 21.1.6 and 21.1.7, respectively.
21.9.2.3
— continued on next page —
Acv = gross area of concrete section bounded by web thickness and length of section in the direction of shear force considered
Acw = area of concrete section of an individual pier
Ag = gross area of section
bw = width of web
d = effective depth of section
f'c = specified compressive strength of concrete

fyh = specified yield strength of transverse reinforcement

h = overall thickness of member
hw = height of entire wall or segment of wall considered
lw = length of entire wall or segment of wall in direction of shear force
s = center-to-center spacing of transverse reinforcement
ρt = ratio of area of distributed transverse reinforcement to gross concrete area perpendicular to that reinforcement
ρl = ratio of area of distributed longitudinal reinforcement to gross concrete area perpendicular to that reinforcement

29-40
 Table 29-6 Structural Walls (cont’d)

Special Reinforced Concrete Structural Wall Ordinary Reinforced Concrete Structural Wall

The nominal shear strength (Vn) for structural walls shall The nominal shear strength (Vn) for walls can be
not exceed: calculated using the following methods:
N d
V c = 3.3λ fc′ hd + u
(
V n = Acv α c λ fc′ + ρt fy ) 4lw
or

where αc is 3.0 for hw/lw ≤ 1.5, is 2.0 for hw/lw ≥ 2.0, and ⎡⎡ ⎛⎛ NN ⎞⎤
uu ⎞⎤
⎢⎢ lwl ⎜ 1.25λ
1.25λ fc′f ′+ +0.2
0.2 ⎟ ⎥⎟ ⎥
varies linearly between 3.0 and 2.0 for hw/lw between 1.5 ⎢⎢ w⎝ ⎜ c lwl h h
⎠⎥⎥
V c =⎢0.6λ f′ + ⎝ w ⎠ hd
and 2.0. ⎢0.6λ c fc′ + MM ⎥ ⎥ hd
⎢⎢ u u l wl ⎥⎥
−− w
⎢⎢ VuV 22 ⎥⎥
⎣⎣ u ⎦⎦
Mu lw
where − ≥0
21.9.4.1 Vu 2
Av fy d
Vs =
s
Vn = Vc + Vs

11.9

Walls shall have distributed shear reinforcement providing Ratio (ρt) of horizontal shear reinforcement area to
resistance in two orthogonal directions in the plane of the gross concrete area of vertical section shall not be
less than 0.0025.
wall. If the ratio (hw/lw) does not exceed 2.0, reinforce-
11.9.9.2
ment ratio (ρl) shall not be less than reinforcement ratio
Spacing of horizontal shear reinforcement shall not
(ρt).
Shear Strength

exceed the smallest of lw/5, 3h, and 18 in.

21.9.4.3 11.9.9.3
The minimum vertical reinforcement ratio (ρl) is a
function of (hw/lw) and of the horizontal reinforce-
ment as shown below:
⎛ h ⎞
(
ρn = 0.0025 + 0.5 ⎜ 2.5 − w ⎟ ρt − 0.0025 ≥ 0.0025
⎝ lw ⎠
)
Also, the vertical shear reinforcement ratio need not
exceed the required horizontal shear reinforcement
ratio.
11.9.9.4
Spacing of vertical shear reinforcement shall not
exceed the smallest of lw /3, 3h, and 18 in.
11.9.9.5

No similar requirement.
Nominal shear strength of all wall piers sharing a common
lateral force shall not be assumed to exceed 8A cw fc′,
and the nominal shear strength of any one of the individu-
al wall piers shall not be assumed to exceed 10A cw fc′ .
21.9.4.4
Nominal shear strength of horizontal wall segments This limitation also exists for ordinary walls, except
and coupling beams shall not be assumed to exceed Acw is replaced by hd where d may be taken equal
to 0.8lw.
10A cw fc′ .

21.9.4.5 11.9.3

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 h = slab thickness

1/2 Middle strip

All reinforcement necessary

Column to resist Mslab to be placed in
strip c2a c2a + 3h
column strip

1/2 Middle strip

⎧ • reinforcement necessary to resist γfMslab

As ≥ ⎨
⎩ • 1/2 of reinforcement in column strip
Note: applies to both top and bottom reinforcement

Figure 29-1 Location of Reinforcement in Two-way Slabs without Beams

A s (continuous ) ≥
1
4
[
( As )l or ( As )r ]
( As )l ( As )r

As′ (continuous ) ≥
1
3
[
( As )l or ( As )r ]
( As )l and As′
to be fully developed
(a) Column Strip

( As ) l and A′s
to be fully developed
( As )l ( As )r

(A′s )m
1
A s′ (continuous ) ≥ ( A′s )m
2
(b) Middle Strip

Figure 29-2 Details of Reinforcement in Two-way Slabs without Beams

29-15