Outline

Indeterminate Beams
• Motivation for dealing with
(Flexibility Approach) indeterminate structures
Structural Analysis • Introduction to general analysis types
Bryant G. Nielson, PhD, SE • Procedure for solution (flexibility)
– Compatibility concept
• SI 1⁰ examples
• Betti’s Law – reciprocal displacements
• Example with more than SI 1⁰

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Indeterminate Structures Indeterminate Structures

Typically more efficient than determinate Tend to redistribute load
structures. – Redundancy
– Smaller deflections – Increased stability
– Smaller internal forces (stresses)

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 Analysis Types Analysis Types
All structures must satisfy: 1. Flexibility (Force) Method
– Equations of equilibrium – Write compatibility and F-D equations to
– Compatibility ______________________ determine unknown redundant forces.
– Force-deformation relations (i.e. material Redundant force is any additional force
behavior) which exists beyond what is needed for
stability (i.e. degree of indeterminacy)
2. Stiffness (Displacement) Methods
– Write F-D relationships in conjunction with
equilibrium equations to find unknown
displacements

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Illustration - Example Illustration - Example

Find all
reactions for
the given beam

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 Illustration - Example Compatibility Equation
Let ____ be the deflection at B due to a
_______ load at B.

'B = displacement due to actual load

fBB = displacement due to unit load

Then use equations of equilibrium to solve

for the remaining reactions.

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Displacement Calcs Displacement Calcs

• Need to solve for displacement on the • Need to solve for displacement on the
PRIMARY structure ('B). FLEXIBILITY structure ((fBB)).

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 Finish Example Procedure - Flexibility
1. Identify degree of statical determinacy (n)
2. Identify and remove the n unknown
redundant forces/moments
3. Construct PRIMARY structure with the
actual loads (and redundants removed).
4. Draw deflected shape and identify
displacement/rotation at point of each
redundant force/moment.
5. Construct REDUNDANT structure with no
other loads than the redundant force
(sketch – deflected shape)
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Procedure - Flexibility Example 2

6. Write compatibility equation for each point
of redundant force.
7. Determine deflections and flexibility
coefficients (e.g. fBB, 'B) using virtual work,
beam charts or any other method.
8. Substitute into compatibility equations and
solve for redundant forces/moments.
9. Use equations of equilibrium to solve for
remaining reactions.

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