Design and Integration of Peripheral devices to a Computer System

8.1 Case Study : Design and integrate various peripherals devices as a case study for
the office, keeping in mind the various hardware and software.

Requirement

Office Automation: In office there are several works to be done such as letter typing,
teachers and students records, student’s fee records and salaries of teachers, clerks and
other employee working in the college. For letter typing works we need software such as
MS-WORD, for fees and salaries records we use the software MS-EXCEL and for
making the result of the students and for maintaining students library records we use the
software MS-ACCESS and all of these software are under MS-OFFICE.

Hardware and Software Requirements

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
1. MS-OFFICE
a. MS-WORD
b. MS-EXCEL
c. MS-POWERPOINT
d. MS-ACCESS

 MS-OFFICE: We use the MS-ACCESS software in college computer systems

for maintain and making the result of the students and it is also used for
maintaining library records of the college.

 MS-WORD: This software is used in college’s office computer for all work of
typing, like letters or other documents that are used in office.

 MS-EXCEL: We use MS-EXCEL software for doing all accounts work, this
software is used for making the salaries records of teacher and fee records of
students and other employee records also.

 MS-POWERPOINT: This software is used for doing presentation work.

 OPERATING SYSTEM: Windows XP.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: The hardware devices which we use for college

computer system are given below:

1. Processor: Processor 486 is sued for the office computer system. It is enough
for the office work.
2. RAM: RAM is a Random Access Memory. RAM is primary storage device
which is used to store data temporary. RAM is used to load software on
computer for office computer system we use 1GB RAM.
 3. HARD-DISK
4. MOTHERBOARD.
5. Display Card
6. Network Cards
7. Network Cables
8. Hub
9. Switches
10. Routers
11. Printers
12. CD-ROM
13. CD-Writer

Cost / Performance Analysis

Designing of system

1. Production Department.
2. Personal Department.
3. Accounts Department
4. EDP Department (Electronics data processing department).

Computerized System
1. Hardware Cost
Peripherals like
i. Hard Disk.
ii. Printer
iii. Plotters
iv. Keyboard
v. Monitor etc

2. Personal Cost: Salary given to the staff members, bonus given to the staff
members. This cost is used as a personal cost.
3. Facilities Cost: Generally used for development of computer centers for
lightening, flooring etc.
4. Operating Cost: It is the cost which is included in day to day work. This is
used for floppies, paper of printer, ribbons, maintenance of system.
5. Supply Cost: same as operating cost.

While designing a system in a company a computerized system involves a number of

costs. These costs include

1. Hardware Cost: This cost include the actual purchase or rent of the computer
system and peripherals like floppy disk, plotters, monitor etc. When the
computer system is shared by number of user just like in multi-user
requirement. It is difficult to determine such cost, then a stand alone machine.
 2. Personal Cost: It includes the salaries of EDP staff members, and benefits
like health insurance, bonus, incentives and vacations given to the staff. This
personal cost also includes the cost paid to the person which was present
during the development of the system. It means that this cost includes the
software development cost and it is one time cost.
3. Facilities Cost: These are the costs which have been spend for preparations of
physical sight where the application are to be performed. These costs include
the cost of flooring, wiring, lighting, and air conditioning. These costs are
generally referred as one time cost and are taken in account of the total
estimated cost of the system.
4. Operational Cost: This cost includes all the cost which is associated with day
to day operation of the systems and it depends upon the number of persons
working at a time and the number of shifts working in the computer centre.
This cost depends upon the type of application and the capacity of the staff to
do the work in a specified time period. We can cover these costs in various
ways depending upon the application views.
5. Supply Cost: The supply cost is the available cost. This cost increases with
the increased use of computer system. This cost includes the cost of
accessories like ribbons, papers, disk and magnetic tapes. This cost should be
accurately estimated and included in the overall cost of the system. Whenever
a system is designed it’s the human nature that the system must provide
benefits to the user. The benefits may be direct or indirect, tangible or
intangible, fixed or variable, but the most important benefits expectable from
the system are including the performance and minimize the cost of working.
The performance effect include the way with which information can be access
easily and provides accurate results minimizing cost means to get the output
by reducing the error in output.

STEPS IN THE COST PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

1. Selection of cost and benefit with respect to a project.

2. Dividing the cost and benefits for analysis.
3. Method to analyze.
4. Interpreting the result of analysis.
5. Take the action.

1. Identify the cost and benefits: There are certain cost and benefits which can
be easily identified then other cost and benefits. Direct costs such cost of
hardware which can be easily identified and can be obtained from the company’s
invoice and bill and may be obtained from the voucher. The direct benefits delay
to the direct cost but there are another cost and benefits which cannot be
identified. Such costs are known as Operating Costs and Benefits are known as
Operating Benefits. These are not shown in account of company and hence cannot
be easily identified.
2. Classification of Costs and Benefits: It is an important step while
performing the cost / benefits analysis. The cost or benefits can be identified
as direct or indirect, tangible or intangible and fixed or variable costs or
benefits.
3. Tangible or Intangible Cost and Benefits: Tangible costs refer to the cost
which can be measured easily. Generally in case of tangible cost there is out
flow of cash that is cash is directly involved for a specific item or activity. The
tangible cost is generally the cost which is involved by purchasing the
hardware training of personal and employee salary. On the other hand, the
costs whose financial value cannot be measured are known as Intangible Cost.
This cost includes the moral of human beings affected due to implementation
of new computerized system. Benefits are also classified as tangible and
intangible. Like cost these benefits are difficult to specify accurately by
analyzing both tangible and intangible costs and benefits should be considered
in the evaluation process.
4. Direct or Indirect Costs and Benefits: Direct cost is those cost in which the
rupee value is directly involved in the project. These costs are directly applied
to the operation of project. For example, the purchase of various hardware and
accessories involved during the development and operations of the project.
The direct benefits are also projected in the project. For example, saving of
time after developing the new computerized system. Indirect costs are the
results of operations which are not directly associated with given activity or
system. These generally referred as the overhead of system like maintenance
production and insurance of the system. On the other hand, the indirect
benefits are the result of byproduct of an activity performed in the system.
5. Fixed or Variable Cost: These are generally known as SUNK cost and this
don’t change once the system is developed. On the other hand, the variable
cost is those cost which change on regular basis and these are proportional to
the volume of work and continue as long as the system is in operation. Fixed
benefits are also constant and these don’t change. On the other hand, the
variable benefits are realized on the regular basis that is monthly or weekly.
6. Selecting the Evaluation Method: When all the financial data is identified
and is broken into the various types of costs then it is evaluated into using a
number of methods. There are number of methods available on the basis of
financial constrain. The common methods are:
a. NET BENEFIT analysis.
b. PRESENT VALUE analysis.
c. NET PRESENT VALUE analysis.
d. PAY BACK analysis.
e. BREAK EVEN POINT analysis.
f. CASH FLOW analysis.
7. Interpreting the result of analysis and taking the action. Once the evaluation of
the project is complete, the actual result is compared against the standard. The
decision to adopt an alternative system is highly subjective and depends upon
the user confidence in the estimated cost and benefits value and the magnitude
of the investment.
Questions

1) What are the steps involved in design and integration of peripheral devices to
computer system? Take any peripheral device as an example to illustrate the
concept.
2) What are the various aspects of cost performance analysis while designing the
system?
3) Describe the design parameters for interfacing a peripheral device to a computer
system? Take a suitable example to illustrate the case.
4) Give the detailed specifications of a computer system, capable of running the
multimedia applications.