CEM I

CEM1 is the top grade of cement,

particularly since it is not blended with
fly ash, meaning that is beneficial for
making top-quality concrete. As such we
vote for and always use CEM1 as the
best in the business!

All cements, including the CEM1

cements, are allowed 5% minor
constituents which is usually limestone.
Thus, a CEM I consists of between 95-
100% clinker where the CEM2 – 5
cements can range 20-94% clinker.
Blended cement is obtained by mixing
CEM1 with mineral admixtures or
additives like fly ash, slag, silica fume
and limestone. Blended cements are
now being used more extensively, as
they exhibit good technical and
environmental advantages, such as
reducing the water demand and
therefore the water-cement ratio can be
reduced. However, although CEM2 – 5
have some advantages technologically
and environmentally, most business
choose to use CEM1 to ensure the
superior delivery of concrete by having
the best quality concrete mix.
 CEM II

Composite cements with fly ash additive can be

used to produce concretes for special
application. They are suitable for producing
alkaline and sulfate corrosion-resistant concrete.

Use of fly ash-slag mix allows optimization of

the main characteristics of cement clinker and
reduction of CO2 emissions due to a greater
cement/clinker ratio.
 CEM III

The differences in cement replacement are

very important to understand because
cement replacement will reduce the speed
of setting, of course this can be useful on
the occasionally very hot whether
day. HOWEVER, please be aware that the
use of a CEM3 mix is not recommended
because unless it is cured absolutely
correctly, which more often than is not
always possible to do, the concrete can fail
dramatically! This explains why we use
CEM1 – whatever the temperature and
ease of no nonsense curing – it allows for a
fast, consistent, superior installation of
concrete.
 GENERAL

In this paper, the two sets of concretes under attack of erosion solution of sulfate and
investigated. The one set is the plain concrete without fly ash addition. The other set i
with 20% and 30% of fly ash addition, respectively. The corrosion solution includes th
3.5%NaCl, 5% Na2SO4, and a composite solution of 3.5%NaCl and 5% Na2SO4. In
corrosion regimes were employed in this study: naturally immersion (stored in corrosi
long duration), drying-immersion cycles. The damage process of the two sets of conc
systematically investigated under the above three types of corrosion solutions and tw
regimes. The interaction between sulfate and chloride salt was also quantitatively det
experimental results shown that a presence of sulfate in the composite solution increa
resistance to chloride ingress into concretes at early exposure period, but the opposit
at latter exposure period. For the damage of concretes, a presence of chloride in the
solution reduces the damage of concrete caused by sulfate. Addition of fly ash may si
improve the resistance to chloride ingress into concretes and the resistance to sulfate
suitable amount of fly ash addition and low water-to-binder (W/B) was employed. Stud
different corrosion regimes indicate that concretes stored in corrosion solution for abo
changes in relatively dynamic modulus of elastically (RDME) could be described by th
linearly increasing period, steady period, and declining period. Whereas for drying-im
an accelerated trend could be found. The changes in RDME included an accelerated
linearly increased stage, and then a slowly decreased stage, finally accelerating failur
to elucidate the above experimental results in a microscopic scale, the mechanism wa
investigated by the modern microanalysis techniques.

SULFATE RESISTANCE
The durability of concrete exposed to alkaline sulfate soils or water containing alkaline
been a problem of long standing in many localities. The areas where alkaline sulfate s
waters occur are particularly prevalent in the western part of the United States. Poor q
made with cements of high tricalcium aluminate, C3A, content will deteriorate rapidly
sulfate soils or sulfate waters.Both laboratory tests and field experience have shown t
concrete made with sulfate resistant cement, low C3A, has excellent resistance to sul
concrete will have excellent durability when exposed to sulfate soils and sulfate water
It is both the quality of the concrete and composition of the cement that provides sulfa
poor quality concrete with a high W/C ratio will not have good sulfate resistance even
the best sulfate resistant cement.
cement should be used in all concrete construction exposed to moderate sulfate actio
should be used when high sulfate resistance is required.

A rich concrete mix with a maximum W/C of 5.0 gallons of water per sack of cement s
With the lower W/C and lower porosity that accompany the use of richer mixes, high r
sulfate attack has been attained with the use of sulfate resistant cements.

. The use of fly ash saves cement, reduces heat of hydration in mass concrete [28][29][30], increases flow ability [31
hrinkage of concrete [32,33], improves resistance to chloride-ion penetration [34,35] and reduces risk of steel corrosion [36]. Jin
steel corrosion [36]. Jin et al. [37] reported that a suitable addition of fly ash could promote the resistance to chloride penetratio
ce to chloride penetration and sulphate corrosion. ..