BSC (Chem) Final Version Jan05

UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM
CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
PROPOSAL FOR A B.Sc. IN CHEMISTRY [B.Sc. (Chem.)] DEGREE

PROGRAMME
JANUARY, 2005.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The Chemistry Department at UDSM was established in 1965 under the Faculty of
Science and teaching, research and consultancy. It is the only unit which provides
full time tertiary education in chemistry in Tanzania. In addition, the Department
plays a major role in all chemistry related training activities in the country. Chemistry
graduates of UDSM are employed in:
(1) the education sector, as teachers in secondary and high schools as well as in
teacher training and technical colleges,
(2) research in analytical and processing laboratories of various industries and
government institutions, and
(3) the private sector especially in the fields of food processing, petroleum
processing, textile manufacture, agriculture, mining and mineral processing,
pulp and paper industries and in the pharmaceutical industries.
Chemically related industries in Tanzania are mostly concerned with, among others,
the processing of agricultural products and agricultural pest control agents, food,
textiles, plastics; as well as oil refining and formulation, mining, construction, fertiliser
manufacture, brewing and bottling, pharmaceuticals, confectionery, pulp and paper,
paints manufacture, fermentation, metal works, and environmental management and
impact assessment. Institutes in Tanzania dealing with various chemical activities,
include biomedical research (The National Institute for Medical Research), agriculture
and livestock (Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development), pest control
(Tropical Pesticides Research Institute), forensic chemistry (the Government Chemist
Laboratory Agency) and industrial research (Tanzania Industrial Research and
Development Organisation). Other organisations dealing with chemistry related
activities include the Tanzania Bureau of Standards, Tanzania Industrial Studies and
Consultancy Organisation and the National Environmental Management Council. All
these industries and research institutions require appropriately trained chemists.
The recent liberalisation of the Tanzanian economy has stimulated industrial and
social investments by the private sector, and this has increased the demand for
chemistry graduates with B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. qualifications.
1.2 UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM MISSION
The aforementioned coincides with the expressed desire of the mission and vision of
the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) as stipulated in its Corporate Strategic
Plan. The plan ascertains that the University of Dar es Salaam has the following
basic inter-related purposes:
• To be directly engaged in the creation, transmission and evaluation of
knowledge in the pursuit of excellence in academic scholarship and intellectual
inquiry through teaching, research and provision of advisory and public service.
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• To provide the labour market with highly competent professionals, able to

contribute effectively to the development of a modern and prosperous society.
This is to be achieved through the prime principle of integration of research,
teaching and advisory services at the immediate subject areas.
• To become national and international centre of excellence in terms of quality
and relevant knowledge creation, effective entrepreneurship and formation of a
responsible attitude for the betterment of the society and an example of good
management.
• To endeavour to excel in knowledge and human resource capacity building
without sacrificing quality against quantity or falling prey to elitism.
• To act as a catalyst for:
- Improved democratisation of the society.
- Improved standards of education at national level.
- Promotion of accelerated national economic, scientific and technological
development.
- Improvement of gender balance and equity.
Improved life long learning process.
All the undergraduate courses offered by the Department have recently been reviewed
to improve their relevance to Tanzania's needs and to include current scientific
advancements. However, the subject has remained as a single major, a situation,
which has, in recent years limited the effectiveness of the current Chemistry graduates
outside the education sector. In order to cope with this current and projected demand,
the Chemistry Department is proposing a new BSc (Chemistry) degree program.
1.3 THE TANZANIA DEVELOPMENT VISION 2025
The Tanzania Development Vision 2025 (Vision 2025) paper and the Poverty
Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) documents highlight the government's
commitment towards the provision of relevant education to Tanzanians at all levels.
Thus, technical training, tertiary education and science and technology are expected
to play a leading role in the attainment of the development of the country. Vision
2025 and the PRSP have, as their targets, the creation of a well-educated nation
and the development and improvement of science and technology education at all
levels. The BSc (Chem.) programme is expected to contribute towards this goal by
increasing the number and quality of chemistry human resources in Tanzania.
2.0 SHORTCOMINGS OF THE CURRENT CHEMISTRY

PROGRAMMES
2.1 SHORTCOMINGS OF THE BSC (EDUCATION) PROGRAMME
The main objective of the establishment of the Department of Chemistry since its
inception has been to train the work force of teachers for our secondary schools.
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Therefore, the framework of the current courses is based on basic concepts of

chemistry and as such lack courses, which emphasise the application of chemical
knowledge in solving industrial and/or societal problems. Consequently, the
programme does not give the required emphasis in industrial chemical processes
knowledge that a contemporary chemistry graduate should have.
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2.2 SHORTCOMINGS OF THE BSC (GENERAL) PROGRAMME
The Faculty of Science is running a BSc (General) programme in which, during the
three years of study students major in two science subjects. Those majoring in
chemistry follow the same courses as BSc (Education) students. While the drive to
serve the education sector is still valid to date, new areas have evolved into which
chemistry graduates can be absorbed. These include the chemical based industries
as well as research institutions now scattered across the country. The liberalisation
of the Tanzanian economy, stimulated by the high industrial and social investments
by the private sector, has put a new need for chemistry University graduates to be
more knowledgeable, capable of self-employment as well as become managers of
their own entrepreneurs. There is also an increasing need for various private and
public institutions to produce competitive products and therefore an increasing
demand for appropriately trained chemists and laboratory managers. The proposed
BSc in chemistry curriculum, therefore, will address the shortcomings that are
inherent in the current curriculum.
3.0 STRENGTHS OF THE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT AT UDSM
3.1 CURRENT DEGREE PROGRAMMES
The department is currently offering courses that are part of the BSc (Ed), BEd (Sc),
BEd (PESC), BSc (Gen) BSc (Geol), BSc. (MPE) and BSc. (CPE) degree
programmes. Apart from the undergraduate degree programmes the department
also offers advanced studies leading to awards of Master of Science and Doctor of
Philosophy in various fields of specialisation, including, natural products, materials
science, pesticides, environmental chemistry and theoretical chemistry.
3.2 HUMAN RESOURCES

The department has a well-qualified work force of 41 employees. Among the 23
academic members of staff 21 have been trained up to the PhD level in different
fields of specialisation (APPENDIX I) while two are on PhD programmes. The
technical section is comprised of 19 members, among which two are PhD holders
and six are holders of MSc (chemistry) degrees. .
3.3 PHYSICAL RESOURCES

The department has three major undergraduate teaching laboratories each with a
capacity of 50 students per laboratory session. Apart from the teaching laboratories
there are a number of Research Laboratories dealing with the following branches of
chemistry:
 Materials Science
 Analytical Chemistry
 Surface Chemistry
 Pesticides Chemistry
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 Thermal Analysis
 Natural Products
To facilitate teaching, research and consultancy activities, the department houses

several scientific equipment as detailed in APPENDIX II
3.4 NEEDS ASSESSMENT SURVEY
In the recently semesterised chemistry curriculum, there is no room to teach as core

courses a range of important thematic areas in chemistry, including, forensic, natural
products, synthetic chemistry, group theory and chemometrics. The areas, however,
are essential for the application of chemistry in industry and research, since chemists
play a key role in the process development of consumer products, industrial
materials, medicines and foodstuffs.
In order to obtain baseline information on this problem, the department organised a

need assessment survey aimed at assessing the needs of chemistry in the chemical
and allied industries and chemical research institutions nation-wide. A total of 30
chemical based industries and institutions were involved in the survey.
The specific objectives of the survey were to:

 Evaluate the current and future quantitative demand for chemists in the
country,
 Receive views from institutions and industries in relation to the strength(s)
and weakness(es) of the current undergraduate chemistry programme,
and
 Allow the institutions to participate in the chemistry curriculum review and
development of new programmes by identifying deficiencies in the current
curriculum and suggesting possible remedial modifications.
From the survey results (APPENDIX III) the following observation are apparent:
(i) The status of chemistry graduates nation-wide:
• 76% of the institutions surveyed have employed UDSM chemistry graduates.
• 80% of the institutions that have not employed UDSM chemistry graduates
anticipate employing them in the near future. The average demand is 3
chemists per institution.
(ii) The major deficiencies of our chemistry graduates are:
• insufficient basic research skills,
• insufficient skills in modern equipment and computers,
• lack of environmental protection awareness , and
• insufficient exposure to analytical methods.
(iii) Respondents showed a bias towards Chemistry courses related to industries and
chemical research institutions.
(iv) Business management skills would give additional credit to our graduates in the
job market.
(v) Only about 10% of the questionnaire respondents were female, an indication of
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gender imbalance in the chemical industry and chemistry related institutions.
The recent tracer study conducted by the FoS (2002) has indicated that:
(i) Most of the chemistry and biology graduates are not self-employed and this
may be attributed to the nature of the programmes they pursued.
(ii) Departments should strive to develop programmes, which prepare graduates to
fit and serve in the labour market, particularly in the liberalized economy.
(iii) Employers and graduates are of the opinion that courses studied at the
University play an important role in securing employment.
The proposed program, therefore, has been conceived with the following in mind:
(i.) To include chemical concepts and skills which have been requested by
various chemical and allied industries and chemical research institutions,
(ii.) To include other contents that have been suggested by stakeholders in the
chemical and allied industries, including mathematics, information and
communication technology and business management and
(iii.) To prepare graduates with the skills to cope with the current and projected
demands.
3.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE BSC (CHEM) PROGRAMME
• To prepare graduates with a wide range of skills and knowledge of chemical

principles and equip them with problem solving skills that are applicable in
industrial processes and research,
• To prepare graduates with the basic skills in ICT relevant to the chemical and
allied industries and research,
• To help empower chemistry graduates with the necessary competence
required to establish and manage business in the chemical and allied industries,
and
• To prepare graduates who are conversant with the concepts of environmental
conservation and management.
4.0 DURATION OF THE PROGRAMME

The proposed programme will cater for the needs of chemists as well as those of
technologists in the manufacturing industries. The course is designed (see following
sections) to last for THREE years and this will give enough time for students to grasp
basic chemistry knowledge on one hand and to have introductory skills in business,
on the other. This later part of the proposed programme has been designed to help
prepare graduates for self-employment.
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5.0 CAREER PROSPECTS

A graduate with a BSc (Chem) will have access to a variety of careers in both the
private and public sector, including all chemically related industries. The programme
also helps prepare the graduates for self-employment. In addition the growing
environmental awareness and the pressure on chemical-related industries to
institute environmental protection has opened a new area in which there is a
demand for well-qualified chemists.
6.0 ENTRY QUALIFICATIONS

For direct entrants the program requires appropriate ‘A’ level passes from the PCM,
PCB or CGB combinations. University of Dar es Salaam minimum entry
qualifications will apply. Applicants with equivalent qualifications must hold an
appropriate Diploma with an upper second-class or higher.
7.0 ENROLMENT PROJECTIONS

The department’s current enrolment status is indicated in the table below. The most
recent needs assessment survey has shown a shortage of about 300 chemists in the
chemical and allied institutions. To fill this gap the department is aspiring to produce
30 graduates with BSc (Chem.) per year. This means that it will take about 12 years
to fulfil this current demand. However in view of the current liberalisation of the
economy and growing environment concern the demand for such graduates is
expected to increase. After take-off of the programme, efforts will be made to
improve the infrastructure of the department so as to increase student intake.
Current enrolment of chemistry students
YEAR NUMBER OF STUDENTS

ST
1 YEAR BSc 1ST YEAR BSc 2ND YEAR BSc
[Ed., Gen., LIFE SCIENCES (CPE) &
Geol., Eng. BSc (MPE)
Geol., Molec.
Biol.)
1999/2000 164 40 42
2000/2001 140 46 40
2001/2002 142 45 60
2002/2003 146 54 64
2003/2004 138 82 48
2004/2005 155 116 82
Five year enrolment projections for the proposed BSc. (Chem.) programme
ENROLMENT 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/2011

YEAR I 30 40 50 55 60
YEAR II - 30 40 50 55
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YEAR III - - 30 40 50
TOTAL 30 70 120 145 165
8.0 PROGRAMME DESIGN AND STRUCTURE

Students registered for this programme shall be awarded a B.Sc. (Chem.) degree.
During the course of the three years of study, students will pursue a total of 80
semester units of chemistry core courses. This includes the 37 units of chemistry
core courses which are currently pursued by BSc (Ed) students. In addition, several
courses will be available as electives. During the first and second years of study all
the BSc (Chem) students will follow the same course programme. In the third year,
however, students will be split into two streams, namely the Analytical (Stream A)
and the Industrial (Stream B) chemistry streams. Apart from the chemistry courses,
the programme is comprised of core and elective courses from existing programmes
in the Departments of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics in the Faculty of
Science, the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) and the Faculty of Commerce
and Management. Practical training will be mandatory for all the students registered
for this programme.
9.0 MARKETING OF THE NEW PROGRAMME

In order for the new programme to be known to potential candidates and employers,
fliers/brochures giving information about the programme will be disseminated via
Departmental and University websites, newspapers and on radio. Visits to secondary
schools will also be done. The information will include admission requirements,
expected academic qualifications of the graduates and a highlight of the career
prospects. The brochures will be disseminated to the public, secondary schools and
potential employers.
10.0 EXAMINATION REGULATIONS

The general and examination regulations governing the award of the undergraduate
degree in the Faculty of Science shall apply.
11.0 MODE OF ASSESSMENT

The University of Dar es Salaam and Faculty of Science regulations governing
course assessment shall hold. Candidates shall be required to pass all the courses.
For Practical Training (Appendix V) assessment, the Faculty of Science regulations
governing Practical Training assessment shall apply.
12.0 STAFF TEACHING LOAD

Currently the total number of undergraduate course units offered by the Chemistry
Department is 91. This includes:
37 semester units of core courses (Theory = 25 units and Practicals = 12
units)
33 semester units of optional courses,
21 semester units of service courses.
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The launching of this programme will increase the total undergraduate course units
offered by the Department to the following level:
Core courses = 96 units (Theory = 78 and Practicals = 18 units)
Service courses = 21 units (Practicals = 5.5 units)
Total teaching Load = 117 units
Therefore, using the 1998 academic audit recommendations, the average teaching
load per academic staff will be as follows:
1. Total number of lecture hours of theory

= 93.5 units x 15 hours (Lectures) = 1402.5 hours /year
2. Total number of tutorial hours of theory
= 93.5 units x 15 hour (Tutorials) = 1402.5 hours/year
3. Total number of practical hours = 23.5 units x 45 hours 3 Staff = 3172.5
hours/year
Therefore, Teaching load = 5977.5 hours/(30 weeks x 20 staff) = 9.96 hours per
week which is similar to the recommended teaching load (11 hours per week) by
the 1998 Academic audit report.
However, it should be noted that the Chemistry Department has three major areas
of specialization, namely, Inorganic/Analytical, Physical and Organic
Chemistry. Each academic staff member is qualified to teach in only one of these
areas.
13.0 FINANCIAL IMPLICATION

The introduction of this programme will have financial implications, particularly with
regard to laboratory equipment, textbooks, chemicals and other consumables
including glassware. The teaching costs will also include Final Year Projects and
Practical Training, both of which are mandatory in this programme. These costs are
tabulated in Appendix IV.
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COURSES FOR BSc. (CHEM.) PROGRAMME
FIRST YEAR
FACULTY COURSES
CODE TITLE UNITS
DS 101 Development Perspectives I 2
DS 102 Development Perspectives II 2
IS 131 Introduction to Informatics and 2
Microcomputers
TOTAL 6
CHEMISTRY COURSES
CODE TITLE UNITS
CH 100 Introduction to Physical Chemistry 2
CH 111 Basic Analytical Chemistry 2
CH 116 Basic Organic Chemistry 2
CH 121 Chemistry Practicals I 2
CH 122 Chemistry Practicals II 2
CH 170 Introduction to Electronic Structure 2
and Spectroscopy
CH 171 Methods of Chemical Separation 2
CH 175 Basic Inorganic Chemistry 2
CH 191 Theoretical Methods for Chemists 2
TOTAL 18
NON CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES

CODE TITLE UNITS
MT 117 Calculus for Science students 2
TOTAL 2
PRACTICAL TRAINING
CH 199 Practical Training 2
TOTAL CORE UNITS FOR BSc (CHEM.) - (FIRST YEAR) = 28
OPTIONAL COURSES
CODE TITLE UNITS

CL 107 Communication Skills for Science 2
Students
MC 111 Fundamentals of Microbiology 2
PH112 Mechanics I 2
PH113 Electromagnetism I 2
BN 101 Introduction to Biotechnology 3
TOTAL 11
13
SECOND YEAR
FACULTY CORE COURSES

CODE TITLE UNITS
EV 200 Environmental Science I 2
TOTAL 2
CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES

CODE TITLE UNITS
CH 200 Chemical Thermodynamics 2

CH 241 Chemistry Practicals III 2
CH 242 Chemistry Practicals IV 2
CH 243 Organic Chemistry II 3
CH 248 Instrumental Methods in Analytical 2
Chemistry
CH 244 Chemistry Practicals VII 2
CH 245 Chemistry Practicals VIII 2
CH 261 Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2
CH 271 Structural Inorganic Chemistry 2
CH 281 Organic Structure, Reactions and 2
Mechanisms
CH 292 Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis 2
TOTAL 23
PRACTICAL TRAINING
CH 299 Practical Training 2
TOTAL CORE UNITS FOR BSc. (CHEM.) – (SECOND YEAR) = 27
OPTIONAL COURSES
CODE NAME UNITS

CH 293 Solid State Chemistry 2
IS 132 Introduction to High Level 4
Programming
PH 238 Material Science 1
SC 215 Scientific Methods 2
BN 202 Molecular Biotechnology 2
TOTAL 11
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THIRD YEAR
STREAM A - ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES COMMON TO BSC (ANALYTICAL

CHEMISTRY) AND BSC (INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY) STREAMS
CODE NAME UNITS

CH 323 Organic Spectroscopy 2
CH 341 Chemistry Practicals V 2
CH 342 Chemistry Practicals VI 2
CH 345 Quantum Chemistry 2
CH 314 Project Work 3
CH 382 Bio-organic chemistry 2
CH 373 Organometallic Chemistry 2
CH 378 Chemistry Practicals IX 2
CH 391 Electrochemistry 2
TOTAL 19
NON-CHEMISTRY CORE COURSE COMMON TO BSC

(ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) AND BSC (INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY)
STREAMS
CODE NAME UNITS

MK301 Small Business and 3
Entrepreneurship
TOTAL 3
CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,

STREAM – A
CODE NAME UNITS
CH 371 Quality Control, Assurance and 2

Waste Management
CH 333 Chemical Speciation Analysis 2
CH 352 Forensic Analysis 2
TOTAL 6
TOTAL CORE UNITS FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY STREAM – (THIRD YEAR)

= 28
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THIRD YEAR
STREAM B - INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES COMMON TO BSC (ANALYTICAL

CHEMISTRY) AND BSC (INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY) STREAMS
CODE NAME UNITS

TOTAL 19
NON-CHEMISTRY CORE COURSE COMMON TO BSC

(ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) AND BSC (INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY)
STREAMS
CODE NAME UNITS

MK301 Small Business and 3
Entrepreneurship
TOTAL 3
CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES FOR INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY,

STREAM – B
CODE NAME UNITS
CH 311 Industrial Chemistry 2

CH 357 Fuel Chemistry and Technology 2
CH 385 Applied Organic Synthesis 2
TOTAL 6
TOTAL CORE UNITS FOR INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY STREAM – (THIRD YEAR)

= 28
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OPTIONAL COURSES
CODE NAME UNITS

IS 136 Programming in C 3
CH 308 Polymer Chemistry 2
CH 315 Surface and Colloid Chemistry 2
CH 318 Medicinal Chemistry 2
CH 331 Chemometrics 2
CH 355 Food and Beverages Chemistry 2
CH 362 Structural Methods in Chemistry 2
CH 393 Molecular Modelling 2
CH 374 Bio-inorganic Chemistry 2
CH 332 Advanced Analytical Chemistry 2
CH 372 Molecular Physical Chemistry 2
TOTAL 23
SEMESTER MAPPING FOR THE BSc. (CHEM) PROGRAMME

FIRST YEAR
SEMESTER CODE COURSE TITLE UNITS TOTAL
I and Spectroscopy 14
CL 107 Communication Skills for Science 2
Students
CH 116 Organic Chemistry I 2
II MT 117 Calculus for Science students 2
14
Microcomputers
TOTAL UNITS FIRST YEAR 28
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SECOND YEAR
I CH 244 Chemistry Practicals VII 2
13
Chemistry
II CH 261 Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2
12
Mechanisms
TOTAL CORE UNITS SECOND YEAR 25
THIRD YEAR – STREAM A ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

CH 314 Project Work 1.5
I CH 371 Quality Control, Assurance and 2 14.5
Waste Management
MK301 Small Business and Entrepreneurship 3

II CH 382 Bio-organic chemistry 2 13.5
TOTAL CORE UNITS-THIRD YEAR 28
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THIRD YEAR – STREAM B INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

I CH 378 Chemistry Practicals IX 2
14.5
MK301 Small Business and Entrepreneurship 3
II CH 311 Industrial Chemistry 2 13.5
TOTAL COREUNITS-THIRD YEAR 28
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14.0 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
13.1 APPROVED COURSES
CHEMISTRY COURSES
CODE TITLE UNITS
CH 116 Basic Organic Chemistry 2
Chemistry
CH 353 Biochemistry 2
NON CHEMISTRY COURSES

CL 107 Communication Skills for Science Students 2
Microcomputers
IS 132 Introduction to High Level Programming II 3
IS 136 Programming in C 3
SC 215 Scientific Methods 2
PH112 Mechanics I 2
MC 111 Fundamentals of Microbiology 2
PH113 Electromagnetism I 2
BN 101 Introduction to Biotechnology 3
BN 202 Molecular Biotechnology 2
PH 238 Material Science 1
MK 301
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OPTIONAL COURSES
CODE NAME UNITS

CH 308 Polymer Chemistry 2
CH 318 Medicinal Chemistry 2
CH 357 Fuel chemistry and Technology 2
CH 355 Food and beverages chemistry 2
NEW CHEMISTRY COURSES
CODE TITLE UNITS

and Spectroscopy
CH 244 Chemistry Practicals VII 2
CH 261 Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2
Mechanisms
CH 293 Solid State Chemistry 2
CH 372 Molecular Physical Chemistry 2
CH 371 Quality Control, Assurance and Waste 2
Management
CH 374 Bio-inorganic Chemistry 2
CH 382 Bio-organic Chemistry 2
CH 331 Chemometrics 2
CH 332 Advanced Analytical Chemistry 2
CH 311 Industrial Chemistry 2
CH 362 Structural Methods in Chemistry 2
CH 393 Molecular Modelling 2
TOTAL 52
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13.2 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW COURSES
FIRST YEAR
CH 170 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND SPECTROSCOPY

2 Units
Objectives
At the end of he course, students are expected to be able to:
1. qualitatively understand the structure of atoms and molecules, and
2. Describe how atoms and molecules can be investigated by spectroscopy.
Course content
Electrons in atoms, the shape and energy of s, p and d atomic orbitals. Electronic
configurations of atoms, the periodic table and periodic trends. Ionization energy,
electron affinity and Hund’s rule. Isotopes.
Electrons in molecules;. Types of bonds: metallic, ionic, polar, covalent and
hydrogen bonds, bond strength. Valence Shell Electron repulsion theory. Molecular
Orbital theory, bonding and antibonding orbitals, first and second row homonuclear
diatomics, hybrid orbitals.
Overview of the electromagnetic spectrum and illustration of the basic information
derivable from different spectroscopic techniques. Absorption and emission spectra,
with particular emphasis on IR, UV and 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy of simple organic
molecules.
Delivery: 30 lectures and 15 tutorials
Assessment – Coursework, 40%, Final Examination 60%.
Text books:
1. C Lawrence, A Rodger and R Compton, Foundations of Physical Chemistry, OUP,
1996.
2. Any Organic text book with basic spectroscopy.
CH 171 METHODS OF CHEMICAL SEPARATION 2 Units

Objectives
1. explain the basic modern separation methods used in chemical laboratories, and
2. explain how modern separation methods may be applied to separate mixtures.
Course content
Sedimentation, centrifugation, filtration, crystallization, distillation, extraction,
precipitation, ion exchange, membrane, separation by gas absorption,
chromatography and electrophoresis.
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Delivery: 30 Lectures and 15 Tutorials.
Assessment – Coursework, 40%, Final Examination 60%.
Textbooks:
1. C. E. Meloan. Chemical Separations: Principles, Techniques and Experiments.
John Wiley & Sons Inc. London, 1999.
2. R. Noble and P. Terry. Principles of Chemical Separations with Environmental
Applications. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
CH 175 BASIC INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Units

Objectives:
1. Explain the chemistry of the elements and trends of the behaviour of compounds
in Groups I -VII and O, and
2.Describe the chemistry of the Transitions elements.
Course content:
Periodic properties of the elements. The representative elements: Groups I -VII and
O. Group characteristics, Trends and comparative study of the groups. Introduction
to transition metal chemistry.
Delivery: 30 lectures and 15 Tutorials
Assessment: Coursework, 40%, Final Examination 60%.
Textbooks:
1. G. Rayner-Canham. Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry. W. H. Freeman and Company.
New York 1995.
2. D. F. Shriver, P. W. Atkins and C. H. Langford. Inorganic Chemistry.. 2nd Ed. ELSB, 1994.
MT 117 CALCULUS FOR SCIENCE STUDENTS 2 Units

Objectives
1. understand the basic calculus concepts, and
2. solve various chemical problems that require the knowledge of calculus.
Course contents
Differentiation: Limits and continuity of functions. Definition of the derivative of a
function. Derivation of the rules for differentiation of sums, products and quotients of
functions. Derivation of circular, exponential and logarithmic functions. Relative and
absolute maxima and minima. Graphical differentiation.
Zeros of functions: Herner’s scheme for polynomial evolution, location of zeros of

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functions. Derivation, use, advantages and disadvantages of the bisection method,

secant method and the Newton-Raphson method.
Integration: The integral as an anti-derivative and as the limit of a sum. Indefinite

and definite integrals. Rules of integration. Integration by substitution, integration by
parts. Mid-point rule for polynomials of degree 2 or 3. Derivation and use of
rectangular and tripozoidal rules. Use of the Simpson’s rule, scale factors and
graphical integration.
Differential equations: First order equations with separable variables. Linear first
order equations and the use of an integrating factor. Euler-Cauchy method. Second
order linear equations with constant coefficients.
Textbooks:
1. Jeffrey, A. Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists. Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.,
1979, UK.
2. Kreyszig, E. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 1998.
CH 191 THEORETICAL METHODS FOR CHEMISTS 2 Units

Objectives
1. Apply basic theoretical tools to understand various courses in chemistry, including
chemical thermodynamics, chemometrics, group theory etc., and
2. Use theoretical tools in chemistry to solve various chemical problems.
Course content:
SI units and dimensional analysis. The treatment of experimental data focussing on
error analysis, error propagation, and the t-test. Comparison of data with theory
including linearization of equations, least squares regression and graphical methods.
Properties of matrices and their use in solving simultaneous equations in chemistry.
Review of basic calculus: the physical meaning of infinitesimal (d) and finite changes
(∆ ), and the setting up and solving of common first and second order differential
equations in chemistry. Locating and characterization of stationary points.
Eigenvalue problems in Chemistry and the meaning of eigenvalues, eigenfunctions
and eigenvectors. Complex numbers and their role in describing the atomic orbitals.
Textbooks:
1. Departmental manual.
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2. Lipschutz, S. Theory and problems of Linear Algebra. Mc Graw Hill, NY, 1974.
3. Spiegel, M. R. Theory and problems of omplex Variables, Mc Graw Hill, NY, 1974.
DS 101 DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE I

See Course outline in the Institute of Development Studies
DS 102 DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE I

2 Units
See Course outline in the Institute of Development Studies
CL 107 COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR SCIENCE STUDENTS 2 Units

See course outline in the Communication Skills Unit
IS 131 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATICS AND MICROCOMPUTERS 2 Units

See course outline in the Department of Computer Science.
IS 132 INTRODUCTION TO HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING 3 Units

See course outline in the Department of Computer Science.
MT 111 PRELIMINARY MATHEMATICS FOR NON MAJORS 2 Units

See course outline in the Department of Mathematics.
MC111 FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY 2 Units

See course outline in the Department of Botany.
BN 101 INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY 3 Units

PH 112 MECHANICS I 2 Units

See course outline in the Department of Physics
PH 113 ELECTROMAGNETISM I 2 Units

See course outline in the Department of Physics
CH 199 PRACTICAL TRAINING I 2 Units

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SECOND YEAR
CH 244 CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VII 2 Units
Objectives
1. apply basic chemical techniques and methods in applied chemical
experiments, and
to illustrate some aspects of chemistry as given in the lectures.
Course content
A set of experiments based on the following topics: Common laboratory techniques in
applied chemistry, calibration of basic equipment, Visible and UV spectroscopy,
potentiometry, thermodynamics, statistical analysis of data and chemical separations .
Delivery: 60 hours (4 hours laboratory session per week).
Assessment: 100% Laboratory reports.
Textbooks:
1. Departmental Laboratory manuals.
2. D.T. Sawyer, W.R. Heinemann and J.M. Beebe, Chemistry Experiments for
Instrumental Methods, John Wiley and Sons Inc, N.Y. 1984.
CH 245 CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VIII 2 Units
Objectives
1. apply basic chemical techniques and methods in applied chemical
experiments, and
2. illustrate some aspects of chemistry as given in the lectures.
Course content
A set of experiments based on the following topics: Common laboratory techniques

in applied chemistry, chemical separations, IR and atomic spectroscopy,
potentiometry, organic reactions, computer applications in chemistry, polarography
and voltammetry.
Textbooks:
2. D.T. Sawyer, W.R. Heinemann and J.M. Beebe, Chemistry Experiments for
27
Instrumental Methods, John Wiley and Sons Inc, N.Y. 1984.
CH 261 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2 Units

Objective
At the end of he course, students are expected to be able to
1. Describe standard environmental analytical techniques, and
2. Plan the chemical analysis of an environmental problem
Course content:
A theoretical discussion of the various stages in an analytical procedure: Problem
formulation and planning, Sampling strategies, Sample manipulation, conservation,
storage and work-up, (Extraction, clean-up, preconcentration, derivatization).
Instrumental analysis, Data evaluation and method validation. Methods for the
determination of ultra-trace concentrations of inorganic, organometallic and organic
compounds in air, soil, water, sediment and biota. Groupwise mini-projects (where
practical experience of problem formulation, experimental design, sampling and data
evaluation is obtained) will be done and reports assessed.
Textbooks:
1. F. W. Fifield and P. J. Haines. Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed.
Blackwell Science, 2000.
2. M. Radojeric and V. Bashkin. Practical Environmental Analysis, Royal Society of
Chemistry, London,1999.
CH 271 STRUCTURAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Units
Objectives
At the end of the course, students are expected to be able to
1. Understand the basic concepts of coordination chemistry and
2. Relate the structure and bonding of coordination compounds with their respective
reactions.
Course content
Introduction to coordination chemistry. Constitution and stereochemistry of
coordination compounds. Hybridization and coordination numbers. Bonding in
coordination compounds. Thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of coordination
compounds and their properties related to bonding. Chemical reaction of
coordination compounds.
28
Delivery: 30 lectures and 15 Tutorials.
Textbook:
D. Nicholls. Complexes and First row Transition metals, MacMillan London, 1995.
CH 281 ORGANIC STRUCTURE, REACTIONS AND MECHANISMS 2 Units
Objective:
At the end of the course, students are expected to be able to understand the driving
forces and mechanistic principles of organic reactions and mechanism.
Course content:
Structure of organic compounds (molecular connectivity and molecular geometry),
Electrophilic and nucleophilic substitutions, molecular rearrangement, elimination
and addition reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions; Specificic organic
reactions: Carbanion I (Acidity of hydrogens, Aldol, Claisen and Crossed Claisen
condensation.Tautomerism, Dieckmann and Reformatsky reactions. Carbanion II
(Malonic ester and aceto-acetic ester synthesis, polyfunctional compounds;
Polynuclear aromatics, Michael addition reactions.
Delivery: 30 hrs Lectures and 15 hrs Tutorials
Text Books
1. F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A & B, 3th ed.
Plenum Press, N. Y. (1991).
2. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th ed. John Wiley &Sons, N. Y. (1992).
3. R.O.C. Norman and J.M. Coxon, Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed. Blackie
Academic & Professional, London, (1995).
CH 292 CHEMICAL KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2 Units
Objectives
At the end of the course, students are expected to be able to:
1. Understand the basic concepts of chemical kinetics and catalysis,
2. Apply chemical kinetics in chemical reactions and reactor designs, and
3. Formulate intrinsic rate equations at the catalyst sites and in solutions
Course Content:
Kinetics theory of gases, Distribution of velocities, Collision cross section. Collision
frequency, Mean free Path. Rate laws and their determination, Temperature
29
dependence of reaction rates, Arrhenius Equation, activation energies, elementary

collision theory. Rates of reactions. Order and molecularity. Experimental
measurement of reaction rates (Differential method and integral method of analysis.
Method of initial rates. Method of half-lives.), Accounting for the rate laws,
Elementary reactions, pre-equilibrium, the steady state approximation: applications
to unimolecular reactions (Lindemann), Kinetic isotope effect, Chain reactions and
explosions, processes at solid surfaces i.e adsorption and desorption, rates of
surface processes, Catalysis (homogeneous, heterogeneous and autocatalysis,
enzyme catalysis) and the kinetics of photochemical processes.
Textbooks:
1. P. Atkins and J. de Paula, Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 7th
Ed., London, 2002.
2. S. R Logan, Fundamentals of Chemical Kinetics, Longman, Harlow, 1996.
Reference books:
1. M. Boudart. Kinetics of Chemical processes, Butterworth, London, 1991.
2. M.R. Wright, Introduction to chemical kinetics, John Wiley and Sons Inc, NY
2004.
3. Any introductory book on chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics.
CH 293 SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY 2 Units
Objective
At the end of the course, students are expected to be able to understand the
structure and properties of crystalline materials.
Course Content
Introduction to Group theory of molecules and ions. Basic crystal structures of the
elements and simple ionic compounds. Packing. Crystal planes. Structural defects.
Intermolecular forces: Nature and properties of metals (conductors), semiconductors
and insulators (non conducting solids). Structure of clays and some simple minerals.
Delivery: 30 hrs Lectures 15 hrs Tutorials
Key books:
1. A.R. West. Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, Wiley & sons 1984.
2. J. E. Huheey, J. E. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4 th
30
Ed.
EV 200 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE I 2 Units

See Course outline in the Faculty of Science
IS 132 INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING

4 Units
See Course outline in the Department of Computer Science
SC 215 SCIENTIFIC METHODS 2 Units

See Course outline in the Faculty of Science
PH 238 Material science 1 Unit

See Course outline in the Department of Physics
BN 202 MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY 2 Units

CH299 CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL TRAINING II 2 Units

31
THIRD YEAR COURSES
CH 311 INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2 Units
Objective
1. Understand the synthesis and processes of technologically important materials,
2. design structures of potentially new molecules, and
3. use techniques obtained from the lectures to interpret spectra from AFM,
SEM, FT-IR and EQCM spectrometers.
Course content
Chemical and physical properties of technical materials (polymers, zeolites, silica,
alumina, activated carbons, clays, ceramics, dense microcrystalline oxides);
Reaction mechanisms of inorganic and organic polymerisation; Molecular design
and synthesis of functional materials, electrochromic devices, smart windows,
biosensing materials, amphiphilic polymers, optical devices and nanomaterials.
Polymer degradation, conducting polymers and semiconductors ferrous and
nonferrous metallurgy. Characterisation of materials: surface area of porous
materials, pour size distribution analysis, porosity analysis, AFM, SEM, FT-IR
EQCM, Auger spectroscopy and thermal analysis.
Text books:
1. I.M. Campbell. Introduction to synthetic polymers, Oxford Science Publishers
Van vlack Materials science for Engineers, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, 1982.
2. M. E. Brown; Introduction to thermal analysis Techniques and applications;
Chapman and Hall, 1988.
Reference books:
1. C. R. Brundle, C. A. Evans Jr. and S. Wilson. Encyclopedia of materials
characterization; Butterworth –Heinemenn, Boston, 1992.
2. I. Rubinstein. Physical Electrochemistry principles, methods and applications.
Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1995.
3. Southampton Electrochemistry group. Instrumental methods in
electrochemistry. Ellis Horwood, New York 1990.
CH 331 CHEMOMETRICS 2 Units

Objectives
1. design optimal chemical experiments, and
2. Use chemometric methods to analyse chemical data.
32
Course Content
Experimental design. Multivariate data analysis, including Principal component
analysis (PCA). Building Linear Predictive models, including Principal Component
Regression (PCR) and Projection to Latent Structures by means of Partial Least
Squares (PLS).
Text books:
1. J.N. Miller and J.C. Miller, Statistics and chemometrics for analytical chemistry 4 th
ed. Prince Hall, London, 2000.
2. Umetrics AB. Introduction to Designs of Experiments. 1998
3. Umetrics AB. Introduction to Multi- and Mega-variate data analysis. 1998
CH 332 ADVANCED ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2

Units
Objective
At the end of he course, students are expected to be able to understand the theory
and practice of analytical chemistry as applied to the identification and quantification
of chemicals in samples, ranging from trace to major levels, environmental and
human samples.
Course content
Analytical method development, sampling and sample collection, sample
preparation, dissolution methods, measurement techniques to include ICP-AES,
ICP-MS, flow injection, X-ray fluorescence and stripping voltammetry, sensitivity and
detection limit, calibration, data quality, results and presentation and an overview of
EPA and other standard methods applied in analytical chemistry.
Textbooks:
1. D. A. Skoog, F.J. Holler and T. A. Nieman. Principles of Instrumental
Analysis. Harcourt Brace & Co., 1998.
2. J. R. Dean. Extraction Methods for Environmental Analysis. John Wiley;
NY, 1998.
33
CH 333 CHEMICAL SPECIATION ANALYSIS 2 Units
Objectives
1. Understand the wide-ranging applications of chemical speciation in a modern
society, and
2. Use techniques of chemical speciation in the analysis aqueous systems.
Course content:
Introduction to chemical speciation analysis, strategies for the analysis of labile
equilibrium systems including sampling, electrochemical methods in speciation
studies, equilibrium dialysis, ultra-filtration and size exclusion chromatography
coupled with AAS as detection methods for speciation, the scope and application of
chemical speciation analysis, analysis of speciation forms of metal ions species as
essential and contaminating species in different aquatic systems, speciation for
optimisation of aqueous based chemical processes, potential future application of
chemical speciation analysis especially in integrated pollution control.
Textbooks:
1. J. A C Broekart, S Gucer and F Adams (eds). Metal
Speciation in the Environment. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990.
2. Chemical Speciation in the Environment. A M Ure and C
M Davidson (Eds), Blackie, Glasgow, 1995.
3. A G Howard. Aquatic Environmental Chemistry, Oxford
Chemistry Primers (57), Oxford University Press. 1998.
4. P Quevauviller. Method Performance Studies for
Speciation Analysis, Royal Society of Chemistry. 1999.
CH 352 FORENSIC ANALYSIS 2 Units
Objective
At the end of he course, students are expected to be able to describe in detail the
analytical techniques associated with drug, food, poisons and explosives.
Course content
Introduction to forensic science and analysis, methods for drug identification,
methods for toxicology determination, quality control in forensic analysis, drug
screening by Immunoassay, TLC, GC-NPD and HPLC, spot testing for illicit
substances and anabolic steroids, sample preparation of biological
specimens/evidence, serological evidence and its analysis, DNA Analysis, Gunshot
residue analysis, trace evidence analysis, hair and fiber analysis, paint evidence
34
analysis, latent finger printing, arson establishment and headspace GC in forensic

analysis.
Delivery: 30 lectures and 15 tutorials.
Textbooks:
1. G. Davis. Forensic Science, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1986.
2. M. H. Ho. Analytical Methods in Forensic Chemistry, Ellis Horwood, Ltd., London,
1990.
CH 355 FOOD AND BEVERAGE CHEMISTRY 2 Units
Objectives
1. Understand the basic concepts of food chemistry and technology, and
2. Understand the processes involved in the manufacture of various beverages
including wines, liquors etc.
Course content
Food components: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and vitamins. Food coloring and
aroma. Food and milk processing. Food by-products processing. Sugar industry.
Starch and related polysaccharides. Fermentation industries: wine, liquors. Quality
preservation and hygiene in food processing.
Delivery: 30 Lectures and 15 Tutorials
Textbooks
1. H.D. Belitz and W. Grosch. Food Chemistry, Springer Berlin, 1987.
2. T.P. Coultate. Food: The Chemistry of its components, 2 nd ed. The Royal Society
of Chemistry, London, 1988.
CH 362 STRUCTURAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2 Units

Objective:
1. Analyse more advanced NMR spectra, and
2. Understand the basic concepts of Diffraction.
Course content.
Basics of Fourier Transform NMR and its advantages. 1D NMR applications such as
double resonance, nOe difference spectroscopy, 2D NMR applications such as
35
homonuclear correlation, heteronuclear correlation, including long range

correlations. NMR and chirality. NMR and dynamic processes.. The use of these
modern spectroscopic methods for the identification of complex organic molecules
and natural products. Diffraction methods: Space groups and equivalent positions.
The phase problem and its resolution by the Patterson Map, the heavy atom method,
and isomorphous replacement. Solid state NMR: Magical angle spinning and
examples from inorganic systems.
Delivery: 30 lectures 15 Tutorials
Textbooks:
1. Structure Elucidation by NMR in Organic Chemistry. E. Breitmaier. John Wiley and
Sons, New York, 1995.
2. R. M. Silverstein, G. C. Bassler and T. C. Morill. Spectroscopic identification of
organic compounds. 5th Ed. John Wiley and Sons, NY, 1991.
CH 371 QUALITY CONTROL, ASSURANCE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT 2 Units
Objectives:
1. Understand the principles of quality, good laboratory practices and good
manufacturing practices and how these may be attained, monitored and
controlled.
2. Describe wastes and waste management strategies in pollution prevention.
Course content
Principles of quality systems, elements of quality manuals, quality control and quality
assurance activities that provide confidence that a product or a service. Good
laboratory practices (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Control charts
in monitoring quality. Sampling, records, personnel requirements and the
management of equipment, supplies and chemicals in achieving quality output.
Methods of analyses, instrument performance, method validation, proficiency testing,
audit procedures, accreditation and International Standards Organisation (ISO)
documents, ISO 17025 and 9001, as quality assurance requirements. Types of
wastes, waste analysis and waste management strategies to include waste
minimisation, recycling, onsite/offsite treatment, disposal, ‘green’ chemistry in waste
prevention and ISO 14001.
Textbooks:
36
1. P. T. Williams, Waste Treatment and Disposal, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, NY,
1998.
2. H. Tammemagi. The Waste Crisis: Landfills, Incinerators and the Search for a
Sustainable Future, Oxford University Press Inc, USA, 2000.
3. O. P. Kharbanda, Waste Management: Towards a Sustainable Society E.A.
Stallworthy Greenwood Press, 2000.
CH 372 MOLECULAR PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 Units
Objectives
• Understand how molecular symmetry influences measurable properties of
systems, especially the IR and Raman spectra of simple molecules, and
• Understand the principles of equilibrium statistical mechanics.
Course content
Molecular energy level thermodynamics (M.E.L.T.) and its relationships to classical
thermodynamics: the canonical ensemble and molecular partition functions for non-
interacting particles. Derivation of the Boltzmann distribution. Distinguishable and
non-distinguishable particles. Calculation of equilibrium constants and rate constants
for simple reactions from molecular energy levels. Nuclear statistics in terms of
bosons and fermions.
Group theory and its application to the vibrational spectra of simple polyatomic
molecules. Symmetry adapted orbitals and bonding in simple polyatomic molecules.
Hűckel theory.
Textbooks
1. F. A. Cotton: Chemistry Applications of Group Theory, 2nd ed., Wiley Eastern
Ltd. 1992
2. A. K. Chandra: Introductory Quantum Chemistry, 3rd ed., Tata MaGraw Hill,
1988.
3. P. W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry. 6th ed. ELBS/Oxford Univ. press, London,
1998
CH 373 ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2 Units
Objectives
37
1. understand the fundamental mechanistic basis of organometallic chemistry,

2. describe the properties of the metal-carbon and metal-hydrogen bonds and
how these bonds influence the synthesis of organometallic compounds, and
3. understand the industrial applications of organometallic compounds.
Course content
Nature of organometallic compounds. Nomenclature Behavior of metals toward
organic systems. Nature of the carbon-metal bond. Transition metal compounds with
bonds to hydrogen and carbon, and hydrogen to boron. Chemical behaviour of
carbon-metal bonds. Transition metal to carbon bonds in synthesis and catalysis.
Transition metal complexes. . Industrial applications of organometallic compounds.
Delivery: 30 Lectures and 15 Tutorial hrs
Text books:
1. M. Bochmann. Organometallics 1 & 2, (Zeneca series no. 12 & 13) Oxford
Science Publications. 1994.
2. P. Powell. Principles of Organometallic Chemistry, Second Edition. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 1998.
CH 374 BIO-INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Units
Objectives
1. Understand the important roles of metal ions in biological systems, and
2. describe the structure and function of metal ion sites in biomolecules.
Course content
Metal coordination environments in biology. Iron transport and storage, oxygen
binding in mammals and lower organisms, the use of model compounds as probes
of biological structures. Electron transfer, the toxicity of inorganic species, the use of
metal complexes as drugs. Platinum anticancer drugs, discovery of cis-platin. Metal
toxicity, electron transfer in biology, Redox activation of N2. Alkali metals ions and
nitric oxide in communication.
Delivery: 30 Lectures and 15 Tutorial hrs
Text books:
1. W. Kaim and B. Schwederski, Bio-inorganic Chemistry: Inorganic Elements in
the Chemistry of Life, Wiley, N.Y., 1994.
CH 382 BIO-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Units

38
Objectives:
At the end of the course, students are expected to be able to:
• understand the organic chemistry of biological molecules.
• understand the structure and reactivity of the small organic building block of
polymeric bio-molecules of life and appreciate their function in living cells, and
• pursue careers in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological, biochemical and
medical sciences.
Course content
Enzymology: Basic Kinetics and Michaelis-Menten Equation, equilibrium and steady
state assumptions; Enzyme inhibition; Serine proteases: structure, selectivity and
kinetics; Transition state theory as applied to enzymes: Entropy effects on enzyme
reactions, transition state stabilization, transition state analogues as inhibitors; Ion
channels, receptors, and blockers; Chemical biology: Ca sensors and caged
compounds; Cofactor Chemistry: NADPH, Pyridoxal, Flavins, folate, biotin, thiamine;
Nucleic acid chemistry: DNA and RNA structures, design of specific DNA binding
and cleaving agents, catalysis of RNA, Amino acids and proteins; Sugars and
carbohydrates; Lipids.
Textbooks:
1. C.M. Dobson, J.A. Gerrard and AJ Pratt. Foundations of Chemical Biology, Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 2002.
2. H. Hermann. Bio-organic Chemistry, 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999,
Reference book:
1. J. McMurry. Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., Belmont,
1999.
CH 378 CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS IX 2 Units
Objectives
1. Apply advanced experimental methods of analytical and inorganic chemistry
in various experiments, and
2. Analyse trace compounds in the environment.
Course content
A set of experiments based on the following topics: instrumental chemical
separations and analysis, chemical kinetics, environmental analytical chemistry,
metallurgy, industrial inorganic chemistry, electrochemistry, industrial organic
39
chemistry and organic spectroscopy. Experiments involving more advanced

chemical principles including stereochemistry, reaction mechanisms synthesis and
use of chemical literature.
Textbooks:
2. D.T. Sawyer, W.R. Heinemann and J.M. Beebe. Chemistry Experiments for
Instrumental Methods, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. NY, 1984.
CH 381 PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Units

Objectives
At the end of he course, students are expected to be able to rationalize, control and
predict the behaviour and outcome of organic reactions by examining the qualitative
aspects of physical organic chemistry such as steric effects, stereoelectronic effects,
conformational analysis, orbital symmetry etc.
Course content
Various aspects of physical organic chemistry are treated. These include basic
principles such as the preparation, stability and reactions of reactive intermediates
eg. carbonium ions, carbanion, radicals and carbenes. Various factors which
influence reaction rates, reaction sites and direction of incoming groups, as well as
the stereochemical outcome of products will be discussed in the course.
Delivery: 30 hrs Lectures and 15 hrs Tutorials.
Text Books
1. F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A & B, 3th ed.
Plenum Press, N. Y. (1991).
2. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th ed. John Wiley &Sons, N. Y. (1992).
CH 385 APPLIED ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 2 UNITS

Objectives:
1. Comprehend the scope and relevance of chemistry-based industries world-
40
wide, and
2. Understand how the principles of organic synthesis are applied in the
manufacture of commercially important natural and artificial (complex and
simple) molecules/compounds.
Course content:
An overview of organic chemistry and industry, raw materials for organic chemical
industries, principles of organic synthesis (C-C bond forming strategies, FGIs,
chemo- and stereo-selectivity), planning of organic synthesis (retrosynthetic
analysis), syntheses of some commercially important organic compounds: dyes,
pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fragrances, flavourings, soaps, detergents, adhesives,
sealants, coatings, food additives, etc.
Delivery: 30 hrs Lectures and 15 hrs Tutorials
Text Books
1. B.G. Reuben, Industrial Organic Chemicals in Perspective. Vol. I & II, Wiley &
Sons, London, 1980.
2. S. Warren. Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach. Wiley & Sons,
London, 1997.
4. M. B. Smith, Organic Synthesis. McGraw-Hill, (1994)
CH 391 ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2 UNITS
Objectives
At the end of he course, students are expected to be able to understand electrode
kinetics, mechanisms, electrochemical processes and measurements.
Course Content
Electrode kinetics and Mass transport; Electrode-Solution interface: over potential,
ohmic, activation and concentration polarization Nernst diffusion layer; Tafel
equation, i-V polarization principles; Principles, mechanisms and control of
corrosion; Industrial applications: fuel cells, batteries and electroplating;
Electrochemical techniques: impedance spectroscopy, cylic voltametry,
potetiodynamic polarization etc.
41
Text books:
1. E. Gileadi: Electrode Kinetics for Chemists, Chemical Engineers and Material
Scientists, VCH 1993.
2. J.S.Newman. Electrochemical Systems. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall 1991.
3. A. C. Fisher; Electrode Dynamics; Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998
Reference books:
6. Trethewey, K.R. and Chamberlain J.: Corrosion for students of Science and
Engineering, Longman, 1988.
CH 393 MOLECULAR MODELLING 2 Units

Objective
At the end of he course, students are expected to be able to understand how
classical and quantum modelling is used in Chemistry to understand and predict
molecular structures and properties.
Course content
Molecular mechanics with empirical force fields, modeling conformational changes in
organic molecules. Molecular simulation using Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics
techniques. Quantum molecular modeling of structure and properties of molecules.
Application of these techniques in areas such as solid state chemistry, surface
chemistry, industrial chemistry, drug design and understanding liquids, gels and
liquid crystals.
Text books:
42
1. Chris Cramer; Essentials of Molecular Modelling, Wiley, London, 2002.

2. A. R. Leach ; Molecular Modelling. Principles and Applications, Longman,
1996.
IS 136 PROGRAMMING IN C 3 Units

See Course outline in the Department of Computer Science, FoS.
MK 301 SMALL BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 3 Units

See Course outline in the faculty of Commerce and Management.
43
15.0 REFERENCES
1. The Tanzania development vision 2025. The Presidents Office, Planning

Commission, 1999.
2. Composite development goal for the Tanzania development vision 2025,
Planning Commission, February, 2000.
3. Poverty reduction strategy paper (PRSP), October 2000.
4. Report on the 1998 academic audit, March 1999.
5. Institutional Needs Assessment Survey for Chemists, Chemistry Department,
UDSM.
6. University of Dar es Salaam Prospectus 2004/2005.
7. Guidelines for regular and comprehensive review of curricula by all academic
units. UDSM Nov. 1999.
8. Chemistry Department, UDSM: “Five Year Strategic Plan 2002/2003 –
2006/2007.
9. The Corporate Strategic Programme, Institutional Transformation “UDSM-
2000”.
44
16.0 APPENDICES
APPENDIX I: Staff profile of the Department of Chemistry
No. NAME RANK SPECIALISATION

1. Inorganic Chemistry
1 Mosha, D. M. S. Professor 2. Coordination Chemistry
3. Cement Chemistry
1. Natural products
2 Nkunya, M. Professor 2. Medicinal Chemistry and Pesticides
3. Synthetic Carbohydrate Chemistry
1. Analytical Chemistry
Assoc. 2. Inorganic Chemistry
3 Othman C. O.
Professor 3. Electrochemistry
4. Quality Assurance
1. Inorganic/Analytical Chemistry
Assoc.
4 Mhinzi, G. S. 2. Chemometrics
Professor
3. Organometallic Chemistry
1. Pesticide Residue Analysis
Assoc.
5 Kishimba, M 2. Environmental Chemistry
Professor
3. Organic Chemistry
1. Inorganic Chemistry
Senior 2. Organometallic Chemistry
6 Mbogo, S.
Lecturer 3. Water Treatment Methods
4. Metallurgy
Senior 1. Analytical Chemistry
7 Lugwisha, E. H.
Lecturer 2. Environmental Chemistry
1. Surface Chemistry – Heterogeneous
Catalysis
Senior 2. Environmental Chemistry
8 Mkayula, L. L.
Lecturer 3. Lasers in trace gas analysis
4. Materials Science and
Electrodynamics
1. Natural products
Senior
9 Joseph, C. C. 2. Medicinal Chemistry and Pesticides
Lecturer
3. Synthetic Carbohydrate Chemistry
Senior 1. X-ray Crystallography
10 Kamwaya, M. E.
Lecturer 2. Powder Diffraction Techniques
1. Analytical Chemistry
Senior 2. Inorganic Chemistry
11 Ngassapa, F
Lecturer 3. X-ray (Phase/Crystal Structure)
Analysis
12 Buchweishaija, Senior 1. Materials Science
J Lecturer 2. Industrial Electrochemistry
3. Organic Electronics (Conducting
45
Polymers and Coating)

4. Fuel Cells
1. Molecular Modelling
2. Statistical Mechanics
13 Forester, T. Lecturer
3. Parallel Molecular Dynamics
Simulations
1. Organic Synthesis
14 Mdachi, S Lecturer
2. Pesticides chemistry
Mdoe, J. E. G Lecturer 1. Catalysis Technology
15 2. Surface Chemistry
3. Green Chemistry
1. Polymer Chemistry
2. Kinetics of Addition Polymerisation
16 Makame, Y. M. Lecturer
3. Renewable Monomer Based
Polymers
Akwilapo, L. D. Lecturer 1. Inorganic Chemistry
17 2. Ceramics and Glass Technologies
3. Cement Technology
1. Heterogeneous Catalysis &
Supported Materials Science
18 Mubofu, E. B. Lecturer 2. Green Chemistry (Environment
Friendly alternatives)
3. Surfactants Chemistry
1. Synthetic organic Chemistry
19 Mwakaboko, A. Lecturer
2. Natural Products
1. Carbohydrate Chemistry
20 Mgina, C. A. Lecturer
2. Natural products Chemistry
Makangara, J. 1. Organic Chemistry
21 Lecturer
J. 2. Natural products Chemistry
Assistant Natural Products chemistry
22 Samwel, S.
Lecturer
Assistant 1. Electrochemistry
23. Philip, J. Y. N.
Lecturer
APPENDIX II
INSTRUMENT MAKE/MODEL DATE OF SOURCE OF FUND

PURCHASE
GAS CHROMATOGRAPH VARIAN NORAD
HYDROGEN GENERATOR (2) PACKARD 1999 NORAD
NITROGEN GENERATOR (2) PEAK 1997 NORAD
HYDROGEN GENERATOR WAGTECH 1997 NORAD
AMINO ACID ANALYSER SHIMADZU 1997 NORAD
ATOMIC ABSORPTION PERKIN ELMER 1997 NORAD
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
FTIR 8201 PC SHIMADZU 1997 NORAD
46
SHIMAZU ULTRA VIOLET SHIMADZU 1997 NORAD

THERMAL ANALYSER METTLER M3 1990 NORAD
POTENTIAL START + PC AUTOLAB 1998 NORAD
1 ELECTROLYTIC SILVER 1997 NORAD
RECOVERY EQUIPMENT
IR (CONVENTIONAL)
APPENDIX III : The subject preference shown by the questionnaire

respondents:
NO. SUBJECT FREQUENCY %

1 Environmental chemistry 34 90
2 Industrial chemistry 33 87
3 Organic synthesis 33 87
4 Computers in chemistry 32 84
5 Soil chemistry 31 82
6 Electrochemistry 30 79
7 Food chemistry 30 79
8 Fuel chemistry 28 74
9 Chemistry of Natural Products 27 71
0 Organic Spectroscopy 27 71
11 Agricultural chemistry 27 71
12 Medicinal chemistry 27 71
13 Metallurgy 27 71
14 Chemical kinetics 26 68
15 Instrumentation in Chemistry 26 68
16 Chemical thermodynamics 26 68
17 Research methodology 26 68
18 Biochemistry 25 66
19 Metal corrosion and its prevention 25 66
20 Functional group chemistry 25 66
21 Pesticide chemistry 24 63
22 Polymer chemistry 24 63
23 Coordination chemistry 24 63
24 Organic reaction mechanisms 23 60
25 Plastic Technology 23 60
26 Analytical chemistry 23 60
27 Stereochemistry 22 58
28 Bio-inorganic chemistry 21 55
29 Systematic inorganic chemistry 20 53
30 Organometallic chemistry 19 50
31 Forensic chemistry 17 45
32 Solid state chemistry 15 40
33 Heterocyclic chemistry 15 40
34 Surface and colloid chemistry 14 37
47
35 X-ray crystallography 14 37
36 Statistical thermodynamics 13 34
37 Asymmetric synthesis 11 29
38 Quantum chemistry 10 26
39 Radio chemistry 10 26
40 Symmetry and group theory 9 24
48
APPENDIX IV
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS

The following is a comprehensive list of basic laboratory equipments that will be
needed for practical classes of the Bachelor of Science in chemistry programme.
S/N Equipment Quantity Price Amount

required TShs TShs
1 Potential meters 2 450,000 900,000
2 Polarographic cells 2 600,000 1,200,000
3 Computers 4 1,000,000 4,000,000
4 Spectrometers 1 1,100,000 1,100,000
5 Turbid meters 2 555000 1,210,000
6 Thermo-balances (TGA) 1 4,000,000 4,000,000
7 Aspirators 4 10,000 40,000
8 Microwave-oven 2 200,000 400,000
9 Water baths (thermo stated, 3 1,500,000 4,500,000
unstirred) 2 1,000,000 3,000,000
10 Water baths (thermo stated, 2 1,500,000 1,500,000
stirred) 1 500,000 500,000
11 Cooling baths (stirred) 2 400,000 800,000
12 Refrigerators 2 450,000 900,000
13 Centrifuges 2 420,000 840,000
14 Dissolved oxygen meters 1 9,600,000 9,600,000
15 Digital multi-meter 1 9,600,000 9,600,000
16 Hydrogen generators 10 20,000 200,000
17 Nitrogen generators 10 20,000 200,000
18 Thermometers (-20 to 150 C) 1 2,200,000 2,200,000
19 Thermometers (-5 to 302) 4 2,200,000 8,800,000
20 Rotar-vaporators 2 1,300,000 2,600,000
21 Balances (analytical) 2 750,000 1,500,000
22 Balances (rough) 2 450,000 900,000
49
23 Water stills 1 1,200,000 1,200,000

24 Ovens 4 125000 500,000
25 Furnaces 4 150,000 600,000
26 Suction pumps 1 16,000,000 16,000,000
27 Developing tanks (TLC) 1 20,000,000 20,000,000
28 UV-spectrometer 1 56,000,000 56,000,000
29 IR-Spectrophotometer 20 22,000 440,000
30 Gas liquid Chromatography 10 15,000 150,000
31 Burettes 2 4,000,000 8,000,000
32 Pipettes 2 1,100,000 2,200,000
33 Flame photometers 4 540,000 2,160,000
34 Colorimeters 2 2,000,000 4,000,000
35 Conductivity meters 2 1,000,000 2,000,000
36 PH/ion meters 4 110,000 440,000
37 Hot plates (large) 5 80,000 400,000
38 Hot plates with stirrer 1 500,000 500,000
39 Magnetic stirrer 4 200,000 1,000,000
40 Ice-machines 1 2,690,000 2,690,000
41 Melting point apparatus 2 1,600,000 3,200,000
42 Refractometer 5 50,000 250,000
43 Shakers (platform) 2 800,000 1,600,000
44 Stop watches 1 1,200,000 1,200,000
45 Ultrasonic baths 1 1,500,000 1,500,000
Total 180,052,000
Sources:
1. COPE. Laboratory Equipment and Scientific Instruments, 2002.
2. Mettler Toledo. 2000.
3. Brinkmann Laboratory Products, 1999.
4. Scan Tanzania Limited, 2004
50
APPENDIX V
ESTIMATED BUDGET (BASED ON 2004/05 FIGURES) FOR PRACTICAL
TRAINING
1. Field allowances for TShs 6,000/= x 30 5,400,000/=

students students x 56 days
2. Return fare to and from Paid according to
field station destination and tarriffs
3. Transit allowance Paid for travel of over six
hours
4. Per diem for TShs 40,000/= x 6 1,680,000/=
Supervisors. persons x 7 days
5. Transport for TShs 7,000/= x 6 persons 294,000/=
Supervisors x 7 days
6. Transport for 6 TShs 130,000/= x 6 780,000/=
Supervisors persons
TOTAL 8,154,000/=

BSC (Chem) Final Version Jan05

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UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

PROPOSAL FOR A B.Sc. IN CHEMISTRY [B.Sc. (Chem.)] DEGREE

1.2 UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM MISSION

• To provide the labour market with highly competent professionals, able to

1.3 THE TANZANIA DEVELOPMENT VISION 2025

2.0 SHORTCOMINGS OF THE CURRENT CHEMISTRY

2.1 SHORTCOMINGS OF THE BSC (EDUCATION) PROGRAMME

Therefore, the framework of the current courses is based on basic concepts of

2.2 SHORTCOMINGS OF THE BSC (GENERAL) PROGRAMME

3.0 STRENGTHS OF THE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT AT UDSM

3.1 CURRENT DEGREE PROGRAMMES

3.2 HUMAN RESOURCES

3.3 PHYSICAL RESOURCES

To facilitate teaching, research and consultancy activities, the department houses

3.4 NEEDS ASSESSMENT SURVEY

In the recently semesterised chemistry curriculum, there is no room to teach as core

In order to obtain baseline information on this problem, the department organised a

The specific objectives of the survey were to:

gender imbalance in the chemical industry and chemistry related institutions.

3.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE BSC (CHEM) PROGRAMME

• To prepare graduates with a wide range of skills and knowledge of chemical

4.0 DURATION OF THE PROGRAMME

5.0 CAREER PROSPECTS

6.0 ENTRY QUALIFICATIONS

7.0 ENROLMENT PROJECTIONS

Current enrolment of chemistry students

YEAR NUMBER OF STUDENTS

ENROLMENT 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/2011

8.0 PROGRAMME DESIGN AND STRUCTURE

9.0 MARKETING OF THE NEW PROGRAMME

10.0 EXAMINATION REGULATIONS

11.0 MODE OF ASSESSMENT

12.0 STAFF TEACHING LOAD

1. Total number of lecture hours of theory

13.0 FINANCIAL IMPLICATION

COURSES FOR BSc. (CHEM.) PROGRAMME

NON CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES

TOTAL CORE UNITS FOR BSc (CHEM.) - (FIRST YEAR) = 28

CODE TITLE UNITS

FACULTY CORE COURSES

CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES

CH 200 Chemical Thermodynamics 2

TOTAL CORE UNITS FOR BSc. (CHEM.) – (SECOND YEAR) = 27

CODE NAME UNITS

STREAM A - ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES COMMON TO BSC (ANALYTICAL

CODE NAME UNITS

NON-CHEMISTRY CORE COURSE COMMON TO BSC

CODE NAME UNITS

CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,

CODE NAME UNITS

CH 371 Quality Control, Assurance and 2

TOTAL CORE UNITS FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY STREAM – (THIRD YEAR)

STREAM B - INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES COMMON TO BSC (ANALYTICAL

CODE NAME UNITS

NON-CHEMISTRY CORE COURSE COMMON TO BSC

CODE NAME UNITS

CHEMISTRY CORE COURSES FOR INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY,

CODE NAME UNITS

CH 311 Industrial Chemistry 2

TOTAL CORE UNITS FOR INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY STREAM – (THIRD YEAR)