Project Name: Glass Balustrade

Project name
Structural Calculation for

Glass Balustrade
Presented to:
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NFEStructural Ltd
Cariocca Business Park, 2 Sawley Road, Manchester, M40 8BB
Incorporated in England No. 10926287
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction & Loadings ................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Introduction / METHOD OF ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 3
1.2 Loadings .......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.0 Structural Materials ....................................................................................................................... 3
4.0 Structural Calculation ..................................................................................................................... 4
4.1 Glass Panel Assessment .................................................................................................................. 4
4.1.1 Drawing Extract/Overview .............................................................................................................. 4
3.2 Summary Table ............................................................................................................................... 5
Appendix A – Design Standard: Calculation of Glass Strength ...................................................................... 10
Appendix B - SFS intec Fastener Capacities ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
NFEStructural Ltd
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1.0 Introduction & Loadings
1.1 Introduction / METHOD OF ANALYSIS
The following structural analysis of the façade balustrade is carried out manually and with licensed
STAAD PRO FEA Software using linear analysis.
The software results have been checked by hand calculation for accuracy and safety.
1.2 Loadings
Dead Load:
Wind Load: A wind load of 1.35kN/m2 is considered here obtained from previous calculations.
Barrier Load: A UDL line load of 0.74kN/m at the top of the balustrade is considered.
2.0 Structural Materials

Toughened Glass (EN16612 - 8.2.1)
Bending and overall yielding (Po) 74N/mm2
As Calculated below
Design strength of Glass using appendix A

[0.663x 0.0051/16 x 1.0 x 45N/mm2]/1.8 + [1.0 x (120N/mm2 – 45N/mm2)]/1.2 = 74N/mm2
Glass properties
Density: 2500kg/m3
Young’s Modulus: 70kN/mm²
Co-efficient of linear thermal expansion: 9 x 10-6 per oC
2.1 Steel
Stainless steel 316

Bending and overall yielding (po) 205N/mm2
Local tension/compression (pa) 235N/mm2
Steel properties
Density: 7900kg/m3
Young’s Modulus: 190000N/mm²
Co-efficient of linear thermal expansion: 18 x 10-6 per oC
NFEStructural Ltd
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4.0 Structural Calculation
4.1 Glass Panel Assessment
4.1.1 Drawing Extract/Overview
3.2 Summary Table
Component 1: Slotted Head Corner Cleat

Thickness /Material 21.5 mm thick / SGP Low Iron Glass
Component 2: Balustrade Channel

Thickness / Material 10mm thick / Stainless Steel
Fixings: Fixing Component 2 to PFC

Dia /Material / centres M10 / Stainless Steel @ 200mm Centres
No & Fixings Ref 1No – M10 Stainless Steel Bolt Grade A1 Class 70
NFEStructural Ltd
Page | 4
3.2 Summary Table
Structural Model
Glass Construction:
The 21.5mm SGP Low IRON Glass of 508mm high and

3048mm long is modelled here form shell elements
with a thickness of 20mm assigned. Pin fixing
assigned 52mm from the bottom of the panel @
200mm centre with 100 min edge distance
Barrier Load Application
Here the self-weight of the glass and a barrier load of

0.74kN/m assigned to the top of the glass panel as
shown on the left.
Here the self-weight of the glass and a barrier load of

0.74kN/m assigned to the top of the glass panel as
shown on the left.
The self-weight of the glass and wind load is assigned

as face suction load of 1.804kN/m2 to the front face
Wind Load Application
of the glass panel as shown on the left.
NFEStructural Ltd
Page | 5
Max Deflection @ any Load Case
The max deflection is 0.83mm < 25mm so ok to

BS6180.
Max Deflection @ Corner’ barrier
Max Stress with Point Load @ Corner
The max factored stress with the Point Load applied

@ Corner’ barrier is
11.4N/mm2 < 74N/mm2 so ok.
Max Stress with variables UDL on top of the Glass
The max Factored stress with Horizontal variable ULD

applied on top of the glass is
8.33N/mm2 < 74N/mm2 so ok
NFEStructural Ltd
Page | 6
Max Stress @ Wind Load
The Max Factored stress with wind load applied as

area load on front face of the glass is
3.59N/mm2 < 74N/mm2 so ok
Max Reactions @ forces
NFEStructural Ltd
Page | 7
4.0 Glass Channel Assessment
Structural Model
The fin retainer rail/channel has been modelled

from shell elements with a thickness of 3mm and
aluminium properties assigned.
There is 1m length of rail modelled here.
The fixings into the mullion noses are at 300mm
centres.
The geometry of the rail is as per the diagram on
the left.
NFEStructural Ltd
Page | 8
Max Loading
The resulting line loads as calculated above have

been assigned to the front nose of the rail and to
the back corner to simulate the wedging/prying of
the glass fin in the rail and the resulting self-weight
assigned at the bottom of the rail as shown on the
left.
Max Deflection @ Max Load
The max deflection is 0.41mm at the indicated

location.
Max Stress in the Fin Rail
2 2
The max stress is: 51.5N/mm < 205N/mm so ok
NFEStructural Ltd
Page | 9
Max Reaction @ Fixings
Max Load to fixings

Max tensile force: NEd = 4059N
Equivalent shear force = 126N
M10 Bolt Capacities

Tensile Capacity: NRd = 20900N > 4059N
Shear Capacity: VRd = 18000N > 126N
Therefore OK
Use M10 Stainless Steel Bolt @200mm C/C
NFEStructural Ltd
Page | 10
Appendix A – Design Standard: Calculation of Glass Strength
NFEStructural Ltd
Page | 11

Project Name: Glass Balustrade

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Project Name: Glass Balustrade

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Structural Calculation for

Revision Generated by Date Reviewed by Date Comment

1.1 Introduction / METHOD OF ANALYSIS

2.0 Structural Materials

Design strength of Glass using appendix A

Stainless steel 316

4.1 Glass Panel Assessment

4.1.1 Drawing Extract/Overview

3.2 Summary Table

Component 1: Slotted Head Corner Cleat

Component 2: Balustrade Channel

Fixings: Fixing Component 2 to PFC

The 21.5mm SGP Low IRON Glass of 508mm high and

Barrier Load Application

Here the self-weight of the glass and a barrier load of

Here the self-weight of the glass and a barrier load of

The self-weight of the glass and wind load is assigned

The max deflection is 0.83mm < 25mm so ok to

Max Deflection @ Corner’ barrier

Max Stress with Point Load @ Corner

The max factored stress with the Point Load applied

Max Stress with variables UDL on top of the Glass

The max Factored stress with Horizontal variable ULD

The Max Factored stress with wind load applied as

Max Reactions @ forces

The fin retainer rail/channel has been modelled

The resulting line loads as calculated above have

Max Deflection @ Max Load

The max deflection is 0.41mm at the indicated

Max Stress in the Fin Rail

Max Load to fixings

M10 Bolt Capacities

Use M10 Stainless Steel Bolt @200mm C/C

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