Types of Food or Drink

aphrodisiac noun
a food, drink, or drug that makes people want to have sex

baby food noun

special food for babies that has been cut into small pieces and cooked so that it is soft
and smooth

base noun
a food or substance that is the main food or substance to which other things are added

burnt offering noun

HUMOROUS food that someone has burnt by mistake

carbohydrate noun
BIOLOGY a food that contains carbohydrates

comfort food noun

food that you enjoy very much and often eat when you are feeling sad

confectionery noun
sweet foods such as sweets and chocolates

convenience food noun

food that is quick and easy to prepare such as food that has already been cooked and
only needs to be heated. Fast food is food that you can get quickly in a restaurant.

creole adjective
creole food has the typical strong flavour of food from the southern
US and usually contains tomatoes, peppers, onions, and rice

dairy noun
dairy products

dairy adjective
dairy products include milk and foods that are made from milk, for example butter and
cheese

delicacy noun
a rare or expensive type of food

dry goods noun

BRITISH goods such as tea, coffee, and flour that contain no liquid

fast food noun

food that is made and served very quickly, especially food such as a BURGER that you can
take away with you

Frankenfood noun
INFORMAL, SHOWING DISAPPROVAL food that has been GENETICALLY MODIFIED

garnish noun
 something that you add to a dish of food to make it look more attractive

goodies noun
INFORMAL things that are nice to eat, such as cakes and chocolates

health food noun

food that is good for you because it does not contain artificial substances

iron rations noun

a supply of emergency food, especially food for the armed forces

junk food noun

food that is not healthy because it contains a lot of fat, salt, and sugar

macrobiotic adjective
macrobiotic foods are considered healthy because they consist of grains, seeds, fruits,
and vegetables produced without adding chemicals

meat noun
the flesh of an animal or bird eaten as food

munchies noun
AMERICAN INFORMAL small things to eat

nibbles noun
INFORMAL small pieces of food eaten at social events with drinks, for example CRISPS and
nuts

non-dairy adjective
non-dairy foods are not made from milk or cream

non-vegetarian adjective
non-vegetarian foods contain meat or other parts of animals

novel food noun

a type of food that has not been eaten before, including GENETICALLY MODIFIED substances
and products that lower CHOLESTEROL used especially in government documents

nutraceutical noun
a food or natural substance that people eat in order to feel more healthy

offal noun
the organs of animals that are eaten as food, for example the kidneys or liver

pap noun
MAINLY AMERICAN INFORMAL very soft food for babies or people who are too ill to eat ordinary
food

perishables noun
food that is perishable

produce noun
fruit, vegetables, and other things that farmers grow

savory
the American spelling of savoury
savoury noun
a small piece of food that tastes of salt or SPICES and is not sweet. Savouries are usually
served at parties as snacks .

seafood noun
fish and SHELLFISH that you can eat

slop noun
INFORMAL food that is not thick or solid enough and has no taste

soul food noun

MAINLY AMERICAN food that is traditionally eaten by black people in the southern US

staple noun
an important product, especially a food, that people eat or use regularly

staple diet noun

the main food or foods that a person or animal eats regularly

stodge noun
BRITISH food that is heavy and makes you feel too full

superfood noun
a food that is considered to be very good for your health and that may even help some
medical conditions

vegetable noun
a part of a plant used as food, for example a potato, bean, or CABBAGE

vegetable noun
relating to or produced from vegetables

veggie noun
SPOKEN a vegetable

wholefood noun
BRITISH food that does not contain artificial substances and has not been treated to make
it look better or last longer

Pies and Pastries

apple pie noun

a sweet food made from apples baked in PASTRY

choux pastry noun

soft, light PASTRY containing eggs that is used for making ECLAIRS and PROFITEROLES

cobbler noun
a type of food consisting of vegetables or fruit covered with a soft thick layer of PASTRY

Cornish pasty noun

BRITISH a small PIE for one person, with meat and potatoes inside
crust noun
a layer of cooked PASTRY that forms the outer part of a PIE . The inner part is called the
filling .

filo pastry noun

BRITISH very thin PASTRY mixture of flour and water

flaky pastry noun

a type of PASTRY that consists of a lot of thin layers

flan noun
BRITISH a cake or PIE without a top that has a filling of cheese, fruit, or vegetables

mince pie noun

a type of PIE that is filled with mincemeat, usually eaten at Christmas

pastry noun
a food made by mixing flour, fat, and water. The mixture is rolled flat and used for
making PIES and other food.

pasty noun
BRITISH a food made by folding PASTRY around meat, cheese, or vegetables, then baking it

pie noun
a food that consists of meat, vegetables, or fruit cooked inside a case of PASTRY or below
a layer of it

pie crust noun

the PASTRY covering of a PIE

pork pie noun

a British food consisting of cooked pork in a PASTRY case

puff noun
a type of small PIE made of PASTRY with something soft inside

puff pastry noun

a type of PASTRY that is very light and has a lot of air in it

quiche noun
a food that consists of a base made of PASTRY and a top part made by mixing together
eggs and cheese, and often other foods. It is cooked in an oven.

rissole noun
a food made from meat or fish cut into very small pieces, pressed into a flat round
shape or a ball and cooked in oil

sausage roll noun

BRITISH a food that consists of a tube of PASTRY with sausage meat inside it

shortcrust pastry noun

a type of PASTRY made from flour, butter, and water
strudel noun
a type of PASTRY with fruit or nuts inside

tart noun
 a PIE that has no top and is filled with vegetables, fruit etc

turnover noun
a sweet food like a small PIE , filled with fruit

vol-au-vent noun
a food that consists of a round piece of PASTRY that is baked and then filled with meat or
vegetables

Cakes and Biscuits

baking sheet noun

a BAKING TRAY

biscuit noun
BRITISH a type of small flat dry cake that is usually sweet and round. The usual American
word is cookie

brandy snap noun

a sweet hard BISCUIT in the shape of a tube, flavoured with GINGER

brownie noun
a type of flat chocolate cake, served in squares

bun noun
BRITISH a small round cake, especially with a sweet sticky surface

buttercream noun
a soft sweet food made of sugar and butter, used on top of or between the layers of a
cake

cake noun
a sweet food made by baking a mixture that usually contains sugar, eggs, flour, and
butter or oil

cake mix noun

a powder that you add eggs and milk or water to and then bake in the oven to make a
cake

centre noun
the middle of a chocolate, sweet, or cake

cheesecake noun
a type of cake made of BISCUITS , soft cheese, and sometimes fruit

Chelsea bun noun

a small round cake with dried fruit in it and sugar on the top

chocolate chip cookie noun

a type of BISCUIT that contains small pieces of chocolate
Christmas cake noun
BRITISH a heavy FRUIT CAKE eaten at Christmas in the UK

cone noun
 a cone shape that you put ice cream in and eat

cookie noun
MAINLY AMERICAN a small sweet BISCUIT

cornet noun
BRITISH OLD-FASHIONED a CONE for ICE CREAM

cracker noun
a type of thin dry hard BISCUIT often eaten with cheese

cream cracker noun

BRITISH a thin dry hard BISCUIT usually eaten with cheese

creampuff noun
a small light cake that is empty inside and can be filled with WHIPPED CREAM

crispbread noun
BRITISH a thin hard BISCUIT made from RYE or wheat

crumpet noun
BRITISH a flat round cake eaten hot with butter

cupcake noun
a small round cake with ICING a thick sweet substance made from sugar on top

Danish noun
INFORMAL a DANISH PASTRY

Danish pastry noun

a flat sweet cake for one person, containing fruit and nuts and often with ICING on the
top

devil’s food cake noun

a type of chocolate cake often eaten in the US

digestive biscuit noun

in the UK, a type of BISCUIT that is made from wheat and is slightly sweet

duff noun
BRITISH a type of cake

Eccles cake noun

a type of small cake filled with dried CURRANTS fruit

éclair noun
a type of cake shaped like a tube with chocolate on top and cream inside

fairy cake noun

BRITISH a small round cake, usually with ICING on top

filling noun
the cream, fruit etc that forms the inside part of a cake or PIE

flan noun
BRITISH a cake or PIE without a top that has a filling of cheese, fruit, or vegetables
flapjack noun
BRITISH a BISCUIT made of OATS , butter, and SYRUP

fortune cookie noun

a hard thin Chinese BISCUIT that has a piece of paper inside with a message about your
future on it

frosting noun
AMERICAN ICING for a cake

fruitcake noun
a heavy cake containing DRIED FRUIT

gateau noun
a large cake decorated or filled with sweet foods such as fruit, cream, and chocolate

gingerbread noun
a type of cake made with GINGER

gingerbread man noun

a BISCUIT with a GINGER flavour in the shape of a person

ginger nut noun

a type of BISCUIT that has a strong GINGER flavour

glacé icing noun

BRITISH a sugar layer for a cake that makes it look smooth and shiny

hot cross bun noun

a sweet cake for one person, marked with a small cross on the top and traditionally
eaten at Easter

ice-cream cone noun

a hard thin BISCUIT shaped like a CONE , that you can put ice cream in, or one of these
with ice cream in it

macaroon noun
a type of BISCUIT made from sugar, EGG WHITE , and nuts

Madeira cake noun

BRITISH a type of pale yellow cake

muffin noun
a small sweet cake that often contains fruit

oatcake noun
a BISCUIT that people usually eat with cheese and other SAVOURY foods, made from oats

pancake noun
a small thick round cake made in the same way
pastry noun
a type of cake made from sweet pastry

patisserie noun
the cakes that a patisserie sells
petit four noun
a type of small sweet cake or biscuit

piping noun
thin lines of cream, ICING etc put on food as a decoration

pretzel noun
a type of CRACKER that people often eat between meals or with beer. It is baked in the
shape of a stick or a knot and covered with salt.

profiterole noun
a small round PASTRY shaped like a small ball that is filled with cream and has chocolate
on the top

rock cake noun

BRITISH a small hard cake with a rough surface that has dried fruit inside

sandwich noun
BRITISH a cake made of two layers with JAM or cream in the middle

scone noun
a small soft cake that sometimes contains dried fruit. You usually eat scones with
butter.

Scotch pancake noun

BRITISH a small thick flat round cake made of eggs, flour, and milk, usually eaten with
butter

shortbread noun
a hard sweet BISCUIT made with a large amount of butter

shortcake noun
BRITISH SHORTBREAD

shortcake noun
a plain type of cake that is usually served with fruit and cream on top of it

simnel cake noun

BRITISH a type of cake containing dried fruit, traditionally eaten at Easter

sponge noun
BRITISH SPONGE CAKE

sponge cake noun

a very light type of cake made with flour, eggs, and sugar

swiss roll noun

BRITISH a cake made by rolling a thin flat cake with a sweet substance such as JAM spread
on top into a shape like a tube

teacake noun
BRITISH a type of small round cake with RAISINS in it

tray bake noun

a cake made on a BAKING TRAY and cut into square pieces
wafer noun
a very thin BISCUIT

waffle noun
a flat cake that has deep square marks on both sides

water biscuit noun

BRITISH a thin light BISCUIT that is often eaten with cheese

Types of Cheese

blue cheese noun

a strong-tasting cheese that is white or pale yellow and has blue lines in it

Camembert noun
a type of soft round French cheese with a white skin

cheddar noun
a type of hard yellow cheese

cheese noun
a solid food made from milk

cottage cheese noun

a soft white cheese that does not contain much fat

cream cheese noun

a type of thick soft smooth white cheese that does not have a strong taste

Edam noun
a round, light yellow cheese covered with red WAX , made in the Netherlands

feta noun
a white Greek cheese made from the milk of sheep or goats

fromage frais noun

a soft smooth white cheese used like YOGURT

Gorgonzola noun
a type of soft white and blue Italian cheese with a strong taste

Gouda noun
a type of hard yellow cheese with a fairly strong flavour that is made in Holland

Gruyère noun
a type of hard Swiss cheese with holes in it

mozzarella noun
a type of soft white Italian cheese with a flavour that is not strong

Parmesan noun
a hard Italian cheese with a strong flavour, often used on pasta

ricotta noun
 a very soft white Italian cheese

Stilton noun
a type of white cheese, often with blue lines through it

Swiss cheese noun

a type of cheese with a lot of holes in it

Types of Bread

bagel noun
a type of bread that is small and round with a hole in the middle

baguette noun
a long thin LOAF of bread made in the French style, soft inside and hard outside

bannock noun
SCOTTISH a flat BREAD ROLL made from OATS or BARLEY

bap noun
BRITISH a large soft BREAD ROLL

biscuit noun
AMERICAN a small round soft bread roll

blini noun
a Russian food that is like a thin flat bread made from BUCKWHEAT and is often eaten with
CAVIAR and SOUR CREAM

bread noun
a common food made from flour, water, and usually YEAST a substance that makes the
bread grow larger . Bread is usually sold in a large piece called a loaf or made into
smaller pieces called rolls . You usually cut bread into slices to eat it

breadcrumbs noun
very small pieces of bread that can be used in cooking

brioche noun
a type of sweet French bread

bun noun
a small round piece of bread

chapati noun
a type of thin flat Indian bread

ciabatta noun
a type of flat Italian bread made with OLIVE OIL

cob noun
BRITISH a round LOAF of bread

croissant noun
a type of light bread with a curved shape that is usually eaten for breakfast
crouton noun
a small piece of hard bread served on soup and in salads

farmhouse loaf noun

BRITISH a large long piece of white bread with a curved top

French bread noun

bread in the form of a long thin stick that is soft on the inside and hard on the outside

French loaf noun

a FRENCH STICK

French stick noun

a long thin LOAF of bread made in the French style, that is soft on the inside and hard on
the outside

Granary
TRADEMARK BRITISH Granary bread is made with flour that contains whole grains of wheat

loaf noun
bread in a long, round, or square shape that you cut into SLICES thin flat pieces for
eating. A sliced loaf has been cut into slices before it is sold

matzo noun
a type of flat bread traditionally eaten by Jewish people during the Passover holiday

muffin noun
BRITISH a flat round type of bread, usually cut in half and eaten hot with butter. The
American word is English muffin .

naan noun
a type of flat bread from India and Central Asia

nan
another spelling of naan

paratha noun
a flat Indian bread that you cook in a pan

pita bread
the American spelling of pitta bread

pitta bread noun

a type of flat bread that is eaten especially with Middle Eastern food

poppadom noun
a type of round thin Indian bread that is cooked in hot oil
pumpernickel noun
a type of dark bread that is made from RYE

roll noun
bread in the form of a small round or long shape

roti noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a type of flat round bread
rusk noun
BRITISH a type of hard dry bread that babies and young children eat

rye noun
MAINLY AMERICAN bread made from rye grain

rye bread noun

a type of bread made from rye flour

saltine noun
AMERICAN a thin dry BISCUIT that usually has salt on top of it

sliced bread noun

bread that is cut into slices before it is sold

sourdough noun
a mixture of flour, water, and YEAST that is allowed to FERMENT and then used for making
bread

tortilla noun
a type of thin flat Mexican bread that is often rolled or folded and filled with cheese,
beans, or meat

Sandwiches, Rolls and Toast

beefburger noun
MAINLY AMERICAN a sandwich made of loose minced beef

BLT noun
a sandwich filled with BACON , LETTUCE , and tomato

bruschetta noun
Italian bread spread with oil, or oil and tomatoes, then TOASTED

burger noun
meat from a cow cut up into very small pieces that is cooked in a flat round
MINCED BEEF
shape and served in a bread roll

burger noun
pieces of meat or vegetable that are pressed together, cooked in a flat round shape,
and served in a bread roll

burrito noun
a type of Mexican food made with a TORTILLA a piece of flat thin bread that is folded over
and filled with meat or beans and cheese
butty noun
BRITISH INFORMAL a SANDWICH 1

canapé noun
a small BISCUIT or piece of bread with food such as cheese or meat on top, served with
drinks at a party

club sandwich noun

 a thick sandwich that consists of three SLICES of bread with two layers of meat or cheese
in between

doner kebab noun

BRITISH a Middle Eastern meal that consists of flat pieces of cooked LAMB , served in a PITTA
BREAD with salad

doorstep noun
BRITISH INFORMAL a very thick sandwich or piece of bread

double-decker noun
MAINLY AMERICAN a CLUB SANDWICH

enchilada noun
a Mexican food consisting of a piece of flat bread rolled up and filled with meat and
cheese

French toast noun

MAINLY AMERICAN bread covered in raw egg and milk and cooked in hot fat

hero noun
AMERICAN a type of sandwich that consists of meat, cheese, and vegetables on a long
narrow piece of bread

hot dog noun

a sandwich that consists of two narrow pieces of bread with a SAUSAGE tube of meat
inside

melba toast noun

very thin pieces of bread that have been heated until they are hard and break easily

open sandwich noun

BRITISH a sandwich made using one piece of bread, with no top piece

rarebit noun
WELSH RAREBIT

roll noun
a bread roll filled with meat, cheese etc

round noun
BRITISH a sandwich or sandwiches made from two SLICES of bread

sandwich noun
a light meal that you make by putting a layer of food such as meat, cheese, or egg
between two pieces of bread
sanger noun
AUSTRALIAN INFORMAL a SANDWICH 1

sarnie noun
BRITISH SPOKEN a SANDWICH 1

submarine sandwich noun

AMERICAN a sandwich made with meat, cheese, tomatoes etc on a long narrow piece of
bread

toast noun
bread that has been heated until its outside is brown and hard
toastie noun
BRITISH a sandwich that has been TOASTED

tortilla noun
a type of thin flat Mexican bread that is often rolled or folded and filled with cheese,
beans, or meat

Welsh rarebit noun

a meal of cheese sauce poured over bread and cooked

wrap noun
a type of sandwich made with flat round bread that is wrapped around meat, salad, or
vegetables

Types of Pasta

cannelloni noun
tubes of pasta filled with a meat or cheese mixture

fettuccine noun
pasta in the form of long narrow flat pieces

linguine noun
a type of pasta in the form of long thin flat pieces

macaroni noun
a type of pasta in the form of short curved tubes

noodle noun
a type of pasta in the form of long thin pieces that cook quickly

ravioli noun
a type of pasta made in small squares with meat, cheese, or vegetables inside

rigatoni noun
a type of pasta in the form of short tubes

spaghetti noun
a type of pasta in the form of long thin pieces like string

tagliatelle noun
a type of pasta in the form of long thin flat pieces

vermicelli noun
a type of pasta like very thin SPAGHETTI

Savoury Sauces and Vinegars

aioli noun
a sauce made from MAYONNAISE and GARLIC

aspic noun
 a clear slightly brown JELLY that you put fish or meat into and allow to become cold
before eating

balsamic vinegar noun

an expensive type of sweet dark VINEGAR

barbecue sauce noun

a special sauce used for adding flavour to food, especially meat, before cooking it on a
barbecue

broth noun
a liquid used for giving flavour when cooking

brown sauce noun

BRITISH a dark cold sauce containing fruit and SPICES , eaten with meat

catsup noun
AMERICAN KETCHUP

chutney noun
a cold food made from fruit, SPICES , and VINEGAR , eaten with meat or cheese

coulis noun
a smooth sauce made from crushed fruit or vegetables

dip noun
a thick cold sauce for dipping pieces of food into before eating them

dressing noun
AMERICAN STUFFING that you put inside meat

dripping noun
BRITISH fat and juice that is produced by meat when it is cooked

French dressing noun

a sauce for pouring over salads, made from oil, VINEGAR , salt, pepper, and sometimes
HERBS

gravy noun
a sauce made from the juices of cooked meat mixed with flour

guacamole noun
a sauce made from crushed AVOCADO , often eaten with Mexican food

hollandaise sauce noun

a smooth sauce made with the YOLKS of eggs the yellow part , butter, and lemon juice
Hollandaise sauce is sometimes simply called hollandaise .
horseradish noun
sauce made from horseradish that is eaten cold with meat

jelly noun
a sauce that is made with meat juice and is made solid by adding GELATINE

juice noun
the liquid that comes out of something, especially meat, when you cook it
jus noun
a thin sauce made from meat juice

ketchup noun
a thick red sauce made from tomatoes

marinade noun
a liquid that you put food into to give it a special flavour before cooking it

mayo noun
INFORMAL MAYONNAISE

mayonnaise noun
a thick white sauce made from egg YOLKS and oil, eaten especially with salads and cold
food

mint sauce noun

a sauce made from MINT leaves, VINEGAR , and sugar, and usually eaten with LAMB or other
meat

oyster sauce noun

a sauce made with OYSTERS , used in East Asian cooking

pesto noun
a thick green sauce made with OLIVE OIL , BASIL , and PINE NUTS

piccalilli noun
a thick yellow sauce containing small pieces of onion and other vegetables, eaten cold
with other cold foods or on sandwiches

pickle noun
BRITISH a thick sauce consisting of vegetables or fruit preserved in VINEGAR , eaten
especially with cold food

purée noun
food that has been mixed or crushed to form a thick smooth sauce

relish noun
a cold sauce that you put on food such as BEEFBURGERS

salad cream noun

BRITISH a yellow sauce similar to MAYONNAISE , served on a salad

salsa noun
a sauce made from tomatoes, onions, CHILLI peppers, and SPICES , served with Mexican or
Spanish food
satay noun
a sauce made from PEANUTS and served with satay

sauce noun
a liquid food that you put on other foods to give them a particular flavour

soy noun
SOY SAUCE
soy sauce noun
a dark brown sauce made from SOYA BEANS

stock noun
a liquid made by boiling meat, bones, or vegetables and used for making soups and
sauces

stock cube noun

a small dried block of meat or vegetable juices

stuffing noun
food that has been cut into small pieces and placed inside meat or vegetables

Tabasco
TRADEMARK a red sauce used for adding a strong flavour to foods

tartare sauce noun

a white sauce that you eat cold with fish

vinaigrette noun
a sauce for salads and cold vegetables, made from oil, VINEGAR , and SPICES

vinegar noun
a sour liquid made by allowing wine or CIDER to become acid, used for adding flavour to
food

wasabi noun
a sauce with a very strong taste that is eaten with Japanese food

white sauce noun

a sauce made from flour, milk, and butter

wine vinegar noun

a type of VINEGAR made from wine

Worcester sauce noun

a brown sauce with a strong taste that you buy in bottles and use for adding flavour to
food

Sweet Sauces

brandy butter noun

BRITISH a thick sweet brandy-flavoured butter that you eat with CHRISTMAS PUDDING

butterscotch noun
a type of sweet or a sweet sauce that is made by boiling brown sugar and butter
together

conserve noun
large pieces of fruit in a thick SYRUP

custard noun
a sweet yellow sauce made from milk, eggs, and sugar
custard noun
a soft, firm sweet food made from a mixture of milk, eggs, and sugar

maple syrup noun

a thick sweet liquid taken from maple trees and used as a sauce

sauce noun
a liquid food that you put on other foods to give them a particular flavour

syrup noun
a sweet thick liquid made from sugar and other sweet substances, used as a sauce

Food Spread on Bread

butter noun
a solid yellow food made from cream that you spread on bread or use in cooking

caviar noun
fish eggs eaten as food, usually spread on bread. In many countries caviar is
considered to be a special and expensive food, eaten mainly by rich people.

jam noun
a sweet sticky food made from boiled fruit and sugar that is usually spread onto bread

jelly noun
a sweet sticky food that is made from boiled fruit juice and sugar and is often spread
on bread

lemon curd noun

a sweet food containing lemon juice that you spread on bread

marmalade noun
a sweet food made from cooked fruit such as oranges or lemons that is usually spread
onto bread and eaten at breakfast

Marmite
TRADEMARKBRITISH a food made from YEAST and cooked vegetables that is spread onto bread
or used for adding flavour to other foods

paste noun
a food made by crushing meat, fish, or vegetables. It can be added to other food in
cooking or spread on bread

pâté noun
a soft food made from meat, fish, or vegetables that you spread on bread

peanut butter noun

a soft food made by crushing peanuts that you usually spread on bread

preserve noun
a sweet food made by boiling fruit and sugar together. A more usual word is jam .

spread noun
 soft food that you put on bread and similar foods

Vegemite
a type of food from Australia, made from YEAST a substance that is used in
TRADEMARK
making bread and alcohol and usually spread on bread

yeast extract noun

a dark brown food made from yeast, usually spread on bread

Bread Baking and Ingredients

bake verb
to make bread, cakes etc using an oven

bakery noun
a building where bread, cakes etc are made or sold

crust noun
the hard brown outer part of a LOAF of bread

crusty adjective
crusty bread is covered with a hard CRUST

dough noun
a mixture of flour, water, fat etc that is baked to make bread or PASTRY

knead verb
to prepare DOUGH or clay by pressing it continuously

leaven verb
to add YEAST to a bread mixture so that it will contain air and will be bigger and lighter

leaven noun
a substance such as YEAST that is added to a bread mixture so that it will contain air and
will be bigger and lighter

poppyseed noun
small black seeds from POPPY flowers that are put on the surface of some types of bread
or cakes

prove verb
if bread proves, it increases in size before it is baked because of the YEAST it contains

rise verb
if something such as bread or a cake rises, it increases in size and height when it is
cooked or when YEAST is added

unleavened adjective
unleavened bread is flat or heavy because it contains no YEAST

yeast noun
a white substance used for making bread rise or for making beer
Sweets and Other Confectionery

barley sugar noun

a hard sweet made from boiled sugar

boiled sweet noun

BRITISH a hard sweet, especially one that tastes of fruit

bubble gum noun

a type of brightly coloured CHEWING GUM that you can blow into to form a BUBBLE

candy noun
AMERICAN sweets or CONFECTIONERY

candy noun
AMERICAN a sweet

candyfloss noun
BRITISH a sweet food consisting of very thin strings of sugar wrapped around a stick. The
American word is cotton candy .

caramel noun
a sweet made from sugar, butter, and milk

chew noun
BRITISH a hard sweet that you have to chew until it is soft enough to swallow

chewing gum noun

a type of sweet, usually flavoured with MINT, that you chew for a long time but do not
swallow

choc noun
BRITISH INFORMAL a CHOCOLATE

choccy noun
BRITISH INFORMAL a CHOCOLATE

chocolate noun
a small sweet made from chocolate

cotton candy noun

AMERICAN CANDYFLOSS

dark chocolate noun

chocolate that is darker in colour than milk chocolate because it does not have any
milk added to it

drop noun
a small round sweet

Easter egg noun

a chocolate egg that you give to someone as a present at Easter
fondant noun
a small piece of fondant eaten as a sweet

gobstopper noun
a large hard round sweet

gum noun
CHEWING GUM

gumdrop noun
a firm fruit sweet made of JELLY and covered with sugar

humbug noun
a type of hard black and white sweet that tastes of PEPPERMINT

ice lolly noun

BRITISH a piece of sweet flavoured ice or ICE CREAM on a stick. The American word is
popsicle .

jelly baby noun

BRITISH a soft brightly coloured sweet with a fruit flavour that is shaped like a person

jelly bean noun

a soft brightly coloured sweet that is shaped like a bean

licorice
the American spelling of liquorice

liquorice noun
a black substance with a strong flavour, used for making sweets and medicines

liquorice noun
a sweet that is made from liquorice

lollipop noun
a hard sweet on the end of a stick

marshmallow noun
a soft pink or white sweet with a thick round shape

milk chocolate noun

chocolate made with milk. Chocolate made without milk is called plain chocolate .

mint noun
a sweet that tastes like PEPPERMINT

nougat noun
a sweet food made of sugar, nuts, and small pieces of fruit

pastille noun
a round sweet with a fruit flavour

peppermint noun
a sweet with a peppermint flavour

plain chocolate noun

 BRITISH a type of chocolate made without milk and with very little sugar. The American
word is dark chocolate .

Popsicle
TRADEMARK AMERICAN an ICE LOLLY

praline noun
a sweet made by boiling nuts in sugar

praline noun
a chocolate sweet filled with a soft substance made from sugar and crushed nuts

rock noun
BRITISH a hard sweet in the shape of a solid tube called a stick Rock is usually sold in
SEASIDE towns and has the name of the town written in it .

sherbet noun
BRITISH powder with a FIZZY taste that is eaten as a sweet

sucker noun
AMERICAN INFORMAL a LOLLIPOP

sweet noun
BRITISH a small piece of sweet food made with sugar. The usual American word is candy

toffee noun
a sweet sticky brown food made by cooking sugar, butter, and water at a high
temperature, or a sweet made of this

toffee apple noun

an apple covered in toffee and put on a stick

truffle noun
a soft chocolate sweet that often has alcohol in it

tuck noun
BRITISH OLD-FASHIONED sweets

Turkish delight noun

a type of sweet made from square pieces of firm JELLY covered with sugar

Sweet Food and Desserts

angelica noun
stems of a tall plant that are boiled in sugar and used for decorating cakes

apple pie noun

a sweet food made from apples baked in PASTRY

banana split noun

a sweet food that consists of a BANANA with ICE CREAM , cream, sauce, and nuts
blancmange noun
BRITISH a soft sweet food eaten as a DESSERT . It is made mainly from milk and sugar.

brown sugar noun

sugar that is brown and has not been REFINED made pure or has been only partly refined

cake noun
a sweet food made by baking a mixture that usually contains sugar, eggs, flour, and
butter or oil

caramel noun
burnt sugar used for colouring and flavouring food

carob noun
a sweet brown powder that tastes like chocolate and is made from the seeds of a
Mediterranean tree

caster sugar noun

BRITISH white sugar in the form of very small grains, used especially in cooking

castor sugar
another spelling of caster sugar

choc-ice noun
BRITISH an ICE CREAM covered with a layer of chocolate, shaped like a small block

chocolate noun
a sweet brown food eaten as a sweet or used for flavouring other food

Christmas pudding noun

BRITISH a sweet food made with dried fruits and SPICES substances that flavour food ,
eaten at Christmas

coconut milk noun

the sweet thin liquid contained in a COCONUT , used in drinks and in Asian and Caribbean
cooking

compote noun
a sweet food made from fruit cooked with sugar

confection noun
FORMAL a sweet food, especially a cake

crème caramel noun

a sweet food made from cream, eggs, and sugar

crisp noun
AMERICAN a CRUMBLE

crumble noun
BRITISH a sweet food made from pieces of fruit covered with a mixture of flour, butter,
and sugar, and baked in an oven

demerara sugar noun

BRITISH a type of rough pale brown sugar
donut noun
MAINLY AMERICAN a DOUGHNUT

doughnut noun
a round sweet food, often in the shape of a ring, that is made by cooking dough in oil

dumpling noun
a sweet food consisting of PASTRY filled with fruit

flan noun
AMERICAN a CRÈME CARAMEL

fondant noun
a very soft sweet food made from sugar and water, usually spread over cakes as ICING

fool noun
a sweet food made from crushed cooked fruit mixed with cream and served cold

fruit cocktail noun

a food consisting of small pieces of different types of fruit, often sold in TINS

fruit salad noun

a food consisting of small pieces of different types of fresh fruit, usually eaten as a
DESSERT

fudge noun
a soft brown sweet food made from sugar, butter, and milk or cream

fudge noun
MAINLY AMERICAN a sweet soft chocolate that is spread on cakes or poured over ice cream

golden syrup noun

BRITISH a sweet sticky yellow food made from sugar

granulated sugar noun

sugar in the form of small white grains, used especially for adding to cups of tea and
coffee

gur noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a type of dark brown sugar that you buy in solid pieces, not small grains

honey noun
a sweet, sticky yellow or brown food made by BEES

ice noun
BRITISH OLD-FASHIONED an ICE CREAM

ice cream noun

a frozen sweet food made from cream or milk and sugar, often with fruit or chocolate
added to flavour it

ice cream noun

BRITISH an amount of ice cream for one person

icing noun
a substance used to cover or fill cakes. Icing is made by mixing sugar with water or
butter.
icing sugar noun
BRITISH a type of sugar that has been made into a powder and is used to make icing to
cover cakes. The American word is confectioner’s sugar .

jaggery noun
INDIAN ENGLISH in South Asia, brown sugar from SUGAR CANE or from a PALM tree

Jell-O
TRADEMARK AMERICAN JELLY that is made from fruit juice, sugar, and GELATINE

jelly noun
BRITISH a soft sweet food made from fruit juice, sugar, and GELATINE that you can see
through and that shakes when you touch it

junket noun
a sweet food made from milk that was popular in the past

knickerbocker glory noun

BRITISH ICE CREAM in a tall glass with sweet sauce and cream

lolly noun
BRITISH an ICE-LOLLY

lolly noun
BRITISH a LOLLIPOP

lump noun
a solid piece of sugar with a square shape

marzipan noun
a sweet food made from sugar and ALMONDS that is used for decorating cakes and making
sweets

meringue noun
a sweet food made from a mixture of sugar and EGG WHITES

milk pudding noun

BRITISH a sweet food made by cooking a mixture of milk, sugar, and rice or a similar
grain in the oven

mincemeat noun
a sweet food made by mixing small pieces of DRIED FRUIT and SPICES , used especially to
make mince pies

molasses noun
AMERICAN TREACLE

mousse noun
a cold sweet food made with cream, eggs, and fruit or chocolate

parfait noun
AMERICAN a sweet food consisting of layers of fruit and ICE CREAM , served in a tall glass

pavlova noun
 BRITISH a sweet food that consists of cream and fruit on top of MERINGUE

peach melba noun

a sweet food that consists of half a PEACH with ICE CREAM and RASPBERRY sauce on top

plum pudding noun

BRITISH OLD-FASHIONED CHRISTMAS PUDDING

pudding noun
a soft sweet food that you eat at the end of a meal

pudding noun
AMERICAN a sweet food like thick cream, usually flavoured with fruit or chocolate,
MAINLY
eaten as a DESSERT

rice pudding noun

a sweet food made from rice cooked with milk and sugar

roly-poly noun
BRITISH a sweet food made by spreading JAM or fruit on a piece of PASTRY that is then rolled
up and cooked

semolina noun
a sweet food made by cooking grains of crushed wheat with milk and sugar

sherbet noun
AMERICAN a SORBET

sorbet noun
a sweet food made from fruit juice, ice, and sugar

sponge pudding noun

BRITISH a sweet food that is made with eggs, butter, flour, and sugar and is eaten hot

spotted dick noun

a type of sweet PUDDING that has dried fruit such as CURRANTS in it

sugar noun
a sweet substance consisting of very small white or brown pieces that is added to food
or drinks to make them taste sweet

sugar cube noun

a small hard piece of sugar with six sides that you put in a hot drink

sugar lump noun

a SUGAR CUBE

summer pudding noun

BRITISH a sweet food that is made by putting pieces of bread around the sides of a bowl
and filling it with a mixture of soft fruits

sundae noun
ICE CREAM served with a sweet sauce, and nuts, fruit, and SYRUP

syllabub noun
a sweet food made from cream, sugar, fruit juice, and wine
syrup noun
a sweet liquid made from sugar and water

syrup noun
a sweet thick yellow liquid made from sugar, used especially in cooking

treacle noun
BRITISH a thick sweet black liquid used in cooking

trifle noun
a sweet food eaten especially in the UK, made from cake covered with fruit or JELLY ,
cold CUSTARD , and sometimes cream

turnover noun
a sweet food like a small PIE , filled with fruit

tutti frutti noun

a type of ICE CREAM that contains small pieces of different types of fruit

water ice noun

BRITISH OLD-FASHIONED a SORBET

whip noun
a sweet soft food made with cream and flavours or fruit

yoghurt noun
a food made from milk that has become thick and slightly SOUR , sometimes with fruit
added to it

yogurt
another spelling of yoghurt

raspberry chocolate etc ripple

ICE-CREAM that has lines of a RASPBERRY chocolate etc flavoured substance in it

Types of Milk and Cream

clotted cream noun

very thick cream made by heating milk until large lumps of cream form

condensed milk noun

thick sweet milk that is sold in cans

cream noun
a thick yellowish-white liquid taken from the top of milk

creamer noun
a white liquid or powder used instead of milk or cream

crème fraîche noun

a type of thick cream with a slightly sour flavour
double cream noun
BRITISH thick cream that becomes almost solid when you mix it quickly

evaporated milk noun

thick milk sold in TINS and often poured on fruit or sweet food

full-cream adjective
BRITISH full-cream milk has had no cream removed. Semi-skimmed milk has had about
half of its cream removed, and skimmed milk has had almost all of its cream
removed.

full-fat adjective
BRITISH full-fat milk, cream, cheese, or YOGHURT has had no fat removed

half-and-half noun
AMERICAN a mixture of equal parts of milk and cream that you put into coffee or tea

homogenized adjective
homogenized milk has had the cream mixed in so that it will not separate

milk noun
a white liquid that comes from cows, goats, and sheep, which people drink and use in
cooking. Cheese and other foods made from milk are called dairy products

pasteurized adjective
if a liquid such as milk is pasteurized, it has been heated to a temperature that kills all
the harmful bacteria

semi-skimmed adjective
BRITISH semi-skimmed milk has had a lot of the fat removed

single cream noun

BRITISH thin cream that has little fat in it

skimmed milk noun

milk that has had the cream removed from it. The usual American word is skim milk .

sour cream noun

thick cream with a sour flavour
soya milk noun
a white liquid from soya beans, used as a drink and in cooking

UHT milk noun

milk that has been heated to a very high temperature so that it stays fresh for longer

whipping cream noun

a thick type of cream that can be made very stiff

semi-skimmed noun

Sea Food

lobster noun
a lobster cooked and eaten as food
mussel noun
a small SHELLFISH with a soft body inside a hard black or green shell, often cooked and
eaten as food

octopus noun
this animal eaten as food

oyster noun
a type of SHELLFISH that has a rough shell and is eaten as food, often raw. Some types of
oyster contain pearls small white jewels .

scallop noun
a scallop eaten as food

scampi noun
BRITISH large PRAWNS covered with BREADCRUMBS , cooked in hot oil and eaten as food

shellfish noun
these creatures used as food

shrimp noun
a shrimp eaten as food

squid noun
this animal eaten as food

winkle noun
a type of small SHELLFISH that can be eaten as food

Offal

brains noun
the brain of an animal cooked and eaten as food

giblets noun
the liver, heart, and neck of POULTRY chickens etc that you remove before you cook it

kidney noun
the kidney of some animals eaten as food

liver noun
the liver of some animals eaten as food

sweetbread noun
the PANCREAS small organ in the body of a young farm animal, cooked and eaten

tongue noun
the tongue of an animal cooked and eaten as food

tripe noun
the stomach of a cow or a sheep eaten as food
Fish Eaten as Food

bass noun
this fish eaten as food

bloater noun
a sea fish that is eaten as food

bouillabaisse noun
a soup made from fish and vegetables

bream noun
this fish eaten as food

bream noun
this fish eaten as food

chowder noun
a thick soup usually made with fish or SHELLFISH , milk or cream, and vegetables

cod noun
this fish eaten as food

eel noun
a long thin fish that looks like a snake and can be eaten

filet
another spelling of fillet 1

fillet noun
a single side of the body of a fish, with the bones removed

fish noun
fish eaten as food. Fish and other sea animals such as SHRIMPS are called seafood .

fishcake noun
a flat round food made from pieces of fish and potato covered in BREADCRUMBS and then
cooked

fishcake noun
a type of Asian food that is made from fish and is usually served with rice and
vegetables

fish finger noun

BRITISH a food that consists of a long thin piece of fish that is covered in BREADCRUMBS and
then cooked

haddock noun
this fish eaten as food

hake noun
this fish eaten as food

halibut noun
 this fish eaten as food

herring noun
this fish eaten as food

kipper noun
a HERRING type of fish that has been preserved in salt and smoke

lemon sole noun

this fish eaten as food

lox noun
AMERICAN SMOKED SALMON

mackerel noun
this fish eaten as food

mullet noun
this fish eaten as food

perch noun
this fish eaten as food

pilchard noun
this fish eaten as food, usually sold in CANS metal containers

plaice noun
this fish eaten as food

rainbow trout noun

a large fish in rivers and lakes that is eaten as food

roe noun
a group of fish eggs that are found inside a fish, or that are eaten as food

rollmop noun
a piece of raw HERRING a type of fish that has been rolled up and preserved in VINEGAR

salmon noun
salmon eaten as food

skate noun
skate eaten as food

smoked salmon noun

an expensive food consisting of very thin pieces of SALMON that has been smoked

snapper noun
this fish eaten as food

sole noun
this fish eaten as food

sprat noun
this fish eaten as food

sturgeon noun
 this fish eaten as food

trout noun
this fish eaten as food

tuna noun
this fish eaten as food

turbot noun
this fish eaten as food

whitebait noun
very small fish eaten whole as food

whiting noun
this fish eaten as food

Soups

bisque noun
a thick soup made from SHELLFISH

bouillabaisse noun
a soup made from fish and vegetables

bouillon noun
a clear soup made from meat and vegetables

broth noun
OLD-FASHIONED soup, especially when it is considered to be good for you

chowder noun
a thick soup usually made with fish or SHELLFISH , milk or cream, and vegetables

cock-a-leekie noun
a type of Scottish soup made from chicken with LEEKS and other vegetables

consommé noun
a type of clear soup made from meat juices

gazpacho noun
a cold Spanish soup made mainly with raw tomatoes, onions, GARLIC and CUCUMBER

gumbo noun
a thick soup made with chicken or fish and the vegetable OKRA , eaten mainly in the
southern US

Irish stew noun

a thick soup made from meat, potatoes, onions, and other root vegetables

minestrone noun
a type of Italian soup made from vegetables and small pieces of pasta

mulligatawny noun
 a type of clear soup with a hot flavour

oxtail noun
the tail of an OX eaten as food, often in soup

Scotch broth noun

BRITISH a thick soup made from vegetables, meat, and BARLEY

soup noun
a liquid food that is made by cooking meat, fish, vegetables etc with water or milk

cream of something
a soup containing cream

Salads and Salad Dressings

Caesar salad noun

a salad made with COS LETTUCE , CROUTONS pieces of hard bread , and a DRESSING containing
oil, lemon juice, and egg

coleslaw noun
a type of salad made from raw CABBAGE and CARROTS mixed with MAYONNAISE

dressing noun
a mixture of liquids such as oil and VINEGAR that you pour over salad

Greek salad noun

a salad consisting of tomatoes, OLIVES , FETA cheese, LETTUCE , and CUCUMBER

green salad noun

a salad that consists mainly of LETTUCE a round vegetable with thin green leaves

ranch dressing noun

AMERICAN a type of SALAD DRESSING

salad noun
a food containing a mixture of raw vegetables such as LETTUCE , tomatoes, and CUCUMBERS ,
usually served with a SALAD DRESSING

salad noun
food that has been cut into small pieces and mixed together, usually with a sauce, and
served cold

salad cream noun

BRITISH a yellow sauce similar to MAYONNAISE , served on a salad

salad dressing noun

a sauce that adds flavour to salads, usually made by mixing oil, VINEGAR , and HERBS or
SPICES

slaw noun
AMERICAN COLESLAW
vinaigrette noun
a sauce for salads and cold vegetables, made from oil, VINEGAR , and SPICES

Waldorf salad noun

a salad that contains nuts, small pieces of apple, and CELERY all mixed with MAYONNAISE

Herbs, Spices and Condiments

allspice noun
a powder made from the fruit of a tropical tree that is added to food to give it extra
flavour

aniseed noun
the seed of a plant called anise , used for adding flavour to food and drink

basil noun
a plant whose sweet leaves are used in salads and cooking, especially in dishes
containing tomato. Basil is a herb .

bay leaf noun

a leaf from a BAY TREE that is often used in cooking to add flavour

black pepper noun

pepper produced from dried crushed pepper seeds and their hard black cover

borage noun
a plant with rough leaves used for giving a fresh flavour to food. Borage is a herb .

bouquet garni noun

a mixture of HERBS in a small bag, that you use to add flavour to soups, sauces etc when
you are cooking

caraway noun
the seeds of a plant used on or in food such as bread or cakes

cardamom noun
the seeds of a plant used for giving a particular flavour to food. Cardamom is a spice .

cayenne pepper noun

a red powder made from a type of pepper that has a strong flavour. It is added to food
to make it taste SPICY .

chili
the American spelling of chilli

chilli noun
CHILLI POWDER

chilli powder noun

a red powder made from CHILLIES , used for adding a hot flavour to food. Chilli powder is
a type of spice .

chives noun
 a plant with long thin leaves that taste like onion and are used for flavouring food

cilantro noun
AMERICAN CORIANDER

cinnamon noun
a brown powder or small stick made from the BARK of a tree and used for giving a
special taste to food, especially sweet food. Cinnamon is a spice .

clove noun
a brown dried flower BUD used as a SPICE for adding flavour to food

clove noun
a small section of the BULB of a GARLIC plant used for adding flavour to food

cocoa noun
a brown powder made from cocoa beans that is used for making chocolate or
chocolate-flavoured foods and drinks

condiment noun
something such as salt, pepper, or a sauce that you put on food at the table to
FORMAL
make it taste better

coriander noun
BRITISH a plant whose leaves and seeds are used to give flavour to food. The American
word is cilantro .

cumin noun
seeds used for adding a special flavour to food, or the plant that produces them. Cumin
is a type of spice .

curry powder noun

a mixture of SPICES in the form of a powder, used for making curry

dill noun
a type of HERB plant used for giving food a special flavour

garam masala noun

a mixture of SPICES that make food taste hot, often used in Indian cooking

ginger noun
a thick light brown root with a strong flavour that is used as a spice in cooking

haldi noun
INDIAN ENGLISH TURMERIC used in Indian cooking

lemon grass noun

a plant similar to thick grass that is used in cooking to give a lemon flavour, especially
in Southeast Asian meals

mace noun
the crushed shell of NUTMEG , used for adding flavour to food. Mace is a spice .

marjoram noun
a plant whose leaves are used in cooking Marjoram is a herb .
menthol noun
a substance that smells and tastes like MINT

mint noun
a small plant with green leaves that have a strong smell, used for adding flavour to
food. Mint is a herb .

mustard noun
a yellow substance with a hot taste made from the seeds of a plant Mustard is eaten,
especially with meat, in small amounts .

nutmeg noun
a brown powder used as a SPICE to give flavour to food It comes from the hard seed of a
tropical tree .

oregano noun
a plant whose leaves are used in cooking for giving a special flavour to food. Oregano is
a herb .

paprika noun
a red powder used in cooking for adding a slightly hot flavour to food. Paprika is a
spice .

parsley noun
a small plant with curly leaves, used for decorating food or for giving it a fresh flavour.
Parsley is a herb .

pepper noun
a black or white powder that adds strong flavour to food. It is made from crushed dried
fruits called peppercorns .

rock salt noun

pieces of salt used in cooking

rosemary noun
a bush with narrow leaves that have a strong pleasant smell and taste, used as a HERB in
cooking

saffron noun
an orange-yellow substance used for adding flavour and colour to food

sage noun
a plant used to flavour food. Sage is a herb .

salt noun
a white substance that is often added to food before or after cooking to improve its
flavour. Salt is dug from the ground, or produced from sea water

sassafras noun
the roots of this tree used in food and drinks

sea salt noun

large pieces of salt that are produced when sea water EVAPORATES becomes steam

seasoning noun
salt, pepper, or other SPICES that you add to food to improve the taste
seed noun
a seed that you eat or use to give flavour to food

sodium chloride noun

CHEMISTRY salt

sorrel noun
a plant with bitter leaves that people use for giving a fresh flavour to food

spearmint noun
a flavour from the leaves of a plant used in sweets and in TOOTHPASTE

spice noun
a substance made from plants and added to food to give it a particular flavour

tarragon noun
the leaves of a small plant that are added to food to give it a special flavour. Tarragon
is a herb .

thyme noun
a small plant with very small leaves used for adding flavour to food. Thyme is a herb .

turmeric noun
a yellow powder used when cooking for adding flavour and colour to food, especially
CURRY Turmeric is a spice .

vanilla noun
a flavour used in some sweet foods, for example cakes and ICE CREAM , that comes from
the bean of a tropical plant

white pepper noun

pepper in the form of a white powder

Edible Nuts

almond noun
a flat white nut with a brown skin that is often used in cooking

betel nut noun

the nut of a PALM TREE from Southeast Asia that people cut into pieces, wrap in a leaf
from the betel plant, and CHEW

brazil nut noun

a large curved nut that has a hard shell with three sides

cashew noun
a curved nut eaten as a food

chestnut noun
a large smooth red-brown nut that you can eat

cob noun
BRITISH a COBNUT
cobnut noun
a type of HAZELNUT

coconut noun
a large nut that has white flesh and a hard brown shell covered with fibres like rough
hair

groundnut noun
a PEANUT

hazelnut noun
a nut from a hazel tree

macadamia noun
a white nut that grows on a tropical tree

monkey nut noun

BRITISH INFORMAL a PEANUT before it has had its shell removed

peanut noun
a type of nut that grows under the ground inside a thin shell and that can be eaten

pecan noun
a sweet nut with a thin smooth shell. It grows on a pecan tree .

pine nut noun

the small white seed of some types of PINE that is sometimes used in cooking

pistachio noun
a small green nut from a Mediterranean or Asian tree

walnut noun
a nut you can eat that has a KNOBBLY surface covered in small round lumps inside a hard
round shell

Beans, Lentils and Peas

aduki bean noun

a small dark red bean

adzuki bean noun

an ADUKI BEAN

bean noun
a seed of various plants that is cooked and eaten There are many different types of
beans, for example kidney beans , soya beans , and green beans .

bean noun
a dried bean that you GRIND make into a powder and use to make drinks such as coffee
and COCOA

bean curd noun

 a soft white food made from SOYA BEANS

bean sprouts noun

the young stems growing from the seeds of a bean plant that are eaten as food

black-eyed bean noun

BRITISH a small bean with a black spot

broad bean noun

BRITISH a large flat bean with a pale green skin

butter bean noun

a large pale yellow bean that you sometimes buy in a dried form and then cook in
water

chickpea noun
a round yellow-brown seed that can be cooked and eaten

cocoa bean noun

the seed of the CACAO tree that is crushed to make cocoa

cocoa butter noun

a type of fat made from cocoa beans and used in making chocolate, COSMETICS , and soap

coffee noun
the crushed beans that you use to make coffee

coffee bean noun

a brown seed that is ROASTED and crushed to make coffee

fava bean noun

AMERICAN a BROAD BEAN

French bean noun

BRITISH a long thin green bean that is eaten whole

green bean noun

a long thin green vegetable that grows on a tall climbing plant

haricot noun
a small white bean that you usually buy in dried form and cook in water

kidney bean noun

a red bean eaten as a vegetable

legume noun
BIOLOGY a seed such as a PEA or bean that grows in a POD

lentil noun
a round flat seed that you boil before you eat it. You normally buy lentils in dried form.

lima bean noun

a flat pale green bean that is grown in North and South America

mangetout noun
BRITISH a small flat green vegetable with very small seeds inside. It is a type of pea and
you can eat its skin.
mung bean noun
a small round green bean, usually used for producing a bean sprout

mushy peas noun

BRITISH PEAS that are boiled until they are very soft, eaten as a vegetable, especially in
northern England

pea noun
a very small round green vegetable that grows in a long narrow POD

pinto bean noun

a small bean with brown spots that you can cook and eat

pulses noun
seeds that you can cook and eat, for example beans, LENTILS , and PEAS

runner bean noun

a long green bean that grows on a tall climbing plant and is cooked and eaten

snow pea noun

AMERICAN a MANGETOUT

soy noun
a SOYA BEAN

soya bean noun

the seed of a plant, used for making food and oil

soybean noun
AMERICAN a SOYA BEAN

split pea noun

a dried PEA that has been divided in half

sprouts noun
AMERICAN BEAN SPROUTS

string bean noun

BRITISH a RUNNER BEAN

string bean noun

AMERICAN a GREEN BEAN

Rice, Wheat and Grain Products

all-purpose flour noun

AMERICAN PLAIN FLOUR

arrowroot noun
a substance similar to flour that is used in cooking for making liquids thicker

basmati noun
a type of rice with long grains and a flavour that is not very strong
bran noun
the outside of the grain of a CEREAL such as wheat or OATS

brown rice noun

rice that has not had the outer layer of the seed removed

buckwheat noun
a type of grain that is eaten or fed to animals

bulgur noun
a type of wheat that has been partly boiled and then dried, used especially in Turkish
cooking

cereal noun
a food made from grain, for example wheat, OATS , or CORN , mainly eaten with milk for
breakfast

corn noun
the seeds of wheat, barley etc which are crushed to make flour

corn noun
the seeds of a corn plant that are cooked as food or fed to animals

cornflakes noun
a breakfast food made of small flat dried pieces of MAIZE , eaten with milk

cornflour noun
BRITISH white flour made from MAIZE , used in cooking to make liquids thicker

cornmeal noun
a type of flour made from MAIZE

cornstarch noun
AMERICAN CORNFLOUR

couscous noun
crushed wheat that is used in a North African meal with meat and vegetables

flour noun
a white or brown powder made by crushing grains. Flour is used for making bread,
cakes, pasta etc

grain noun
the seeds from crops such as wheat, rice, or BARLEY that are used for food

grits noun
AMERICAN a food made from MAIZE a type of grain that has been crushed and boiled in
water, often eaten for breakfast, especially in the southern US

gruel noun
a food made by boiling crushed grain in water or milk, often eaten by poor people in
the past

hominy noun
AMERICAN a food made from dried and crushed SWEETCORN
meal noun
crushed grain, used as food for people or animals

mealie noun
SOUTH AFRICAN MAIZE , or a piece of maize

oatmeal noun
crushed OATS a type of grain , used in cooking

oats noun
a type of grain that people and animals eat

pearl barley noun

grains of the BARLEY plant that are eaten as food

plain flour noun

BRITISH a type of flour that does not contain any substances that will make cakes or
BISCUITS rise. The American word is all-purpose flour .

polenta noun
a soft Italian food made from MAIZE , eaten with meat or vegetables

popcorn noun
a food made from dried grains of maize that swell when they are heated

rice noun
a food consisting of small white or brown grains that are eaten cooked

rice paper noun

a type of very thin paper that you can eat, used in baking

rolled oats noun

BRITISH OATS a type of grain that have had their outer layer removed and have then been
crushed

samp noun
SOUTH AFRICAN maize crushed into fairly large pieces, often cooked and eaten with dried
beans by black South Africans

self-raising flour noun

BRITISH a type of flour that contains BAKING POWDER to make bread and cakes RISE when you
bake them

self-rising flour noun

AMERICAN SELF-RAISING FLOUR

semolina noun
small pieces of crushed wheat that are used for making pasta

sweetcorn noun
BRITISH the small yellow seeds of some types of MAIZE plant that are cooked and eaten as
a vegetable

tapioca noun
a food in the form of small white grains, used in cooking for making liquids thick or
mixed with milk to make a DESSERT
wheat noun
wheat grains, or food made from them

wheatgerm noun
the centre part of the wheat grain that people sometimes add to food to make it
especially healthy

wheatmeal noun
BRITISH wheat flour that is a mixture of WHITE FLOUR and WHOLEMEAL flour

white adjective
white flour is made from grain that has had the outer part removed. White bread is
bread made with white flour.

wholegrain adjective
wholegrain food contains all the wheat grain, including the outer part

wholemeal adjective
BRITISH wholemeal bread, flour, pasta etc contains all the wheat grain including the outer
part

wholewheat adjective
WHOLEMEAL

Food from around the world

Indian Food

aloo noun
INDIAN ENGLISH an Indian food that consists of cooked potato

balti noun
BRITISH a meal cooked in a Pakistani style, usually served in a metal pan

bhaji noun
an Indian food made from vegetables covered in BATTER a mixture of flour, eggs, and
water and cooked in hot oil

biriani noun
an Indian meal made from rice and meat, fish, or vegetables mixed with SPICES

biryani
another spelling of biriani

Bombay mix noun

an Indian food that is a mixture of nuts, seeds, and small pieces of dried foods

curry noun
an Indian food consisting of meat or vegetables cooked in a sauce with a hot flavour,
often eaten with rice
 dal
another spelling of dhal

dhal noun
an Indian food made from cooked LENTILS

gulab jamun noun

INDIAN ENGLISH a sweet Indian food made from a flour and water mixture, fried and
served in a sugar SYRUP flavoured with roses

khichri noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a food that consists of rice cooked with onions and SPICES

korma noun
an Indian food consisting of meat, fish, or vegetables in a sauce made with cream or
YOGHURT

madras noun
a type of CURRY an Indian food that consists of meat and vegetables and has a strong hot
flavour

masala noun
a mixture of SPICES used in South Asian food

masala noun
a sauce made with this mixture of SPICES and cream

paan noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a food made from a BETEL leaf folded round pieces of betel nut and SPICES ,
that you CHEW like a sweet or to give you energy

pakora noun
an Indian food made from pieces of meat or vegetables that have been covered in a
mixture of flour and egg and cooked in hot oil

pilaf noun
a Middle Eastern or Indian food consisting mainly of rice mixed with meat or vegetables

pilau noun
PILAF

pilau rice noun

flavoured and often coloured rice eaten with Indian food

samosa noun
an Indian food made with cooked meat or vegetables wrapped in thin PASTRY and cooked
in oil

tandoori noun
an Indian method of cooking in which you use a clay container

tandoori noun
an Indian meal cooked in a clay container

thali noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a meal at an Indian restaurant, consisting of several small dishes
tikka noun
an Indian meal that consists of pieces of meat or vegetables cooked in SPICES

vindaloo noun
a very SPICY Indian CURRY

Mexican Food

burrito noun
a type of Mexican food made with a TORTILLA a piece of flat thin bread that is folded over
and filled with meat or beans and cheese

chilli noun
a Mexican meal made from beans, tomatoes, onions, chillies, and usually meat, all
cooked together

enchilada noun
a Mexican food consisting of a piece of flat bread rolled up and filled with meat and
cheese

fajitas noun
a Mexican meal that consists of thin pieces of chicken, vegetables, or meat cooked and
then rolled up inside a TORTILLA

guacamole noun
a sauce made from crushed AVOCADO , often eaten with Mexican food

nachos noun
a type of Mexican food that consists of pieces of TORTILLA thin flat bread heated with
beans and cheese on top

refried beans noun

a food from Mexico that consists of cooked beans that are FRIED with SPICES

salsa noun
a sauce made from tomatoes, onions, CHILLI peppers, and SPICES , served with Mexican or
Spanish food

taco noun
a Mexican food consisting of a flat piece of PASTRY that is folded around meat, beans etc
and cooked until it is hard

tamale noun
a Mexican meal made by rolling cooked meat and peppers in CORNMEAL , wrapping it in
the outer covering of MAIZE , and then cooking it

tortilla chips noun

small pieces of MAIZE tortilla cooked in oil

European and Mediterranean Food

antipasto noun
cold food that you eat at the start of an Italian meal

coq au vin noun

a French meal made from chicken cooked with red wine

fondue noun
a meal that consists of hot liquid cheese, chocolate, or hot oil in a container, into which
you put small pieces of food using a long fork

fricassee noun
a meal that consists of pieces of meat cooked in a thick white sauce

goulash noun
a Hungarian STEW thick soup made from meat and vegetables and hot red pepper

houmous
another spelling of hummus

hummus noun
a soft food from Greece and the Middle East that is made from CHICKPEAS and eaten cold
with bread

humus
an American spelling of hummus

lasagne noun
an Italian meal made with layers of flat pasta with a sauce, cheese, and meat or
vegetables

minestrone noun
a type of Italian soup made from vegetables and small pieces of pasta

moussaka noun
a Greek dish made from layers of meat, AUBERGINES , and cheese

paella noun
a Spanish meal made from rice cooked with vegetables, chicken, SHELLFISH etc

pasta noun
an Italian food made from flour and water, and sometimes eggs. There are many
different forms of pasta, for example spaghetti , ravioli , and lasagne .

pepperoni noun
a type of Italian SAUSAGE that is used in foods such as PIZZA

pizza noun
a food that consists of flat round bread with tomato, cheese, vegetables, meat etc on it

plat du jour noun

a meal that is not included in a restaurant’s usual menu and that is different each day

polenta noun
a soft Italian food made from MAIZE , eaten with meat or vegetables
ragout noun
a meal consisting of meat and vegetables cooked in a sauce. Ragout is a type of stew .

ratatouille noun
a meal made by cooking tomatoes, onions, GARLIC , peppers, AUBERGINES , and COURGETTES
together in a pan

sauerkraut noun
a German food made from CABBAGE that has been cut into very thin pieces and kept in
water with salt to give it a sour flavour

tapas noun
small amounts of Spanish food served before a meal or with alcoholic drinks at a bar

taramasalata noun
a soft pink Greek food made from ROE fish eggs

tzatziki noun
a Greek food made by mixing YOGHURT , CUCUMBER , and GARLIC together

Chinese and Japanese Food

Chinese noun
Chinese food
chop suey noun
a Chinese meal consisting of meat cut into long thin pieces with vegetables

chow mein noun

a Chinese meal consisting of NOODLES long thin pieces of pasta cooked in oil with small
pieces of meat and vegetables

dim sum noun

a CHINESE meal consisting of a variety of foods

miso noun
a soft Japanese food made from SOYA BEANS , used in VEGETARIAN cooking

sashimi noun
a Japanese meal consisting of raw fish, usually served with a sauce

spring roll noun

a Chinese food consisting of a small roll of PASTRY filled with meat or fish and vegetables,
cooked in hot oil and eaten hot or cold

sushi noun
a Japanese food that consists of small cakes of cold rice with fish, egg, or vegetables on
top or inside

tempura noun
a type of Japanese food consisting of pieces of vegetables or fish cooked in BATTER

wasabi noun
a sauce with a very strong taste that is eaten with Japanese food
Middle Eastern Food

doner kebab noun

BRITISH a Middle Eastern meal that consists of flat pieces of cooked LAMB , served in a PITTA
BREAD with salad

falafel noun
a Middle Eastern food made from CHICKPEAS , onion, and SPICES made into balls and cooked
in oil

felafel
another spelling of falafel

hummus noun
a soft food from Greece and the Middle East that is made from CHICKPEAS and eaten cold
with bread

pilaf noun
a Middle Eastern or Indian food consisting mainly of rice mixed with meat or vegetables
pilau noun
PILAF

pitta bread noun

a type of flat bread that is eaten especially with Middle Eastern food

Drinks

General Words for Drinks

drink noun
an amount of liquid that someone drinks

beverage noun
FORMAL a drink

drink noun
a particular kind of liquid for drinking

drop noun
INFORMAL a small amount of a drink

potion noun
a drink that is believed to be magic, poisonous, or useful as a medicine

nectar noun
a drink that tastes very good
refreshments noun
FORMAL something to eat or drink during an event such as a meeting or party

drink noun
drinks in general

infusion noun
a drink, medicine, or beauty treatment made by putting something such as leaves or
HERBS in hot water

pick-me-up noun
INFORMAL something such as a drink that makes you feel more lively

cup noun
the drink contained in a cup

fizz noun
the small gas BUBBLES that are in some drinks

round noun
a drink for each of the people in a group

philtre noun
LITERARY a special drink that is intended to have a magic effect

mickey noun
VERY INFORMAL a MICKEY FINN

Mickey Finn noun

a drink with a drug in it, given secretly to someone to make them
VERY INFORMAL
unconscious

dop noun
SOUTH AFRICAN INFORMAL a small drink

Types and Amounts of Alcoholic Drinks

alcohol noun
drinks such as wine and beer that can make people drunk

alcohol noun
the substance in drinks such as wine and beer that makes you drunk

alcopop noun
BRITISH a drink that contains alcohol but tastes like a SOFT DRINK such as LEMONADE

aperitif noun
an alcoholic drink that is drunk before a meal

bevvy noun
BRITISH INFORMAL an alcoholic drink

booze noun
INFORMAL alcoholic drink
chaser noun
a weak alcoholic drink that you drink immediately after a strong alcoholic drink, or a
strong alcoholic drink that you drink immediately after a weak one

cocktail noun
a drink, usually with a lot of alcohol in it, made by mixing different drinks together

cup noun
an alcoholic drink made from a mixture of two or more drinks, especially wine and fruit
juice

double noun
an amount of a strong alcoholic drink that is twice the usual amount

dram noun
SCOTTISH a small amount of an alcoholic drink, especially WHISKY

drink noun
an alcoholic drink

dumpie noun
SOUTH AFRICAN a small bottle of beer

firewater noun
INFORMAL any strong alcoholic drink

frappé noun
a sweet alcoholic drink served with a lot of small pieces of ice

half adjective, adverb, noun, number, predeterminer, pronoun

BRITISH MAINLY SPOKEN half a PINT of a drink, especially beer

hooch noun
INFORMAL strong alcoholic drink, especially drink that is made illegally

libation noun
HUMOROUS a drink, especially an alcoholic drink

liquid refreshment noun

HUMOROUS drinks, especially alcoholic drinks

liquor noun
FORMAL alcoholic drinks

liquor noun
MAINLY AMERICAN strong alcoholic drinks

mamba noun
SOUTH AFRICAN INFORMAL an alcoholic drink made at home

measure noun
a standard amount of alcohol served in a bar, restaurant etc

miniature noun
 a very small bottle of alcoholic drink, especially a spirit

moonshine noun
MAINLY AMERICAN INFORMAL a strong alcoholic drink that is produced and sold illegally

nightcap noun
an alcoholic drink that you have just before you go to bed

nip noun
a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink

one determiner, number, pronoun

INFORMAL a glass of alcoholic drink

pint noun
BRITISH INFORMAL a pint of beer

punch noun
a sweet drink made with fruit juice and usually alcohol

rotgut noun
INFORMAL an alcoholic drink that is cheap and not of good quality

short noun
BRITISH a strong alcoholic drink served in small amounts

shot noun
a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink

slammer noun
an alcoholic drink consisting of TEQUILA and LEMONADE that you traditionally drink quickly
after BANGING the glass on the table

slug noun
INFORMAL an amount of a strong alcoholic drink that you drink quickly

snifter noun
BRITISH INFORMAL OLD-FASHIONED a small amount of an alcoholic drink

spirit noun
a strong alcoholic drink such as WHISKY or BRANDY

strong drink noun

alcoholic drinks, especially alcoholic SPIRITS

stubby noun
AUSTRALIAN a small wide bottle of beer

sundowner noun
INFORMAL an alcoholic drink that people have in the evening

tincture noun
BRITISH HUMOROUS an alcoholic drink

tipple noun
 INFORMAL an alcoholic drink that you drink regularly

tot noun
a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink

tube noun
AUSTRALIAN INFORMAL a can of drink, especially beer

tumbler noun
the amount of drink that a tumbler can contain

unit noun
BRITISH used for measuring the amount of alcohol that people drink

the usual noun

SPOKENused in a bar for ordering the same alcoholic drink that you usually have, or for
asking a customer if that is what they want

a quick one
BRITISH INFORMAL an alcoholic drink that you drink quickly

one for the road

SPOKEN an alcoholic drink that you have quickly before you leave a place
the hair of the dog (that bit you)
HUMOROUSan alcoholic drink that makes you feel better when you drank too much alcohol
the night before

the hard stuff

INFORMAL strong alcoholic drinks

Non-Alcoholic Drinks

americano noun
a cup of coffee made by pouring a little ESPRESSO strong Italian coffee on top of hot water

angostura noun
a bitter substance used to flavour alcoholic drinks

barley water noun

a drink made from lemons or oranges and BARLEY

beef tea noun

a hot drink made from beef that people used to drink in the past when they were ill

bitter lemon noun

BRITISH a type of FIZZY drink with gas in it that has a lemon flavour, or a glass of this
drink

bitters noun
a bitter liquid made from plants or roots that is added to alcoholic drinks to give flavour

brew noun
BRITISH INFORMAL an amount of tea brewed at one time and served in a pot
buttermilk noun
the liquid that remains when fat is removed from cream in order to make butter, used
in cooking or as a drink

cappuccino noun
strong coffee made with hot milk and often with CINNAMON or chocolate powder on top

chai noun
sweet flavoured tea of the type often sold in cafés

chai noun
INDIAN ENGLISH tea that you drink

chocolate noun
a drink made by pouring hot water or milk over a sweet chocolate powder, or a cup of
this drink

cider noun
AMERICAN a drink made from apples, or a glass of this drink

club soda noun

MAINLY AMERICAN SODA WATER

club soda noun

MAINLY AMERICAN a glass of club soda

cocoa noun
a hot chocolate-flavoured drink made from milk, cocoa, and sugar, or a cup of this
drink

coffee noun
a hot, slightly bitter drink made by pouring hot water over brown powder consisting of
COFFEE BEANS that have been GROUND crushed into very small pieces . Coffee served without
milk is called black coffee, and coffee with milk is white coffee

coffee noun
a cup of coffee

Coke noun
TRADEMARK a type of sweet brown FIZZY drink with gas in it , or a glass of this drink

cola noun
a sweet brown FIZZY drink with gas in it , or a glass of this drink

cordial noun
BRITISH a sweet fruit-flavoured drink that you mix with water

cream soda noun

a sweet drink with BUBBLES of gas in it that tastes of VANILLA

cuppa noun
BRITISH INFORMAL a cup of tea or coffee

cyder
a British spelling of cider

decaf noun
 INFORMAL decaffeinated coffee, or a cup of this drink

drinking chocolate noun

BRITISH a sweet brown powder that tastes like chocolate, or a hot drink made with this
powder

drinking water noun

water that is safe to drink

dry ginger noun

a drink that tastes of GINGER and is often mixed with alcoholic drinks

espresso noun
a small cup of very strong coffee, or this type of coffee

expresso noun
an ESPRESSO

float noun
AMERICAN a SOFT DRINK with ice cream floating in it

frappé noun
a cold thick drink made with milk and flavoured with fruit

ginger ale noun

a sweet drink with a ginger flavour

ginger ale noun

a glass or bottle of ginger ale

ginger beer noun

a drink similar to ginger ale, with a stronger flavour, made with fermented ginger

ginger beer noun

a glass or bottle of ginger beer

green tea noun

a type of tea that is a pale green colour and comes mainly from China or Japan

grenadine noun
a sweet thick red liquid that is used in drinks and is made from POMEGRANATES

Horlicks
TRADEMARK a hot drink made with milk that people drink before going to bed to help them
to relax

hot chocolate noun

a drink made by mixing hot milk or water with chocolate powder

hot chocolate noun

a cup of hot chocolate

ice-cream soda noun

a cold sweet drink made from ICE CREAM , a sweet flavoured liquid, and SODA WATER

iced coffee noun

 a drink made from coffee mixed with ice and milk, or a glass of this drink

iced tea noun

a drink made from tea with ice, and sometimes lemon or sugar, or a glass of this drink

Irish coffee noun

a glass of Irish coffee

lassi noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a drink made from DAHI or YOGURT thick sour milk mixed with water

latte noun
a drink made by mixing ESPRESSO strong coffee with hot milk with lots of BUBBLES of air in it

lemonade noun
BRITISH a sweet, clear, FIZZY drink with gas in it that tastes slightly of lemon, or a glass of
this drink

lemonade noun
a drink made from lemons, sugar, and water, or a glass of this drink

lime noun
BRITISH a sweet drink made from limes or tasting of limes

limeade noun
a sweet green drink made from limes or tasting of limes

macchiato noun
a cup of ESPRESSO with a little hot FROTHY milk added to it

malt noun
AMERICAN a MILKSHAKE with malt added to it

milkshake noun
a sweet drink made by mixing milk with chocolate or fruit, and usually ICE CREAM , or a
glass of this drink

mineral noun
BRITISH FORMAL a cold drink that does not contain alcohol

mineral water noun

water containing MINERALS that comes from under the ground and that you can buy in
bottles and drink

mineral water noun

a glass or bottle of mineral water

mixer noun
a drink without alcohol that you mix with an alcoholic drink

mocha noun
a type of coffee

mocha noun
a drink made by mixing coffee and chocolate together, or a cup of this drink
OJ noun
AMERICAN INFORMAL orange juice

orange noun
a drink made from or with oranges, or a glass of this drink

orangeade noun
a sweet FIZZY drink with gas in it made from oranges, sugar, and water, or a glass of
this drink

orange squash noun

BRITISH a drink made by adding water to a thick liquid made from oranges and sugar, or
a glass of this drink

pop noun
INFORMAL a sweet drink containing many BUBBLES

rooibos noun
SOUTH AFRICAN tea made from the leaves of a plant called ROOIBOS , which is thought to be
good for your health
root beer noun
MAINLY AMERICAN a sweet FIZZY drink that is not alcoholic, or a glass of this drink

sarsaparilla noun
a sweet drink made from the roots of the SASSAFRAS plant

shake noun
a MILKSHAKE

slush noun
a children’s drink made by mixing a sweet liquid with crushed ice

smoothie noun
a drink made from fruit, milk or cream, and ICE CREAM

smoothy
another spelling of smoothie

soda noun
SODA WATER

soda noun
AMERICAN a sweet FIZZY drink

soda pop noun

MAINLY AMERICAN a sweet FIZZY drink

soda water noun

water with gas in it that you add to an alcoholic drink such as whisky

soft drink noun

a cold drink that does not contain any alcohol

sports drink noun

a type of drink that is not alcoholic that people drink to give them energy
squash noun
BRITISH a sweet drink made from fruit juice, sugar, and water

tea noun
a hot brown drink made by pouring boiling water onto the dried leaves of the tea bush
The leaves are called tea leaves and can be bought in small paper bags called tea
bags that are put into a cup or teapot

tea noun
a cup of this drink

tea noun
a cup of tea

tea noun
a hot drink made by pouring boiling water onto the dried leaves, fruit, or flowers of
other plants, especially HERBS

tonic noun
a type of FIZZY water with gas in it with a bitter taste, often mixed with a strong
alcoholic drink, or a glass of this drink
Turkish coffee noun
very strong coffee served without milk and usually with sugar

Spirits and Other Miscellaneous Alcoholic Drinks

absinthe noun
a very strong green alcoholic drink with a bitter taste

chartreuse noun
a green or yellow alcoholic drink, often drunk after a meal

cider noun
BRITISH an alcoholic drink made from apples, or a glass of this drink

cordial noun
AMERICAN a sweet thick alcoholic drink

crème de menthe noun

a sweet green LIQUEUR an alcoholic drink drunk after a meal with a MINT flavour, or a glass
of this drink

cyder
a British spelling of cider

gin noun
a strong clear alcoholic drink made from grain and small fruits called JUNIPER BERRIES to
add flavour

gin noun
a glass of gin

kirsch noun
a strong alcoholic drink made from CHERRIES
liqueur noun
a sweet strong alcoholic drink that you have at the end of a meal

maraschino noun
a sweet alcoholic drink made from black CHERRIES

mead noun
a sweet alcoholic drink made from HONEY

mother’s ruin noun

BRITISH HUMOROUS the alcoholic drink GIN

ouzo noun
a strong alcoholic drink from Greece with an ANISEED flavour, or a glass of this drink

perry noun
an alcoholic drink made from PEARS

rum noun
a strong alcoholic drink made from SUGAR CANE

rum noun
a glass of this drink

sake noun
an alcoholic drink from Japan made from rice

schnapps noun
a strong alcoholic drink from Germany, or a glass of this drink

scrumpy noun
BRITISH strong CIDER an alcoholic drink made from apples

slivovitz noun
a strong alcoholic drink made from PLUMS in eastern Europe

sloe gin noun

a strong alcoholic drink made by adding sloes and sugar to GIN

tequila noun
a strong, clear or yellow alcoholic drink from Mexico

tequila noun
a glass of tequila

vodka noun
a strong clear alcoholic drink from Russia or Poland, or a glass of this drink

Beer and Lager

ale noun
a type of dark-coloured beer without BUBBLES

ale noun
a glass of ale
amber fluid noun
AUSTRALIAN INFORMAL beer

beer noun
a yellow or brown alcoholic drink made from MALT grain that has been left in water and
then dried and HOPS a type of plant . You make or brew beer

beer noun
a glass or bottle of this drink

bitter noun
a type of dark beer that tastes bitter, or a glass of this beer

brew noun
a type of beer

brew noun
beer, or a drink of beer
brown ale noun
BRITISH a dark beer with a sweet taste, or a glass or bottle of this

guest beer noun

a type of beer that a bar or PUB sells for a short period of time, in addition to its usual
beers

Guinness
TRADEMARK a type of strong dark beer originally made in Ireland

heavy noun
SCOTTISH a type of strong beer

home brew noun

beer that people make at home

jar noun
BRITISH INFORMAL a glass of beer, usually one that is drunk in a PUB

keg noun
beer served from kegs

lager noun
a type of light-coloured beer, or a glass of this beer

light ale noun

a type of beer that is light in colour and does not contain much alcohol, or a glass of
this beer

mild noun
BRITISH a type of dark beer that does not have a strong flavour

pale ale noun

a type of light-coloured beer

pale ale noun

a glass of pale ale
real ale noun
BRITISH a type of beer made by traditional methods and without adding any artificial
chemicals or gas

shandy noun
an alcoholic drink made by mixing beer and LEMONADE

shandy noun
a glass of this drink

stout noun
a type of dark beer

tinnie noun
AUSTRALIAN INFORMAL a can of beer

Wines and Fortified Wines

Bordeaux noun
red or white wine from the Bordeaux region of southwest France

brandy noun
a strong alcoholic drink made from wine

brandy noun
a glass of this drink

bubbly noun
INFORMAL CHAMPAGNE

burgundy noun
a type of wine from Burgundy in France

Chablis noun
a type of white wine from central France

Chablis noun
a type of white wine similar to French Chablis, made in California

champagne noun
a type of French SPARKLING wine that people often drink to celebrate special occasions

champers noun
BRITISH INFORMAL OLD-FASHIONED CHAMPAGNE

Chardonnay noun
a type of white wine, or the type of GRAPE used to make it

Chianti noun
a red wine from Tuscany in Italy

claret noun
a type of red wine, especially from the Bordeaux region of France
cognac noun
a type of BRANDY made in France, or a glass of this brandy

dessert wine noun

a sweet wine that you drink with a DESSERT

fortified wine noun

an alcoholic drink made by adding a small amount of BRANDY or other alcoholic drink to
wine. Sherry and port are fortified wines.

hock noun
a type of white wine from Germany

Madeira noun
a type of strong wine that contains BRANDY

merlot noun
a type of red wine

mulled wine noun

a hot alcoholic drink made of wine mixed with sugar and SPICES , traditionally drunk at
winter festivals such as Christmas

plonk noun
INFORMAL cheap wine of low quality

port noun
a strong sweet wine that people sometimes drink at the end of a meal

red noun
red wine

retsina noun
a Greek wine that tastes of RESIN

rosé noun
a type of wine that is pink

sherry noun
a strong wine from southern Spain, often drunk before a meal

sherry noun
a glass of sherry

table wine noun

an ordinary wine that is not very expensive and that is drunk with meals

vermouth noun
a type of strong white wine that is often mixed with other alcoholic drinks

vino noun
INFORMAL wine

vintage adjective
 vintage wine is excellent in quality and was made several years ago

white adjective
white wine is a yellowish colour. Wine that is a dark purplish colour is called red wine .

white noun
INFORMAL white wine

wine noun
an alcoholic drink made from grapes. Wine that is dark purple is called red wine , light
yellow wine is called white wine , and pink wine is rosé wine

wine noun
a type of wine

wine noun
a glass of wine
wine noun
a similar alcoholic drink made from any fruit or plant

house wine red white

the least expensive wine in a restaurant, which appears on the wine list without its
usual name

Whiskey

bourbon noun
a type of WHISKY made in the US, or a glass of this drink

malt noun
MALT WHISKY

malt whisky noun

an expensive type of WHISKY made in Scotland from MALT , or a glass of this drink. Malt
whisky is often simply called malt .

poteen noun
a type of WHISKY from Ireland that is made illegally to avoid paying taxes

rye noun
MAINLY AMERICAN whiskey made from rye grain

Scotch noun
WHISKY that is produced in Scotland

Scotch noun
a glass of this drink

whiskey noun
a strong alcoholic drink produced in Ireland and the US, made from grain such as BARLEY
or RYE

whiskey noun
a glass of whiskey
whisky noun
a strong alcoholic drink produced in Scotland, made from BARLEY

whisky noun
a glass of whisky

Cocktails and Mixed Alcoholic Drinks

Bloody Mary noun

an alcoholic drink made by mixing VODKA and tomato juice

Buck’s Fizz noun

BRITISH an alcoholic drink made from CHAMPAGNE and orange juice
daiquiri noun
an alcoholic drink made by mixing RUM , LIME juice, and sugar

eggnog noun
a drink made from eggs mixed with milk, sugar, and alcohol

grog noun
an alcoholic drink made with RUM , water, sugar, and lemon juice, often served hot

highball noun
AMERICAN an alcoholic drink made by mixing
MAINLY WHISKY with water or SODA , usually
served in a tall glass

hot toddy noun

an alcoholic drink made of WHISKY with hot water and sugar

ice noun
pieces of ice used for making drinks cold

ice cube noun

a small piece of ice that you put in a drink to make it cold

Irish coffee noun

a hot drink made with coffee, Irish WHISKEY , and cream

margarita noun
an alcoholic drink made from TEQUILA and fruit juice, or a glass of this drink. A margarita
is a cocktail .

martini noun
a strong alcoholic drink made with GIN and VERMOUTH

martini noun
a glass of this drink

mimosa noun
AMERICAN BUCK’S FIZZ

mint julep noun

MAINLY AMERICAN an alcoholic drink made from WHISKY , sugar, ice, and MINT leaves
pina colada noun
an alcoholic drink made by mixing RUM with PINEAPPLE juice and COCONUT

pink gin noun

a drink made with a mixture of GIN and a special bitter FLAVOURING that is pink

sangria noun
a sweet alcoholic drink from Spain that is made with red wine, fruit, and fruit juice

screwdriver noun
an alcoholic drink made from VODKA and orange juice

snakebite noun
a glass of this drink
snakebite noun
BRITISH an alcoholic drink that is half LAGER and half CIDER

spritzer noun
a drink made from white wine and SPARKLING water water with gas in it

swizzle stick noun

a small plastic stick used for mixing drinks, especially COCKTAILS

toddy noun
a HOT TODDY

wine cooler noun

AMERICAN an alcoholic drink made by mixing wine, fruit juice, and FIZZY water

Words Used to Describe Drinks

alcoholic adjective
containing alcohol

black adjective
tea or coffee that is black has no milk in it

carbonated adjective
a carbonated drink has small BUBBLES of air in it

corked adjective
corked wine tastes unpleasant because the CORK in the bottle has been damaged and
has allowed bacteria into the wine

decaffeinated adjective
decaffeinated coffee or tea has had the CAFFEINE a chemical substance that keeps you
awake removed

drinkable adjective
safe to drink

dry adjective
dry alcoholic drinks are not sweet
effervescent adjective
producing a lot of small BUBBLES of air or gas

fizzy adjective
BRITISH a fizzy drink is a sweet drink without alcohol that has BUBBLES . The usual
American word for this is soft drink .

flat adjective
a flat drink has lost its BUBBLES of gas, so that it does not taste good

frappé adjective
cold and with a lot of ice

full-bodied adjective
a full-bodied wine, beer etc has a strong pleasant taste

iced adjective
an iced drink is very cold and contains pieces of ice

intoxicating adjective
FORMAL capable of making you drunk

isotonic adjective
an isotonic drink or other liquid replaces substances that your body needs but has lost,
for example because you have done a lot of physical exercise

light adjective
food or drink that is light has less fat or alcohol than other similar food or drink. This
word is sometimes spelt lite on food labels

long adjective
a long drink is one that is served in a tall glass

medium dry adjective

medium dry wine or SHERRY is slightly sweet

neat adjective
a neat alcoholic drink is served without any ice and is not mixed with any other liquid

non-alcoholic adjective
a non-alcoholic drink does not contain alcohol

sparkling adjective
sparkling drinks are full of BUBBLES

stiff adjective
a stiff drink contains a lot of alcohol

still adjective
without gas BUBBLES

straight adjective
an alcoholic drink that is straight is not mixed with anything else
tall adjective
a tall drink is served in a tall glass or container and often consists of an alcoholic drink
mixed with a lot of a drink that is not alcoholic

undrinkable adjective
not safe to drink, or tasting too bad to drink

vintage adjective
vintage wine is excellent in quality and was made several years ago

watered-down adjective
a watered-down drink has been made weaker with water

weak adjective
a weak liquid contains a lot of water and not much of a substance that gives it taste or
strength

white adjective
BRITISH white tea or coffee has milk in it

on the rocks
if an alcoholic drink is served on the rocks, it is served with ice

straight up
MAINLY AMERICAN INFORMAL without ice

Preparing Tea and Coffee Drinks

brew up
INFORMAL to make a drink of tea

brew verb
BRITISH INFORMAL to make a drink of tea or coffee

brew verb
if tea or coffee is brewing, or if you are brewing it, you have made it and left it to
develop a stronger flavour

coffee noun
flavoured with coffee, or used for storing, making, or drinking coffee

grounds noun
extremely small pieces of crushed coffee beans, especially after they have been used
for making a drink of coffee

percolate verb
if coffee percolates, or if you percolate it, it is made in a container in which hot water
passes through coffee powder

tea noun
the dried cut leaves of the tea bush, used for making tea

tea bag noun

 a small paper bag with tea leaves inside that you put boiling water over to make tea

tea leaf noun

a leaf from the tea plant that is dried, cut into small pieces, and used for making tea

percolation noun

put the kettle on

to boil water, especially for making tea

Brewing, Storing and Serving Drinks

brew verb
to make beer

brewer noun
a company that makes beer

brewer noun
someone whose job is to make beer

brewery noun
a company that makes beer

brewery noun
a place where beer is made

draught adjective
draught beer is served directly from a BARREL rather than in bottles or cans

freshen verb
if you freshen someone’s drink, you give them more to drink

head noun
the white BUBBLES on the top of a glass of beer

mash noun
a mixture of MALT and hot water used for making beer or WHISKY

microbrewery noun
BUSINESS a small independent company that produces small quantities of special beers

pour out
to put some drink into a glass or cup from another container

stir verb
to mix a drink by moving it around with a spoon or a stick

tied adjective
BRITISH a tied house or PUB is a pub that can only sell beer produced by one company

top up
to add more liquid to someone’s glass or cup in order to make it full
water verb
HUMOROUS to give someone a drink

water verb
to give water to an animal

on draught
beer that is on draught is served directly from a BARREL rather than in bottles or cans

say when
used for telling someone to tell you when you have given them enough of
SPOKEN
something, especially food or drink

Relating to Wines and Spirits

age verb
if wine ages or you age it, its taste improves because it is kept for some time

breathe verb
if you let wine breathe, you open it a short time before you drink it so that the flavour
improves

decant verb
to pour wine out of one container and into another so that the SEDIMENT is left behind

distil verb
to use this process to make an alcoholic drink such as WHISKY

distiller noun
a company that makes strong alcoholic drinks such as WHISKY

distillery noun
a place where strong alcoholic drinks such as WHISKY are made

lees noun
the thick substance that forms at the bottom of a bottle of wine

still noun
a piece of equipment used for making strong alcohol to drink

tartar noun
a red-brown substance that forms inside containers used for storing wine

tread verb
if someone treads grapes, they crush them with their feet in order to make wine

vintage noun
all of the wine produced in a particular year, or the year that it was produced

viticulture noun
FORMAL the activity or science of growing GRAPES for making wine

winery noun
MAINLY AMERICAN a place where wine is made
MEALS

Types of Meal

banquet noun
a formal meal prepared for a large number of people on an important occasion

barbecue noun
a meal at which meat and other food is cooked and eaten outside, often a meal that
you invite friends to
barbie noun
AUSTRALIAN INFORMAL a BARBECUE

BBQ abbreviation
barbecue

a bite noun
a small meal, especially one that you eat in a hurry

box lunch noun

AMERICAN a cold meal, such as sandwiches and fruit, that is given to someone to eat
later, especially at a CONFERENCE or meeting

braai noun
SOUTH AFRICAN a meal at which meat and other food are cooked on a fire outside

breakfast noun
the first meal you have in the morning

breakfast noun
a meal consisting of the things people often have for breakfast, for example eggs or
BACON

breakfast noun
used about things you eat for breakfast or use at breakfast time

brunch noun
a meal that combines breakfast and lunch and is usually served in the late morning

buffet noun
a meal at which all the food is put on a table and people go and choose what they want

carryout noun
MAINLY AMERICAN a TAKEAWAY meal or restaurant

Christmas dinner noun

a traditional meal eaten at Christmas, in the UK often consisting of TURKEY a large bird
with vegetables, followed by a heavy fruit PUDDING called Christmas pudding

collation noun
OFTEN HUMOROUS a simple meal, usually consisting of cold foods

continental breakfast noun

 TOURISM a breakfast consisting of bread and butter, coffee or tea, and sometimes PASTRIES
or CROISSANTS

cooked breakfast noun

BRITISH a breakfast of cooked food that is traditional in the UK, usually including eggs,
BACON , TOAST , and tea or coffee

cookout noun
AMERICAN an informal meal eaten outside with food usually cooked over a fire or on a
BARBECUE

cream tea noun

BRITISH a small meal eaten in the afternoon consisting of tea with SCONES , JAM , and cream

dinner noun
the main meal of the day, eaten in the evening or at midday. A more usual word for a
midday meal is lunch . An early evening meal is sometimes called tea , and a late
evening meal is sometimes called supper

dinner noun
a special meal that you have to celebrate a particular occasion

dinner noun
a formal evening meal arranged by an organization as a social event for a particular
purpose

elevenses noun
BRITISH INFORMAL OLD-FASHIONED something small to eat and drink in the middle of the
morning, between breakfast and lunch

English breakfast noun

TOURISMin the UK, a large breakfast that includes eggs and BACON thin pieces of meat
from a pig

feast noun
a large meal

feast noun
a large meal for a lot of people, usually in order to celebrate something

high tea noun

BRITISH OLD-FASHIONED a small meal served in the late afternoon

liquid lunch noun

HUMOROUS a lunch in which you drink a lot of alcohol but do not eat very much

lunch noun
a meal that you eat in the middle of the day

luncheon noun
FORMAL lunch, especially a formal lunch for a lot of people

meal noun
an occasion when you eat, especially breakfast, lunch, or DINNER
nosh-up noun
BRITISH INFORMAL a big meal

packed lunch noun

BRITISH food that you take with you in a box or bag to work, school etc to eat for lunch

picnic noun
a meal eaten outside, especially in the countryside

ready meal noun

BRITISH a meal that you buy already cooked, so that you only have to heat it before
eating it

school dinner noun

BRITISH a meal that a school provides for students in the middle of the day

smorgasbord noun
a meal of cold food that is put on a table so that people can take what they want

snack noun
a small amount of food that you eat between meals

spread noun
INFORMAL a large meal with a lot of different dishes to choose from

supper noun
the last main meal of the day, usually an informal meal that you eat at home

supper noun
BRITISH a very small informal meal that you eat before going to bed

takeaway noun
BRITISH a meal that you buy in a restaurant or shop and take home to eat. The American
word is takeout

takeout noun
MAINLY AMERICAN a TAKEAWAY

tea noun
BRITISH a meal eaten in the evening

tea noun
INFORMAL a small meal consisting of sandwiches etc that is eaten in the afternoon with tea

tiffin noun
INDIAN ENGLISH a small meal that you eat in the middle of the day

TV dinner noun
a READY MEAL

wedding breakfast noun

a special meal to which the guests are invited after a wedding

stir-fry noun
a square meal
INFORMAL a large meal that makes you feel satisfied

Prepared Dishes

bake noun
a mixture of different foods baked together in one dish
bubble and squeak noun
BRITISH a food made from cold cooked potatoes and CABBAGE mixed together and then
cooked in a large pan

casserole noun
food prepared in a casserole dish

chilli con carne noun

CHILLI made with meat

cottage pie noun

BRITISH a meal made from small pieces of cooked meat, especially BEEF , covered with a
layer of cooked potato and baked in an oven

couscous noun
a meal made with meat, vegetables, and couscous

crepe noun
a light thin PANCAKE

croquette noun
a food made from a mixture of pieces of fish, meat, or vegetables pressed into a
circular or tube shape, covered with BREADCRUMBS , and cooked in oil

cutlet noun
a food made from pieces of vegetables or nuts pressed together into a long flat shape
and cooked in oil

dish noun
food prepared and cooked in a particular way

dumpling noun
a small solid lump of cooked food made from flour and water, sometimes eaten with
meat or added to soup

egg noun
a chicken’s egg used as food

fish and chips noun

a meal consisting of fish and long thin pieces of potato, both cooked in very hot oil

flapjack noun
AMERICAN a PANCAKE

fritter noun
a food made by covering a piece of food in BATTER and cooking it in hot fat
fry-up noun
BRITISH INFORMAL a meal of FRIED food, especially consisting of eggs, BACON , and SAUSAGES

granola noun
MAINLY AMERICAN MUESLI

haggis noun
a Scottish food made from the inner organs of a sheep that are cut up, mixed with
grain, and pushed into a bag to be cooked. The bag is traditionally made from a sheep’s
stomach.
hash noun
a meal made from small pieces of meat and potato cooked together

hotpot noun
a meal that consists of meat and vegetables cooked slowly in the same container in the
oven

jambalaya noun
a food made from rice, SHELLFISH , and chicken Jambalaya was originally a Cajun food,
from the southern US .

kebab noun
BRITISH a food consisting of small pieces of meat and vegetables cooked on a stick

kedgeree noun
a meal made from fish, rice, and eggs

macaroni cheese noun

BRITISH a meal consisting of macaroni in a cheese sauce

masala noun
a dish of this food

meat loaf noun

a type of food made from a mixture of small pieces of meat, bread, and eggs, baked in
one piece

mixed grill noun

BRITISH a meal that consists of different meats and vegetables, cooked under a GRILL

muesli noun
a food consisting of nuts, grains, seeds, and dried fruit, usually eaten with milk for
breakfast

mush noun
AMERICAN a thick food made by boiling MAIZE FLOUR with water or milk, eaten at breakfast

omelette noun
a flat round food made by mixing eggs together and cooking them

pancake noun
BRITISH a thin round flat food made by cooking a mixture of flour, eggs, and milk

patty noun
AMERICAN a flat round food made by pressing small pieces of meat, fish etc together
MAINLY
and cooking them
pie noun
a mixture of vegetables, meat, or fish that is cooked with a layer of food such as potato
on top

ploughman’s lunch noun

BRITISH a meal consisting of bread, cheese, and PICKLE , usually served in a PUB

porridge noun
BRITISH a hot food made from OATMEAL and milk or water, often eaten at breakfast
pot roast noun
a meal consisting of a large piece of meat cooked in a container with a small amount of
water, usually served with potatoes and vegetables

prawn cocktail noun

BRITISH cooked prawns that are served cold with a light sauce, often before the main
dish of a meal

pudding noun
BRITISH a meal made of soft PASTRY cooked in a bowl with meat

rarebit noun
WELSH RAREBIT

risotto noun
a food made from rice mixed with meat, fish, or vegetables

sandwich noun
a light meal that you make by putting a layer of food such as meat, cheese, or egg
between two pieces of bread

sanger noun
AUSTRALIAN INFORMAL a SANDWICH 1

sarnie noun
BRITISH SPOKEN a SANDWICH 1

satay noun
an Indonesian or Malaysian meal that consists of meat or fish that is cooked on long
thin sticks over a fire and usually served with PEANUT sauce and rice

sauté noun
a meal made from food cooked quickly in a small amount of butter or oil

schnitzel noun
a piece of meat that is covered in BREADCRUMBS very small pieces of bread and cooked in
oil

Scotch egg noun

BRITISH a boiled egg covered with small pieces of bread and meat and cooked in oil

scrambled eggs noun

eggs that are cooked with their white and yellow parts mixed together

shepherd’s pie noun

a meal made from small pieces of cooked lamb covered with a layer of MASHED potato
and baked in an oven
shish kebab noun
a meal consisting of small pieces of cooked meat on a stick. It is often simply called a
kebab .

shrimp cocktail noun

a PRAWN COCKTAIL

soufflé noun
a food that you make with eggs and bake into a high round shape

spaghetti noun
a meal consisting of spaghetti and a sauce

Spanish omelette noun

a flat round food made of eggs mixed with vegetables, usually cooked potatoes

steak tartare noun

a food made from STEAK that is MINCED cut very small and eaten raw, mixed with raw egg
and onions

stew noun
a dish made by cooking vegetables, and usually meat or fish, slowly in liquid

terrine noun
a cold food made by cutting cooked meat, fish etc into very small pieces and mixing it
with vegetables and HERBS

toad-in-the-hole noun
a British food made from SAUSAGES cooked in a mixture of eggs, flour, and milk

Welsh rarebit noun

a meal of cheese sauce poured over bread and cooked

Yorkshire pudding noun

a British dish that consists of flour, milk, and eggs mixed together, baked in an oven,
and usually served with roast BEEF

Parts of Meals

accompaniment noun
something that you provide as a good addition, especially to a particular meal

afters noun
BRITISH INFORMAL the last part of a meal

antipasto noun
cold food that you eat at the start of an Italian meal

aperitif noun
an alcoholic drink that is drunk before a meal

appetiser
a British spelling of appetizer
appetizer noun
a food that you eat before the main part of a meal

cheeseboard noun
a number of different cheeses served in a restaurant as part of a meal

course noun
one of the parts of a meal

crudités noun
raw vegetables cut into pieces and served before a meal with a thick cold sauce called a
dip

dessert noun
sweet food that you eat after the main part of a meal

entrée noun
the main part of a meal, especially at a restaurant

fixings noun
AMERICAN extra things such as vegetables or sauce that are added to a dish of food

helping noun
an amount of food that is served to one person at a meal

hors d’oeuvre noun

a food served in small amounts before the main COURSE of a meal

leftovers noun
the food that remains at the end of a meal after you have finished eating

main course noun

the biggest part of a meal

portion noun
the amount of food that one person eats at a meal

pud noun
BRITISH INFORMAL PUDDING 1

pudding noun
BRITISH the last part of a meal when you eat sweet food

side dish noun

an amount of food served at the same time as the MAIN COURSE of a meal but on a
separate plate

side order noun

an amount of food that a restaurant serves you at the same time as the MAIN COURSE of a
meal but on a separate plate

starter noun
a small amount of food eaten at the start of a meal

sweet noun
 a sweet food that you eat at the end of a meal

trimmings noun
extra parts added to a meal to make it traditional or more interesting

General Words for Meals or Food

food noun
the things that people or animals eat

meal noun
the food that you serve or eat at one time

cooking noun
food cooked in a particular way

nutrition noun
food considered as something that keeps you healthy

nourishment noun
food or the substances in food that are necessary for life, growth, and health

sustenance noun
FORMAL food and drink

groceries noun
food and other goods for the home that you buy regularly

fare noun
FORMAL the type of food that is available, especially in a restaurant or café

speciality noun
a food or drink that a person, a restaurant, or a region is well known for and that you
cannot always get in other places

food noun
a particular type of food

dish noun
the food contained in a dish

sitting noun
a period of time during which a meal is served

speciality noun
used about something that is a speciality

concoction noun
an unusual drink or meal that is made by mixing things in a new way

victuals noun
an old word meaning ‘food’

ambrosia noun
 food that tastes very good

platter noun
a meal with a particular type of food, served on a large plate in a restaurant

tiffin noun
INDIAN ENGLISH HUMOROUS a meal

eats noun
INFORMAL food or meals, usually at a social event

special noun
something produced for a particular time or day, for example a type of food in a
restaurant or a programme on television

viands noun
an old word meaning ‘food’

chow noun
INFORMAL food

foodstuff noun
FORMAL a type of food

tucker noun
AUSTRALIAN OLD-FASHIONED food

grub noun
VERY INFORMAL food

nosh noun
BRITISH INFORMAL food

repast noun
VERY FORMAL a meal

provender noun
HUMOROUS food

nosh noun
BRITISH INFORMAL a meal

plate noun
AMERICAN a PLATTER served in a restaurant

specialty noun
AMERICAN a SPECIALITY

feed noun
INFORMAL OLD-FASHIONED a meal

Words Used to Describe Meals

alfresco adjective
an alfresco meal is eaten outside, in the open air

celebratory adjective
a celebratory meal, drink etc is one that you have in order to celebrate a special event
frugal adjective
a frugal meal is simple, cheap, and not very big

hearty adjective
a hearty meal is large

heavy adjective
a heavy meal is a little too large and you seem to feel it in your stomach for a long time
after you have eaten it

light adjective
a light meal is small and easy to eat

satisfying adjective
a satisfying meal is one that makes you feel that you have eaten well and have eaten
enough

set adjective
a set meal in a restaurant or hotel offers a limited choice of different foods for a fixed
price

sit-down adjective
a sit-down dinner, meal etc is served to people who are sitting down

slap-up adjective
BRITISH INFORMAL a slap-up meal is large and very good

substantial adjective
making you feel full and satisfied

untouched adjective
a meal that is untouched has not been eaten

on the side
a food served on the side is an additional food served with the main meal

FRUIT

Fruits

ackee noun
a red fruit from West Africa and the Caribbean that is eaten as a vegetable and grows
on an ackee tree It is poisonous until it is RIPE has grown to its full size and is ready to
eat .

apple noun
a hard round fruit that is white inside and has a smooth green, yellow, or red skin,
which is called peel when it has been removed. The middle part of the apple containing
the seeds is called the core . Apples grow on apple trees .
apricot noun
a soft fruit with an orange-yellow skin and a large hard seed inside

avocado noun
a fruit with green or black skin, a very large seed in the middle, and pale green flesh
that does not taste sweet It is usually eaten raw in salads .

banana noun
a long curved fruit with a yellow skin

beef tomato noun

BRITISH a type of large firm tomato

bilberry noun
a small fruit with a dark-blue skin that grows in northern Europe

blackberry noun
a small soft dark fruit that grows on a bush called a blackberry bush or bramble

blackcurrant noun
a small soft dark fruit that grows especially in Europe on a bush called a blackcurrant
bush

blood orange noun

a type of orange with red flesh and juice

blueberry noun
a small dark-blue fruit that grows on a bush and is very common in North America

bramble noun
a BLACKBERRY

breadfruit noun
a large round fruit that looks like bread after you have cooked it

calabash noun
a large tropical fruit whose thick hard skin is dried and used as a container or drum

cantaloupe noun
a large round fruit with a thick grey-green skin and sweet orange flesh. A cantaloupe is
a type of melon .

cherry noun
a small round red or black fruit

cherry tomato noun

a type of very small tomato

citron noun
a fruit similar to a large lemon

clementine noun
a fruit similar to a small orange
coconut noun
the white flesh of a coconut

cooking apple noun

a type of large green apple that tastes very sour and is used in cooking
crab apple noun
a very small sour apple

cranberry noun
a small sour red fruit that grows on a bush

currant noun
a small round fruit that may be red, black, or white, and grows on a currant bush

damson noun
a soft round fruit with purple skin, like a small PLUM

date noun
a sweet brown sticky fruit with a hard narrow seed inside that grows on PALM trees

eating apple noun

an apple that you eat raw, not a cooking apple

elderberry noun
a small round black fruit that grows on an elder tree

fig noun
a soft fruit with purple or green skin and a lot of small seeds inside. It grows on a fig
tree .

golden raisin noun

AMERICAN a SULTANA

gooseberry noun
a small green fruit with a sour taste that grows on a bush and can be cooked to make
sweet foods

gourd noun
a type of fruit with a hard thick skin. Some gourds can be cooked and eaten.

grape noun
a small green or purple fruit that grows in BUNCHES on a VINE , often used for making wine

grapefruit noun
a fruit like a large orange that is yellow on the outside, yellow or red inside, and has
sour juice

greengage noun
a soft fruit that has a green skin and a large hard seed inside. It grows on a tree and is
a type of plum .

guava noun
a large tropical fruit with green or yellow skin. It is pink inside.

hip noun
a ROSE HIP
honeydew melon noun
a MELON type of large round fruit with yellow skin and sweet white or green flesh

huckleberry noun
a small purple fruit that grows on bushes in North America

jackfruit noun
a piece of fruit from the jackfruit tree

kiwi noun
a KIWI FRUIT

kiwi fruit noun

a fruit with green flesh, small black seeds, and a brown skin

kumquat noun
a fruit like a very small orange

lemon noun
fruit with a hard yellow skin and sour juice. It grows on a lemon tree . Lemons are
citrus fruits

lime noun
a fruit with a hard green skin and sour juice that grows on a lime tree

litchi
another spelling of lychee

loganberry noun
a small soft purple fruit that looks like a large RASPBERRY

lychee noun
a small round white fruit from China

mandarin noun
a MANDARIN ORANGE

mandarin orange noun

a fruit similar to a small orange, but with looser skin

mango noun
a soft sweet tropical fruit with a red or green skin that is yellow inside and has a large
hard seed in the middle

maraschino noun
a MARASCHINO CHERRY

maraschino cherry noun

a bright red CHERRY stored in maraschino and used as a decoration for drinks or cakes

melon noun
a large round fruit that has a hard green or yellow skin and soft orange, green, or white
flesh inside

mulberry noun
 a small purple or white fruit that grows on the mulberry tree

navel orange noun

a type of orange that has no seeds
nectarine noun
a fruit with smooth thin skin and a large seed. It is a type of peach .

olive noun
a small black or green fruit that grows in Mediterranean countries and is eaten as food
or used for its oil. It grows on an olive tree . A place where there are a lot of olive
trees is called an olive grove .

orange noun
a round fruit that has a hard orange-coloured skin called peel , and that divides into
parts called segments . It grows on an orange tree .

papaya noun
a fruit with green and yellow skin that has soft, sweet orange flesh and small black
seeds inside. It grows on trees in hot countries.

passion fruit noun

a sweet juicy fruit with purple skin and lots of seeds inside

pawpaw noun
a PAPAYA

peach noun
a fruit with a furry yellowish-pink skin that is yellow inside and has a large hard seed. It
grows on a peach tree .

pear noun
a fruit that is smaller towards the stem end, is white inside, and has yellow, green, or
brown skin. It grows on a pear tree .

persimmon noun
a soft sweet fruit that looks like a large orange-coloured tomato and grows on a
persimmon tree

pineapple noun
a large fruit that is yellow and JUICY inside and has a thick yellow-brown skin with sharp
points on it

plantain noun
a type of BANANA long yellow fruit used as a vegetable in cooking Caribbean and African
foods

plum noun
a small round fruit with purple, red, or yellow skin and a large hard seed inside. It
grows on a plum tree .

plum tomato noun

a tomato shaped like an egg

pomegranate noun
a round fruit that has a hard skin and many thick seeds inside

prickly pear noun

 a plant that grows in the desert, with a fruit that is covered with sharp needles, or the
fruit of this plant

quince noun
a hard round fruit that looks like a yellow apple and can be eaten only when it is
cooked. It is usually used for making jelly .

raspberry noun
a small soft red fruit that grows on a bush

redcurrant noun
a very small soft red fruit

rhubarb noun
a plant with long red or pink stems that people cook and eat as a fruit

rose hip noun

a small red fruit that grows on a rose bush

russet noun
a type of apple with russet coloured skin

satsuma noun
a fruit similar to a small orange but with a loose skin and without seeds

sloe noun
a small sour fruit with a purple skin. It grows on a bush called a BLACKTHORN .

starfruit noun
a tropical fruit with soft yellow skin that is the shape of a star when you cut it in half

strawberry noun
a small soft red fruit with a lot of very small seeds on its skin

tamarind noun
a small soft fruit with sticky brown skin

tangerine noun
a fruit similar to a small orange but with loose skin that is more easily removed

tomato noun
a round red fruit eaten as a vegetable raw in salads or cooked

tsamma noun
SOUTH AFRICAN a WATERMELON that grows in some parts of South Africa

watermelon noun
a large round fruit that has a hard green skin outside and is red with small black seeds
inside

Parts of Fruit and Substances in Fruit

bruising noun
marks on a piece of fruit that has been damaged
core noun
the central part of a fruit such as an apple, containing the seeds or PIPS

dextrose noun
BIOLOGY a type of sugar that is found in fruit

flesh noun
the soft part of a fruit or vegetable that is under the skin

hull noun
the part of a soft fruit such as a STRAWBERRY including the STALK and leaves, that you do not
eat

juice noun
the liquid that comes out of fruit or vegetables when you squeeze them and is often
used as a drink

nectar noun
a thick juice that comes from some fruits

pectin noun
a substance contained in some fruit, used for making JAM thicker

peel noun
the skin of a fruit or vegetable

peelings noun
pieces of skin that have been removed from a fruit or vegetable

pip noun
BRITISH a small seed in a piece of fruit

pit noun
AMERICAN a STONE in a piece of fruit

pith noun
the white substance under the skin of oranges and similar fruits

pulp noun
the inside of a fruit or vegetable

rind noun
the outer skin of a fruit such as a lemon or orange

seed noun
AMERICAN a PIP from a fruit

segment noun
a part of a fruit such as an orange or a GRAPEFRUIT that can easily be separated into parts

skin noun
the outer layer of a fruit or vegetable

stalk noun
a long thin part of a plant with a flower, fruit, or leaf at the end

stone noun
 BRITISH a large hard seed inside a piece of fruit
zest noun
the skin of an orange, lemon, or LIME when it is used in cooking

Types of Fruit

berry noun
a small fruit that does not have a STONE inside it

bunch noun
a group of BANANAS , GRAPES etc that grow together

citrus noun
relating to fruits such as oranges or lemons, or to the trees that produce them

citrus fruit noun

a fruit such as a lemon or orange

dried fruit noun

fruit that has had the water removed from it, for examples RAISINS or CURRANTS

drupe noun
BIOLOGY a fruit with a STONE surrounded by a soft thick part covered with skin. PEACHES ,
PLUMS and CHERRIES are all drupes.

fruit noun
a type of food that grows on trees or plants. It tastes sweet and contains seeds or a
STONE . Apples and oranges are fruit. Ripe fruit is ready to eat

soft fruit noun

a small fruit that has a soft skin and no stone, for example a BLACKCURRANT or a STRAWBERRY

windfall noun
an apple or other fruit that has fallen from a tree

Words Used to Describe Fruit and Vegetables

candied adjective
candied fruit has been boiled in sugar to preserve it

fleshy adjective
a fleshy plant, fruit, vegetable etc is soft and thick

fruit noun
made from fruit, or relating to fruit

glacé adjective
glacé fruit is covered with a sugar mixture and looks smooth and shiny

green adjective
not yet ready to be eaten
mealy adjective
mealy fruit or vegetables are soft and feel rough, dry, and unpleasant in your mouth

overripe adjective
overripe fruit is too soft and does not taste very good

pitted adjective
a pitted fruit has had the seed taken out of it

ripe adjective
ripe fruit or crops have grown to their full size and are ready to eat or use

seasonal adjective
used about fruit and vegetables that are available now, at this time of year

seedless adjective
not containing any seeds

stoned adjective
stoned fruit has had its seed removed

sun-dried adjective
sun-dried fruit and vegetables have been put in the sun to dry in order to preserve
them and give them a strong flavour

unripe adjective
unripe fruit is hard and not yet ready to eat

waxy adjective
BRITISH a waxy potato stays firm when it is boiled

out of season
not grown at the normal time or under normal conditions

in season
fruit and vegetables that are in season are growing now and are available in large
amounts

Dried Fruit

currant noun
a small dark dried fruit often used in cakes

nut noun
a dry fruit that grows inside a hard shell on some types of tree and bush. Many kinds of
nut can be eaten

peppercorn noun
a small dried fruit, especially one that is black, that is crushed to make pepper

prune noun
a dried PLUM a type of fruit
raisin noun
a dried GRAPE

sultana noun
a dried white GRAPE , used especially in baking cakes

COOKING PREPARING AND PRESERVING FOOD

Cook Food or Be Cooked

bake verb
to cook food in an oven

bake verb
food that is baking is being cooked in an oven

barbecue verb
to cook food, especially meat, outside on a barbecue or over a fire

baste verb
to cover meat with hot fat or its own juices while it cooks

boil down
to become smaller in quantity after cooking because some of the liquid has turned to
gas, or to make something do this

boil verb
to cook food in water that is boiling

boil verb
to be cooked in water that is boiling

braai verb
SOUTH AFRICAN to cook meat and other food on a fire outside

braise verb
to cook meat or vegetables quickly in oil, then add a small amount of liquid and cook
them slowly in a container with a lid on

broil verb
AMERICAN to GRILL or BARBECUE food

brown verb
to cook something until it turns brown, or to become brown in this way

burn verb
if food burns, or if you burn it, it gets spoiled by being cooked for too long or at too
high a temperature

charbroil verb
MAINLY AMERICAN to cook food by putting it over a fire made of charcoal

chargrill verb
 to cook food such as meat or fish very quickly over strong heat

clarify verb
to make a liquid, especially butter, clear and pure, by using heat

coddle verb
to cook an egg with hot water that does not boil

cook verb
to prepare food and heat it so that it is ready to eat

cook verb
when food cooks, it is heated so that it is ready to eat

crisp verb
to become crisp, or to cook something until it becomes crisp

curry verb
to cook something such as meat or vegetables in a sauce with a hot flavour

fry verb
to cook food in hot oil or fat

fry verb
to be cooked in hot oil or fat

griddle verb
to cook something on a griddle

grill verb
to cook something over a fire on a flat frame of metal bars

grill verb
BRITISH to cook something by putting it close to strong heat above or below it

heat through
to heat food that has already been cooked, until every part of it is very hot

microwave verb
to cook food in a microwave

nuke verb
INFORMAL to heat or cook something in a MICROWAVE oven

overcook verb
to spoil food by cooking it for too long

overdo verb
to cook something for too long

parboil verb
to boil food until it is only partly cooked

poach verb
to cook an egg without its shell in water that is boiling gently
poach verb
to cook something in water, milk, or another liquid that is boiling gently

pop verb
if you pop corn, or if it pops, you heat dried grains of corn until they burst

pot verb
to cook and store food in a SEALED container in order to preserve it

put on
to start cooking something

reduce verb
to make a sauce thicker and increase its flavour by boiling it

reheat verb
to make food or a drink hot again

render verb
to heat solid fat to make it liquid, or to boil bones and pieces of meat to produce fat
that can be used for cooking

roast verb
to cook meat or vegetables in an oven or over a fire

roast verb
to heat nuts or coffee BEANS until they are dry

rustle up
INFORMAL to quickly produce something such as a meal using whatever is available

sauté verb
to cook something quickly in a small amount of butter or oil

scald verb
to heat milk until it is almost boiling

scramble verb
to mix together the white and yellow parts of an egg and cook it

seal in
to prevent the flavour, smell, or juice of a food from getting out

sear verb
to heat the surface of a piece of meat for a short time at a very high temperature to
keep the juices inside

simmer verb
to cook slowly at a temperature near boiling, or to cook something in this way

stand verb
if a food, drink, or mixture stands, nothing is done to it so that its flavours can develop
and become stronger
steam verb
to cook food with steam
stew verb
to cook slowly in liquid

stir-fry verb
to cook food quickly by moving it around in hot oil

sweat verb
BRITISH to cook meat or vegetables slowly in their own juices

sweeten verb
to make something taste sweeter by adding sugar or a sweet flavour to it

toast verb
to make bread into toast

toast verb
to cook food by putting it close to heat until it turns brown

whip up
INFORMAL to prepare something to eat very quickly

zap verb
INFORMAL to cook something in a MICROWAVE

precook verb

be slaving away over a hot stove

HUMOROUS to be cooking

Prepare Food for Cooking or Eating

bake verb
to make bread, cakes etc using an oven

beat verb
to mix foods such as eggs, cream, or butter well using a fork or a special tool or
machine. This tool or machine can be called a beater .

blanch verb
to put fruit, nuts, or vegetables into boiling water for a short time, often in order to
make it easier to remove the skin

blend verb
to mix different foods or other substances together

bone verb
to remove the bones from meat or fish before cooking it

butcher verb
to kill an animal and cut it up so that it can be eaten
butchery noun
the work of cutting up animals to be sold as meat
butter verb
to spread butter on something

carve verb
to cut a large piece of cooked meat into thin pieces before serving it

chill verb
if you chill food or drink, or if it chills, it becomes cold enough to be ready to eat or
drink

chip verb
BRITISH to cut potatoes into long thin pieces so that you can cook them in hot oil

churn verb
to mix milk or cream in a special container in order to make butter

clean verb
to remove the inside parts of an animal, bird, or fish before cooking it

core verb
to take the centre out of a piece of fruit such as an apple

cube verb
to cut cheese, bread, or other food into cubes

deseed verb
to remove the seeds from a fruit or vegetable

dice verb
to cut food into small square pieces

dish up
to put food into dishes so that it is ready to be eaten

dish out
to serve food

do verb
to prepare a particular kind of food

doctor verb
to add a substance to food or drink, especially a harmful substance

dredge verb
to shake something such as sugar or flour over something

dress verb
to add flavour to a salad by putting a mixture of liquids such as oil and lemon juice on
it. The mixture is called a dressing .

dress verb
to prepare something such as a chicken or CRAB a sea animal by cleaning it and taking
out the parts that you cannot eat
drizzle verb
to pour a small amount of liquid over food that you are preparing
enrich verb
to make food taste better by adding something

fillet verb
to prepare fish or meat for cooking by removing the bones

fix verb
MAINLY AMERICAN to prepare food or drink

flake verb
if food such as fish flakes, or if you flake it, it breaks easily into small flat pieces

flavour verb
to add something to food or drink that changes its taste or gives it a particular taste

fold in
to use a spoon or knife to add something slowly and gently to a mixture

fortify verb
to add a substance to food or drink to make it stronger or healthier

frost verb
MAINLY AMERICAN to put ICING on a cake

garnish verb
to add something to a dish of food to make it look more attractive

get verb
to prepare a meal

grate verb
to rub cheese, vegetables, chocolate etc against a GRATER in order to cut them into small
pieces

grease verb
to rub a small amount of oil or fat on the inside of a container before cooking food in it
in the oven

gut verb
to remove the organs from inside a fish before you cook it

hull verb
to remove the hull from a seed or grain or from a soft fruit

ice verb
to cover a cake with ICING

infuse verb
if you infuse something such as leaves or HERBS , or if they infuse, you put them into hot
water in order to make a drink, medicine, or beauty treatment

joint verb
to cut meat into large pieces
juice verb
to make juice from a fruit or vegetable
ladle verb
to serve something with a ladle

lard verb
to put small pieces of fat or BACON on meat before cooking it

liquidize verb
to crush something, especially solid food such as fruit or vegetables, into a liquid

macerate verb
FORMAL to make food soft by leaving it in a liquid, or to become soft in this way

marinade verb
to MARINATE food

marinate verb
to put meat, fish, or vegetables in a marinade

mash verb
to crush something, especially food

mill verb
to crush a substance such as PEPPERCORNS or COFFEE BEANS

mince verb
to cut meat into very small pieces using a machine

pare verb
to remove the skin from a fruit or vegetable using a knife

peel verb
to remove the skin from a fruit or vegetable

pepper verb
to put pepper on food

pipe verb
if you pipe cream or ICING onto food as a decoration, you force it through a special tube
onto the food

pit verb
AMERICAN to STONE a piece of fruit

pluck verb
to pull the feathers off the body of a dead bird so that it can be cooked

pod verb
to remove PEAS or beans from a pod

poison verb
to put poison into food or drink because you want to kill someone or make them ill

preheat verb
to heat an oven to a particular temperature before putting food into it to be cooked

prepare verb
 to make food ready to be cooked or eaten, for example by cleaning or cutting it

press verb
to squeeze fruit or vegetables in order to get juice or oil out of them

reconstitute verb
to add a liquid to dried food so that you can eat it

rub in
to mix something such as butter or fat into another substance such as flour, using your
fingers

salt verb
to add salt to food

scale verb
to remove scales from fish

scrape verb
BRITISH to remove the skin of a vegetable or fruit with a tool

season verb
to add salt, pepper, or other SPICES to food

seed verb
to remove the seeds from a plant or fruit

shell verb
to remove the outer part that covers nuts, PEAS , or other foods

shred verb
to cut or tear food into long thin pieces

shuck verb
AMERICAN to remove the shell or outer part of something such as a nut or vegetable

sift verb
to pour a dry substance through a sieve to remove the large pieces

skin verb
to remove the skin from an animal, fruit, or vegetable

spice up
to add spices to food in order to give it a stronger taste

spread verb
to cover a surface with a thin layer of a soft food

stir verb
to move food around in a dish or pan using a spoon or other object

stone verb
to remove the stone from inside a fruit

stuff verb
to fill meat or vegetables with small pieces of another type of food
sugar verb
to add sugar to something, or to cover something with sugar

tenderise
a British spelling of tenderize

tenderize verb
to make meat soft by hitting it or putting it in a liquid containing oil

thaw verb
if frozen food thaws, or if you thaw it, it becomes softer and ready to cook

toss verb
to mix food with a liquid so that it becomes covered in the liquid

truss verb
to tie the legs and wings of a chicken or other bird to its body before cooking it

warm through
to heat food until it is warm in all parts

water down
to add water to a drink or liquid in order to make it less strong

whip verb
to mix a food very quickly in order to put air into it

whisk verb
to mix something very quickly using a whisk

whizz verb
INFORMAL to mix food together using a piece of electrical equipment

maceration noun

purée verb

dinner tea etc is up

SPOKEN used for saying that food or drink is ready

top and tail

BRITISH to prepare a vegetable for eating or cooking by cutting the ends off it

Cooked or Prepared

al dente adjective
cooked until slightly firm but not soft
au naturel adverb
served without being cooked or with nothing added

battered adjective
covered in a mixture of milk, flour, and egg and then cooked
breaded adjective
covered with breadcrumbs and ready to be cooked

cold adjective
used about food that has been cooked but is not eaten hot

cook-chill adjective
BRITISH cook-chill meals are cooked and then kept cold before being sold

cooked adjective
cooked food has been heated and is ready to eat

curried adjective
cooked in a sauce with a hot flavour

deep-fried adjective
cooked in a lot of hot oil

devilled adjective
devilled food has a strong hot flavour

done adjective
cooked long enough to be eaten

dry-roasted adjective
cooked in an oven without any oil

flambé adjective
served covered with a burning alcoholic drink such as BRANDY

fried adjective
cooked in hot oil

frosted adjective
MAINLY AMERICAN covered with ICING

gentle adjective
gentle heat is low, so that something cooks slowly

ground adjective
crushed, especially for use in cooking

hard-boiled adjective
a hard-boiled egg has been cooked in boiling water until it is solid inside

hot adjective
cooked and served hot

jointed adjective
BRITISH a jointed chicken has been cut into pieces so that it can be eaten easily

lightly adverb
cooked for a short time

oven-ready adjective
 oven-ready food is already prepared, so that you only have to heat it in the oven before
you eat it

overdone adjective
cooked for too long

over-easy adjective
AMERICAN eggs that are over-easy have been cooked in oil on one side, then a little on
the other side

piping hot adjective

food or drink that is piping hot is very hot

precooked adjective
precooked food has been cooked or partly cooked so that it can be heated and eaten at
a later time

rare adjective
rare meat has been cooked for only a short time and is red inside

roast adjective
cooked in an oven or over a fire

scalloped adjective
baked in a cream sauce

smoked adjective
smoked meat, fish, or other food has a special flavour because it has been kept in a
special room full of smoke

soft-boiled adjective
a soft-boiled egg is cooked for a short time, so that the yellow part is still soft or liquid

stewed adjective
stewed fruit or meat has been cooked slowly in a liquid

sunny-side up adjective
an egg that is sunny-side up is cooked on one side only in hot oil, and not turned over

uncooked adjective
raw, or not yet cooked

underdone adjective
underdone food has not been cooked for long enough

well-done adjective
well-done meat is meat that has been completely cooked

charbroiled adjective
chargrilled adjective

sauté adjective

cooked warmed heated through

thoroughly cooked warmed heated
done cooked to a turn
cooked for exactly the right amount of time

Preserve Food

bottle verb
to put fruit or vegetables into special glass containers so they can be kept for a long
time

can verb
to preserve food in metal containers by storing it without air

cure verb
to preserve meat, fish, or other foods by drying them, or by using smoke or salt

dehydrate verb
to remove the water from food as a way of preserving it

dehydration noun
CHEMISTRY the process of removing water from food as a way of preserving it

dry verb
to remove the water from food or plants as a way of preserving them

flash-freeze verb
to freeze food very quickly in order to preserve its fresh taste

freeze verb
if food freezes, you can preserve it in this way

freeze verb
to preserve food or drink by making it extremely cold in a FREEZER

homogenize verb
to process milk so that the cream will not separate and rise to the top

irradiate verb
SCIENCE to treat food with RADIATION in order to kill bacteria and make the food stay fresh
longer

irradiation noun
SCIENCEthe process of treating food with RADIATION in order to kill bacteria and make the
food stay fresh longer

pack verb
to cover food with a substance inside a container so that it does not decay
pickle verb
to preserve food in VINEGAR or salt water

pot verb
to cook and store food in a SEALED container in order to preserve it

preserve verb
CHEMISTRY to prevent food or wood from decaying by adding a chemical substance to it
process verb
to add chemicals or other substances to food, for example to keep it fresh for a long
time

quick-freeze verb
to freeze food very quickly before it stops being fresh

refrigerate verb
to keep food or drinks cold by putting them in a refrigerator

smoke verb
to preserve and give flavour to fish or other food by hanging it in smoke

pasteurization noun

pasteurize verb

Things Used for Keeping Food Fresh

aluminium foil noun

a very thin light sheet of shiny metal that you can wrap food in to keep it fresh

best-before date noun

BRITISH a date printed on a food container to show how long the food remains fresh

cellophane noun
a very thin clear material used for wrapping things

clingfilm noun
BRITISH a transparent plastic substance used for wrapping around food to keep it fresh

foil noun
very light thin sheets of metal used for wrapping things, especially food

greaseproof paper noun

a special type of paper that does not allow oil or GREASE to pass through it, used in
cooking and for wrapping food

plastic wrap noun

AMERICAN CLINGFILM

polythene noun
BRITISH a strong light plastic used especially to wrap food in and keep it fresh

silver foil noun

BRITISH very thin sheets of ALUMINIUM a metal that looks like silver that is used in cooking
and for wrapping food

silver paper noun

BRITISH SILVER FOIL

tinfoil noun
a substance that looks like shiny silver paper, used for wrapping and covering food
Cooks, Cuisine and Cookery

Mrs Beeton
a British woman who wrote in the 19th century about cooking and taking care of a
house and family

chef noun
someone who cooks food in a restaurant as their job

cook noun
someone who prepares and cooks food, either as their job or for pleasure

cookery noun
the skill or activity of cooking

cooking noun
the process of preparing and heating food so that it is ready to eat

cooking adjective
relating to cooking, or suitable for use in cooking

cordon bleu adjective

relating to the highest standard of quality in cooking

cuisine noun
a particular style of cooking food, especially the style of a particular country or region

cuisine noun
the food you can eat in a particular place, especially a restaurant or hotel

culinary adjective
relating to food and how to cook it

foodie noun
INFORMALsomeone who enjoys eating or cooking different types of food and who talks a
lot about food

gastronomic adjective
FORMAL relating to skilful cooking and the enjoyment of good food

gastronomy noun
FORMAL the activity of cooking and enjoying especially good food

gourmet adjective
a gourmet cook is someone who can make very good food

haute cuisine noun

very good cooking, especially French cooking

ingredient noun
one of the foods or liquids that you use in making a particular meal
nouvelle cuisine noun
a style of cooking from France that uses light sauces and fresh food served in an
attractive way

preparation noun
the process of making food ready for cooking or eating

recipe noun
a set of instructions for cooking or preparing a particular food

short-order cook noun

a restaurant worker whose job is to cook food that can be prepared quickly

someone can’t even boil an egg

HUMOROUS used for saying that someone cannot cook even the simplest food

Oils and Fats Used in Cooking

copra noun
the dried white flesh of a COCONUT that is crushed to make oil

extra virgin adjective

extra virgin OLIVE OIL is the highest quality of oil, produced by pressing the whole fruit

fat noun
oil in solid or liquid form that is obtained from plants or animals and used in cooking

ghee noun
INDIAN ENGLISH butter used in Indian cooking

hydrogenated adjective
hydrogenated oils and fats have had hydrogen added to them

lard noun
white fat from pigs that is used in cooking

margarine noun
a yellow substance made from vegetable oil or animal fat that can be used instead of
butter

marge noun
BRITISH INFORMAL MARGARINE

monounsaturated adjective
monounsaturated fats and oils are made mainly from vegetable oils. They are
BIOLOGY
considered to be healthier than those made from SATURATED FATS .

olive oil noun

a type of oil made from OLIVES , used in cooking

palm oil noun

a thick type of oil produced from the fruit of PALM TREES that is used especially for cooking
and making soap
polyunsaturated adjective
polyunsaturated FATS and oils are made mainly from vegetable oils. They are
CHEMISTRY
considered to be healthier than those made from SATURATED FATS .

shortening noun
a solid type of fat that is used especially for making PASTRY

suet noun
hard fat from around an animal’s kidneys that is used for cooking

unsaturated adjective
unsaturated fat in food is better for your body than SATURATED fat because it does not
create as much CHOLESTEROL

polyunsaturate noun

Substances Used in Cooking

baking powder noun

a white powder used in cooking for making cakes RISE while they are baking

batter noun
a liquid mixture of milk, flour, and eggs, used in cooking

batter noun
AMERICAN a thick mixture of flour, eggs, sugar, and fat, used for making cakes

bicarb noun
INFORMAL BICARBONATE OF SODA

bicarbonate of soda noun

a white chemical powder used in cooking to make cakes rise. It is also mixed with
water and drunk as a medicine.

cream of tartar noun

a white substance used in BAKING POWDER

egg white noun

the clear part of an egg that becomes white when you cook it

gelatine noun
a clear substance that has no taste, used in cooking to make liquids become thick and
firm
glaze noun
a thin layer of milk, sugar, or egg that you put on foods to make them look smooth and
shiny

mix noun
a powder that you buy and mix with liquid to make a particular type of food

oil noun
a thick smooth liquid used in cooking and preparing food, and in medicines
Quorn
TRADEMARK BRITISH a substance made from a type of FUNGUS that is used in cooking instead
of meat

rennet noun
a substance added to milk to make cheese

roux noun
a mixture of flour and butter, used for making sauces

sago noun
a white substance like a powder, now mainly used for making liquids thicker in cooking

table salt noun

fine grains of salt that you can put on your food when you eat it

white noun
the clear part inside an egg that surrounds the yolk the yellow part

yolk noun
the middle part of an egg that is yellow

VEGETABLES

Vegetables

acorn squash noun

a small round SQUASH a hard smooth vegetable , usually orange or yellow, in the shape
of an acorn

artichoke noun
a round green vegetable with thick pointed leaves arranged close together in layers.
After cooking it, you pull off each leaf and eat the soft bottom part.

arugula noun
AMERICAN ROCKET , eaten in salads

asparagus noun
a long thin green vegetable whose stems and TIPS pointed ends are eaten

aubergine noun
BRITISH a vegetable with a smooth dark purple skin and white flesh. The American word
is eggplant .
bamboo shoots noun
a vegetable consisting of the stems of a young bamboo plant, used especially in
Chinese cooking

beet noun
AMERICAN a BEETROOT

beet noun
a SUGAR BEET

beetroot noun
 BRITISH the round dark-purple root of a vegetable that is cooked and eaten cold,
especially in salads. The American word is beet .

bhindi noun
INDIAN ENGLISH OKRA

bok choy noun

MAINLY AMERICAN PAK CHOI

brinjal noun
INDIAN ENGLISH an AUBERGINE

broccoli noun
a vegetable consisting of green stems with many small green or purple BUDS on the ends

Brussels sprout noun

a small round vegetable consisting of many green leaves wrapped tightly around each
other

butternut squash noun

a long orange vegetable shaped like a bell with a hard skin and solid orange flesh that
becomes soft when cooked

cabbage noun
a hard round vegetable with green or purple leaves that can be eaten raw in salads or
cooked

calabrese noun
a dark green vegetable that is a type of BROCCOLI

capsicum noun
a red, green, or yellow PEPPER

carrot noun
a long hard orange vegetable that grows under the ground and has green leaves on its
top

cauliflower noun
a vegetable with a hard round white central part surrounded by green leaves

celeriac noun
a large white vegetable that grows under the ground and is eaten raw or cooked It is a
type of CELERY .

celery noun
a pale green vegetable with a group of long stems that are eaten raw or cooked

chard noun
a vegetable with white stems and large dark green leaves

chicory noun
BRITISH a vegetable with stiff white leaves that have a bitter taste, usually eaten raw in
salads

chicory noun
AMERICAN an ENDIVE
chilli noun
a red or green vegetable with a hot taste, usually thin and pointed in shape

Chinese cabbage noun

CHINESE LEAVES

Chinese leaves noun

a vegetable that has large pale green leaves with thick white STALKS . It can be cooked or
eaten raw in salads.

corn on the cob noun

the top part of a MAIZE plant, cooked and eaten as a vegetable

cos lettuce noun

BRITISH a type of long thin LETTUCE

courgette noun
BRITISH a long vegetable with dark green skin. The American word is zucchini .

cucumber noun
a long thin vegetable that has a dark green skin and is white inside. It is usually eaten
raw in salads.

eggplant noun
AMERICAN an AUBERGINE

endive noun
a vegetable with curly green leaves eaten in salad

endive noun
AMERICAN the vegetable CHICORY

fennel noun
a pale green vegetable with seeds and leaves that are used for flavouring food

garden egg noun

WEST AFRICAN an AUBERGINE

garlic noun
a round white vegetable with small sections called cloves which you add to food for a
strong pleasant flavour. The whole garlic is called a bulb .

globe artichoke noun

a round green vegetable in which the leaves grow in a ball shape on a tall stem

green bean noun

a long thin green vegetable that grows on a tall climbing plant

green pepper noun

a HOLLOW green vegetable containing small white seeds. It can be eaten raw in salads or
cooked.

iceberg lettuce noun

a round pale green LETTUCE with leaves that form a tight ball
jalapeño noun
a small green or red pepper often used in Mexican cooking for giving food a hot flavour

Jerusalem artichoke noun

a vegetable with a very pale brown skin and white flesh. It grows under the ground.

kale noun
a vegetable with large curly dark-green leaves. Kale is a type of cabbage .

kohlrabi noun
a hard round vegetable, eaten raw in salads or cooked

leek noun
a long thin vegetable that tastes similar to an onion and is white at one end with green
leaves at the other

lettuce noun
a vegetable with large thin green leaves that you eat raw in a salad

mangetout noun
BRITISH a small flat green vegetable with very small seeds inside. It is a type of pea and
you can eat its skin.

marrow noun
BRITISH a large long vegetable that has a dark green skin and is white inside

new potato noun

a small potato taken from the ground early in the year

okra noun
a vegetable with long green PODS seed containers that is used especially in African and
South Asian cooking

onion noun
a round vegetable with thin dry skin and many layers inside that tastes and smells very
strong

pak choi noun

a Chinese vegetable with long dark green leaves and white stems

parsnip noun
a long white hard vegetable that grows under the ground

pea noun
a very small round green vegetable that grows in a long narrow POD

pepper noun
a small pepper with a strong hot flavour

pepper noun
a red, green, orange, or yellow vegetable with small white seeds inside. It can be eaten
raw in salads or cooked.

pimento noun
a small red vegetable that is a type of PEPPER
plantain noun
a type of BANANA long yellow fruit used as a vegetable in cooking Caribbean and African
foods

potato noun
a very common hard round vegetable that has a brown, red, or yellow skin and is white
or yellow inside. It grows under the ground and can be cooked in many different ways

pumpkin noun
a large round vegetable with a thick orange skin and large seeds

radicchio noun
a vegetable with small purple and white leaves, eaten raw in salads

radish noun
a small pink or red vegetable that is eaten raw in salads

red pepper noun

a red vegetable with small white seeds inside. It can be eaten raw in salads or cooked.

rocket noun
BRITISH a leaf vegetable with a strong flavour, eaten raw in salads

romaine noun
MAINLYAMERICAN a type of LETTUCE with long narrow firm leaves. The usual British word is
cos lettuce .

russet noun
a type of potato with russet coloured skin

rutabaga noun
AMERICAN a SWEDE

savoy cabbage noun

a type of CABBAGE a round green vegetable whose leaves are curly, not smooth

scallion noun
AMERICAN a SPRING ONION

shallot noun
a small vegetable similar to an onion

snow pea noun

AMERICAN a MANGETOUT

spinach noun
a vegetable with dark green leaves that can be cooked or eaten raw in salads

spring greens noun

BRITISH the leaves of young CABBAGES

spring onion noun

BRITISH a small white onion with a long thin stem with green leaves on it that is often
eaten raw in salads
sprout noun
BRITISH a BRUSSELS SPROUT

spud noun
INFORMAL a potato

sugar beet noun

a vegetable that grows under the ground and is used for producing sugar

swede noun
BRITISH a hard round yellow vegetable that grows under the ground

sweet pepper noun

a green, red, or yellow vegetable that does not have a strong flavour. Sweet peppers
are often simply called peppers .

sweet potato noun

a vegetable with a slightly sweet taste that looks like a potato with pink skin

Swiss chard noun

a vegetable with large green leaves and thick stems

tater noun
VERY INFORMAL a potato

tattie noun
BRITISH INFORMAL a potato

turnip noun
a large round light-coloured root vegetable that grows under the ground

veg noun
BRITISH INFORMAL vegetables

water chestnut noun

a small hard white vegetable, often used in Asian cooking

wild rice noun

the seed of a grass that grows in North America, eaten as a vegetable

yam noun
AMERICAN a SWEET POTATO

yam noun
a root vegetable that looks like a long white potato and has a brown skin

zucchini noun
AMERICAN a COURGETTE

Types of Vegetable

baby adjective
baby vegetables are smaller than usual and have a sweeter taste

greens noun
 SPOKEN the green leaves of vegetables, especially when they have been cooked

root vegetable noun

a vegetable such as a CARROT whose root is the part that is eaten

squash noun
a large hard vegetable with very thick skin

out of season
not grown at the normal time or under normal conditions

Parts of Vegetables

cob noun
a CORNCOB

eye noun
one of the spots on a potato that new growth comes from

flesh noun
the soft part of a fruit or vegetable that is under the skin

floret noun
one of the small parts that make up vegetables such as BROCCOLI or CAULIFLOWER

heart noun
the inner, central part of something such as a vegetable

peel noun
the skin of a fruit or vegetable

peelings noun
pieces of skin that have been removed from a fruit or vegetable

pulp noun
the inside of a fruit or vegetable

skin noun
the outer layer of a fruit or vegetable
spear noun
the long pointed part of a vegetable such as ASPARAGUS

top noun
the leaves on some vegetables, for example onions

Processed Vegetables

baked beans noun

beans cooked in tomato sauce and sold in a can. Baked beans are often simply called
beans .

caper noun
 a food with a strong flavour that consists of a small green flower BUD preserved in salt
or VINEGAR

dill pickle noun

a CUCUMBER that has been preserved and given flavour with dill

gherkin noun
a small green vegetable preserved in VINEGAR and eaten cold with meals

mushy peas noun

BRITISH PEAS that are boiled until they are very soft, eaten as a vegetable, especially in
northern England

onion ring noun

a thin section of onion that forms a ring, covered with a mixture and cooked in fat
pickle noun
MAINLY AMERICAN a CUCUMBER or other vegetable preserved in VINEGAR or salt water

textured vegetable protein noun

TVP

tofu noun
a soft white food made from SOYA BEANS

TVP noun
textured vegetable protein: a food that provides protein and is made from SOYA BEANS

Cooked Potatoes

baked potato noun

a potato that is baked and served with its skin on

chip noun
BRITISH a long thin piece of potato cooked in hot oil. The American word is French fry

chip noun
AMERICAN a CRISP 1

crisp noun
BRITISH a thin flat round piece of potato that has been cooked in fat and is eaten cold.
The American word is chip or potato chip .

French fries noun

MAINLY AMERICAN CHIPS long thin pieces of potato cooked in hot oil

fries noun
FRENCH FRIES

hash browns noun

potatoes that are cut into very small pieces, pressed together, and cooked in oil

jacket potato noun

BRITISH a potato cooked with its skin on
latke noun
a traditional Jewish PANCAKE made with potatoes

mash noun
BRITISH INFORMAL MASHED POTATO

mashed potato noun

potatoes boiled in water, crushed, and then mixed with milk and butter until they are
smooth

potato chip noun

AMERICAN a CRISP 1

Meat

Joints and Cuts of Meat

beefsteak noun
a large thick piece of good-quality BEEF

braising steak noun

BEEF that is suitable for braising

breast noun
meat from a bird’s breast, or from the front part of the body of some other animals

brisket noun
meat, usually BEEF , from an animal’s chest

chop noun
a small piece of meat with a bone in it, usually from a sheep or a pig

chuck noun
CHUCK STEAK

chuck steak noun

a piece of meat taken from the neck and shoulder of a cow
chump noun
BRITISH a thick end of a piece of meat

cut noun
a piece of meat that has been cut from a particular part of the animal

cutlet noun
a flat piece of meat still connected to a bone, usually a piece of LAMB or VEAL

drumstick noun
the lower part of the leg of a chicken or other bird, cooked and eaten as food

escalope noun
BRITISH a thin piece of meat that you cook in hot fat

filet
another spelling of fillet 1
fillet noun
a long thin piece of meat with no bones in it

flank noun
the side of an animal’s body between its HIP and its RIBS , or the meat from this part of
an animal’s body

haunch noun
the upper part of an animal’s leg, used as meat

hock noun
the part above a pig’s back foot that is sometimes eaten as meat

knuckle noun
a piece of meat from an animal’s lower leg

leg noun
a piece of meat that comes from an animal’s leg

loin noun
a piece of meat from the sides or back of an animal, near the tail

marrow bone noun

a bone that has marrow inside it, sometimes used for adding flavour to soup

neck noun
the flesh of an animal’s neck when eaten as food

pork belly noun

a piece of fresh meat from one side of a pig

rasher noun
a thin flat piece of BACON or HAM

rib noun
a piece of meat that is attached to the rib of an animal

rump steak noun

meat that comes from a cow’s RUMP

shank noun
the lower part of an animal’s leg, or meat from an animal’s leg

shoulder noun
the upper part of the front leg of an animal, or meat from this part

side noun
one half of the body of a cow, pig, or other large animal, used as food

sirloin noun
an expensive piece of BEEF taken from a cow’s lower back

spare ribs noun

meat that comes from the chest of an animal, especially a pig, that is cooked and eaten
with the bones in
steak noun
the meat from a cow, especially a piece without fat that is high in quality

steak noun
BRITISH meat from a cow that is cut into small pieces and used for making things like
STEW a very thick soup

steak noun
a large piece of another type of meat or fish

T-bone steak noun

a thick piece of BEEF containing a bone shaped like the letter T

tenderloin noun
meat of good quality that is cut from the side of a pig or cow

thigh noun
the upper part of the leg of a bird, eaten as food

topside noun
BRITISH BEEF cut from the top outer part of a cow’s leg

trotter noun
the foot of a pig, sometimes cooked and eaten as food

wing noun
the meat from the wing of a chicken etc, eaten as food

wishbone noun
a bone shaped like a Y in a cooked bird. Traditionally, two people pull the bone and the
person who gets the larger piece can make a wish.

a rack of lamb pork

a large piece of meat from a sheep pig that consists of its chest and RIBS

Types of Meat

bacon noun
meat from a pig that is treated with smoke or salt, and is often cooked in RASHERS thin
pieces

beef noun
the meat from a cow

beef noun
relating to this meat

bushmeat noun
the meat of wild animals that have been killed for food

chicken noun
the meat of a chicken
crab noun
the meat from a crab eaten as food

crabmeat noun
the meat from a CRAB

dark meat noun

meat from a part of a bird such as its leg that is darker than the rest Lighter meat is
called white meat .

duck noun
the meat of a duck

goose noun
the meat of a goose

ground beef noun

AMERICAN MINCE

horseflesh noun
HORSE MEAT

lamb noun
the meat from a young sheep

lean noun
meat that has very little fat in it

meat noun
a particular type of meat

meatball noun
meat that is cut into very small pieces, shaped into a ball, and cooked

mince noun
BRITISH meat, especially BEEF , that has been cut into very small pieces using a machine.
The American word is ground beef .
mincemeat noun
minced meat

mutton noun
the meat from an adult sheep

partridge noun
the meat from a partridge

pheasant noun
the meat from a pheasant

pork noun
the meat from a pig

poultry noun
meat from birds such as chickens

quail noun
 this bird eaten as food

rabbit noun
the meat from a rabbit

red meat noun

meat such as BEEF or LAMB that is red before it is cooked and dark after you have cooked
it. Meat that is pale after you have cooked it is called white meat .

stewing steak noun

BEEF meat from a cow that is suitable for cooking in a STEW

streaky bacon noun

BACON thin pieces of meat from a pig that has lines of fat in it

turkey noun
the meat of a turkey

veal noun
meat from a young cow

venison noun
the meat from a DEER

white meat noun

meat such as chicken or PORK that is pale after you have cooked it Meat that is dark
after cooking is called red meat .

white meat noun

meat from the top part of a bird, for example its breast Meat from the lower part is
called dark meat .

wild boar noun

the meat of a wild pig

Cooked and Preserved Meats

biltong noun
SOUTH AFRICAN long pieces of meat without much fat that have been dried in the sun, for
example from an ANTELOPE or a BUFFALO

brawn noun
BRITISH meat from a pig’s head that is cooked and pressed into a firm shape, then eaten
cold

cold cuts noun

MAINLY AMERICAN thin pieces of different types of cooked meat that you eat cold

corned beef noun

cooked BEEF that has been preserved in salt water

crackling noun
the hard skin on a piece of cooked PORK
faggot noun
BRITISH a food in the form of a ball made of small pieces of meat mixed with bread

gammon noun
BRITISH a type of HAM cooked meat from a pig’s leg that you eat hot

ham noun
the meat from the top part of the back legs of a pig, preserved using salt or smoke

ham noun
a large piece of ham

jerky noun
AMERICAN meat cut in thin STRIPS and dried

joint noun
a large piece of meat cooked in an oven

luncheon meat noun

a type of food consisting of pieces of cooked meat pressed together, sold in a TIN metal
container and eaten cold

parson’s nose noun

BRITISH INFORMAL the piece of meat that forms the tail of a chicken when it has been
cooked

pastrami noun
cooked BEEF with a strong flavour that is usually cut into thin pieces and served cold in
sandwiches

pork scratchings noun

BRITISH pieces of pig’s skin cooked in hot fat, usually eaten cold

prosciutto noun
Italian raw HAM that is served cut into thin pieces

roast noun
a large piece of meat that has been cooked in an oven or over a fire

sausage meat noun

meat cut into very small pieces so that it can be put into a tube of skin

small goods noun

AUSTRALIAN prepared meat products, for example SAUSAGE and SALAMI

wiener noun
AMERICAN a FRANKFURTER

Burgers and Sausages

banger noun
BRITISH INFORMAL a SAUSAGE

beefburger noun
 BRITISH MINCED BEEF meat from a cow cut up into very small pieces that is cooked in a flat
round shape and served in a bread roll

beefburger noun
MAINLY AMERICAN a sandwich made of loose minced beef

black pudding noun

a type of thick SAUSAGE made from the meat and blood of a pig, traditionally cut into
round pieces and eaten for breakfast

boerewors noun
SOUTH AFRICAN a large SAUSAGE with a strong hot flavour that people make at home

bologna noun
AMERICAN a type of SAUSAGE made from different meats, often eaten in sandwiches

boloney
another spelling of baloney

burger noun
meat from a cow cut up into very small pieces that is cooked in a flat round
MINCED BEEF
shape and served in a bread roll

burger noun
pieces of meat or vegetable that are pressed together, cooked in a flat round shape,
and served in a bread roll

cheeseburger noun
a type of BURGER that has a piece of cheese on top of the meat

chipolata noun
BRITISH a small thin SAUSAGE

chorizo noun
a type of SAUSAGE containing strong SPICES from Spain or Latin America

frankfurter noun
a long thin SAUSAGE that is often eaten inside a long thin bread roll

hamburger noun
a food made by pressing small pieces of BEEF meat from a cow into a flat round shape
and cooking it in oil. Hamburgers are usually eaten in a bread roll and are often called
beefburgers or simply burgers .

hot dog noun

the type of soft sausage that is used to make a hot dog sandwich

liver sausage noun

BRITISH a type of SAUSAGE food consisting of small pieces of meat in a tube of skin made
using liver, usually cut into thin SLICES and eaten cold

liverwurst noun
MAINLY AMERICAN another word for LIVER SAUSAGE

pepperoni noun
a type of Italian SAUSAGE that is used in foods such as PIZZA
salami noun
a type of SAUSAGE containing strong SPICES , cut thin and served cold

sausage noun
a food that consists of a tube of skin containing very small pieces of meat mixed with
SPICES

Vegeburger
TRADEMARK a BURGER made of vegetables or beans

a quarter-pounder half-pounder
a BURGER that weighs a quarter of a pound half a pound

Words Used to Describe Meat

boneless adjective
boneless meat or fish has had the bones removed before it is sold

bony adjective
fish that is bony has a lot of bones in it, making it difficult to eat

flyblown adjective
flyblown meat has flies’ eggs on it

jellied adjective
jellied meat or fish has been covered with a solid clear substance that you can eat

jerk adjective
jerk meat has been MARINATED in a mixture of SPICES with a strong flavour

lean adjective
lean meat has very little fat in it

meaty adjective
containing a lot of meat

skinless adjective
skinless meat has had the skin removed from it

tough adjective
food, especially meat, that is tough is very difficult to cut and CHEW

on off the bone

with without the bones still in it

Food for Animals

birdseed noun
seeds that you give to birds as food

bone meal noun

 a substance made of crushed bones, used as food for animals or for helping plants to
grow

corn noun
the seeds of a corn plant that are cooked as food or fed to animals

cud noun
food that animals such as cows and sheep bring back into their mouths to CHEW again
after they have swallowed it

dog biscuit noun

a type of hard dry food given to dogs

feed noun
food given to animals

fishmeal noun
a powder of dried fish that you use to feed animals or to fertilize the soil to help plants
to grow

fodder noun
food, especially HAY or STRAW , for animals such as cows and horses

forage noun
food for animals, especially crops grown for horses and cows

hay noun
long grass that has been cut and dried, used for feeding animals

mash noun
a mixture of crushed grains used as food for animals

meal noun
crushed grain, used as food for people or animals

millet noun
a type of grain often used as food for birds

pigswill noun
BRITISH waste food that is used for feeding pigs

ryegrass noun
a type of grass that is used for feeding animals

silage noun
grass and plants that are preserved and used for feeding farm animals

slops noun
waste food or drink fed to pigs and other animals on farms

swill noun
a liquid containing waste food, used for feeding pigs

Substances and Chemicals in Food and Drink

additive noun
a substance that is added in small amounts to something, especially food, in order to
make it last longer, look more attractive, or improve it in some way

albumin noun
BIOLOGY a protein that is in the white part of an egg, in milk, and in blood PLASMA

ascorbic acid noun

CHEMISTRY VITAMIN C

aspartame noun
an artificial substance that does not contain many CALORIES that is added to food or drink
to make it taste sweeter

butterfat noun
the fat in milk

caffeine noun
a substance in coffee and tea that makes you feel awake. Drinks that have had the
caffeine removed are decaffeinated or caffeine-free .

carbohydrate noun
a substance found in foods such as sugar, bread, and potatoes. Carbohydrates
BIOLOGY
supply your body with heat and energy.

coloring
the American spelling of colouring

curd noun
the solid substance that forms in milk when it starts to become sour

E noun
INFORMAL an E NUMBER

emulsifier noun
a substance added to a food or drink to stop liquid and solid parts from
SCIENCE
separating

E number noun
a number that represents a chemical that is added to food

fat noun
a soft white substance on meat

fat noun
oil found in food

fatty acid noun

BIOLOGY an acid found in fats and oils in animals and plants

fiber
the American spelling of fibre

fibre noun
 the parts of fruit, vegetables, and grains that your body cannot DIGEST change into
substances it can use . It helps food to pass through your body

flavoring
the American spelling of flavouring

flavouring noun
a substance added to food or drink to give it a particular flavour

folic acid noun

an important B VITAMIN , found in green vegetables and liver. It is especially
MEDICAL
important for pregnant women.

food noun
the things that plants need in order to grow

fructose noun
BIOLOGY a type of sugar found in some fruits and HONEY

glucose noun
BIOLOGY a sugar that is produced in plants through PHOTOSYNTHESIS and in animals’ bodies
when CARBOHYDRATES are separated into the parts they consist of

gluten noun
a sticky natural substance that is found in some foods, especially wheat

goodness noun
substances such as VITAMINS and proteins that are contained in some foods and that help
you to stay healthy

grease noun
fat that comes out of meat when you cook it

gristle noun
a strong substance that surrounds the JOINTS of animals and is difficult to eat when you
find it in meat
iron noun
small quantities of iron, existing in some foods and in your body, which is important for
good health

lactose noun
CHEMISTRY a type of sugar that is present in milk and is sometimes used in artificial baby
milk

mineral noun
a natural substance in some foods that you need for good health, for example iron and
CALCIUM

monosodium glutamate noun

CHEMISTRY MSG

MSG noun
CHEMISTRY monosodium glutamate: a chemical added to food to improve its flavour

niacin noun
a type of VITAMIN that exists in milk and other foods
nutrient noun
BIOLOGY a substance in food that plants, animals, and people need to live and grow

preservative noun
CHEMISTRY a chemical substance used for preventing food or wood from decaying

prion noun
BIOLOGY a type of PROTEIN that is believed to be responsible for the serious brain diseases
BSE and CJD

protein noun
a substance in food such as meat, eggs, and milk that people need in order to grow and
be healthy

RDA noun
recommended daily allowance: the amount of something such as a VITAMIN that you
should have every day

riboflavin noun
a substance found in eggs, milk, liver, and green vegetables that your body needs to
stay healthy. Riboflavin is a VITAMIN .

roughage noun
fibre that helps food and waste to pass through your body

saccharin noun
a chemical substance used instead of sugar for making food and drinks sweet

saturated fat noun

CHEMISTRYfat from animal food such as meat or milk. Eating too much saturated fat can
lead to high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood.

sodium bicarbonate noun

CHEMISTRY a white powder used for making cakes rise

stabiliser
a British spelling of stabilizer

stabilizer noun
a substance added to some prepared foods to stop the taste or appearance from
changing

starch noun
a white substance without any taste that is found in rice, potatoes, and other
vegetables. It is a type of CARBOHYDRATE that gives you energy.

stimulant noun
a substance that makes you feel more awake when you eat it or drink it

sweetener noun
a substance added to food or drink to make it taste sweeter

tannin noun
a substance in wine that gives it a slightly bitter taste

thiamin noun
 a natural chemical in many types of food that your body uses to make your
MEDICAL
nerves work correctly. It belongs to the VITAMIN B group.

trans fat noun

a type of solid fat such as MARGARINE produced when vegetable oils are changed by a
chemical process These fats are considered bad for your health because they increase
your CHOLESTEROL level .

vitamin noun
MEDICALnatural substances found in food that are necessary to keep your body healthy.
Each vitamin is given a name using a letter of the alphabet, for example vitamin C
which is found in many fruit and vegetables. A vitamin deficiency is a medical
condition caused by lack of vitamins

vitamin A noun
MEDICALa vitamin found in some vegetables, fish, milk, and eggs that is important for
sight, your skin, and the growth of TISSUE

vitamin B noun
any one of a group of vitamins found in CEREAL
MEDICAL GRAINS , LIVER , and YEAST that is
important for growth, your blood, and your nerves

vitamin C noun
MEDICALa vitamin found especially in oranges and lemons and in vegetables with green
leaves that is important for your skin, teeth, bones, and blood

vitamin D noun
a vitamin found in fish and eggs that is important for bones and teeth. It is also
MEDICAL
produced by the action of SUNLIGHT on your skin.

whey noun
a thin liquid that is formed when milk becomes sour

Words used to describe the flavours of food or drink

Words Used to Describe Specific Tastes and Flavours

acid adjective
very sour
acidic adjective
very sour
astringent adjective
an astringent taste is one that is strong and bitter
bitter adjective
something that is bitter has a strong sharp taste that is not sweet
bitter-sweet adjective
tasting bitter and sweet at the same time
brackish adjective
brackish water has a slight taste of salt and is therefore not pure
chocolate noun
made from or tasting of chocolate
chocolatey adjective
chocolatey food has a lot of chocolate in it, or tastes like chocolate
fiery adjective
food that is fiery makes your mouth feel very hot when you eat it
flavored
the American spelling of flavoured
flavoured adjective
tasting a particular way or of a particular thing
flavoured adjective
having had something added to give a particular taste
hot adjective
hot food contains a lot of SPICES that create a burning feeling in your mouth
mature adjective
mature cheese, wine etc has been left to develop a pleasant strong flavour
mild adjective
mild food does not have a strong taste
ripe adjective
ripe cheese or wine has a strong flavour
robust adjective
robust food or drink has a lot of flavour
savoury adjective
tasting of salt or SPICES and not sweet
seasoned adjective
containing seasonings to improve flavour
sharp adjective
a food that is sharp has a strong and bitter flavour
sour adjective
with a taste like a lemon
spicy adjective
spicy food has a strong hot flavour
sweet-and-sour adjective
sweet-and-sour food contains both sweet and sour flavours
sweetish adjective
a sweetish taste or smell is slightly sweet
syrupy adjective
thick, sweet, and sticky
tart adjective
tart food or drinks have a slightly sour taste
unsalted adjective
not flavoured with salt
watery adjective
pale, or not strong

Words Used to Describe the State or Consistency of

Food

buttery adjective
buttery food has a lot of butter in it, or tastes as if it has butter in it

calorific adjective
containing a lot of calories and therefore likely to make you fat

caramelised
a British spelling of caramelized
caramelized adjective
caramelized food has a layer of slightly burnt sugar on it

chewy adjective
chewy food has to be chewed for some time before it is soft enough to swallow

chilled adjective
chilled food or drink has been made cold in order to make it more pleasant or to keep it
fresh

cool adjective
food that is cool is no longer hot

cream noun
used about food that contains cream

creamy adjective
containing or made from cream

crisp adjective
crisp food is firm in a pleasant way and makes a noise when you bite it

crispy adjective
food that is crispy is firm in a pleasant way, and makes a noise when you bite it

crunchy adjective
crunchy foods make a loud noise when you bite them

crystallized adjective
crystallized fruits or sweet foods are covered with sugar CRYSTALS

deep pan adjective

a deep pan PIZZA has a thick DOUGH base

diabetic adjective
made for people who have diabetes

diet noun
containing less sugar or fat than other similar foods

digestible adjective
food that is digestible is easily changed into substances that your body needs

dry adjective
dry food contains little or no liquid, such as fat or juice

fat-free adjective
containing no fat

fattening adjective
making you fat

fatty adjective
containing a lot of fat
fatty adjective
consisting of fat

filling adjective
food that is filling makes you feel full quickly

fleshy adjective
containing flesh

floury adjective
covered with flour

fluffy adjective
food that is fluffy is soft and light because it contains a lot of air

fresh adjective
fresh food has been recently picked, caught, or prepared

fruity adjective
containing a lot of fruit

GM adjective
genetically modified: used for describing crops whose genes have been changed to give
them particular qualities, or for describing foods made from them

greasy adjective
prepared with a lot of oil or fat

green adjective
made from the green leaves of vegetables

heavy adjective
food that is heavy is rather solid and not enjoyable

herbal adjective
connected with HERBS , or made from herbs

iced adjective
an iced cake or BISCUIT is covered with ICING

indigestible adjective
indigestible food is difficult for your body to DIGEST

instant adjective
instant food or drink can be prepared in a very short time, usually by adding hot water

jammy adjective
covered and sticky with JAM

light adjective
food or drink that is light has less fat or alcohol than other similar food or drink. This
word is sometimes spelt lite on food labels

lite adjective
a spelling of ‘light’ that is often used in the names of foods and drinks that contain less
sugar or fat than usual
live adjective
live YOGHURT contains the living bacteria that are used to make it

lo-cal adjective
INFORMAL LOW-CALORIE

low adjective
used about foods that contain a smaller amount of a substance than usual

low-cal adjective
INFORMAL low-calorie

low-calorie adjective
low-calorie foods or drinks help people to lose weight because they do not contain
many CALORIES

low-fat adjective
low-fat food contains only a small amount of fat

mentholated adjective
containing menthol

microwavable adjective
able to be cooked in a microwave

microwaveable
another spelling of microwavable

milky adjective
containing milk or a liquid that looks like milk
mushroom noun
containing or made from mushrooms

non-fat adjective
non-fat food and drinks contain no fat or very little fat

nourishing adjective
providing the food needed to live, grow, and be healthy

nutritive adjective
a nutritive substance is one that is used by living things to help them to grow and be
healthy

nutritive adjective
connected with NUTRITION

nutty adjective
containing nuts, or having the taste of nuts

organic adjective
organic food or drink is produced using only a small number of artificial chemicals

peanut noun
containing or made with peanuts
perishable adjective
perishable food decays after a short time, especially if it is not kept cold

picnic noun
used about the things that you use or eat at a picnic

plain adjective
plain food is simple and does not have a lot of things added to it

raw adjective
raw food has not been cooked, or has not been thoroughly cooked

rich adjective
containing a lot of things such as butter, eggs, or cream that make your stomach feel
full very quickly

skinny adjective
MAINLY AMERICAN INFORMAL low in fat

slimline adjective
BRITISH containing fewer CALORIES than usual in order not to make you fat

sloppy adjective
sloppy food is not thick or solid enough

soupy adjective
containing too much liquid

soused adjective
kept in a liquid such as VINEGAR or alcohol for a long time
spoilt adjective
spoilt food has started to decay

starchy adjective
starchy foods have a lot of STARCH in them

sticky adjective
sticky food contains a lot of sugar and has a sticky surface

stodgy adjective
stodgy food is heavy and makes you feel too full

strained adjective
put through a strainer to remove any lumps

stringy adjective
full of fibres and difficult to cut and eat

stuffed adjective
stuffed meat or vegetables have been filled with some other type of food

sugar-coated adjective
covered in sugar

tender adjective
tender food is soft and easy to cut and eat
tough adjective
food, especially meat, that is tough is very difficult to cut and CHEW

unclean adjective
unclean food or drink cannot be eaten or drunk by people belonging to a particular
religion

uneaten adjective
not eaten

unrefined adjective
unrefined products such as sugar and oil have not been changed from their natural
state

vegetarian adjective
relating to or intended for vegetarians

warmed-over adjective
AMERICAN WARMED-UP for eating

warmed-up adjective
warmed-up food had gone cold but has been heated again to make it warm enough to
eat

wheaten adjective
BRITISH made using wheat

whipped adjective
food that is whipped has had air mixed into it, so that it is very light
aphrodisiac adjective

floured adjective

scrambled adjective

sugared adjective

Taste, Flavour and Consistency

taste noun
the flavour that something creates in your mouth when you eat or drink it

flavour noun
a pleasant or strong taste

tang noun
a taste or smell that is strong and bitter in a pleasant way

savour noun
FORMAL a flavour or smell, especially a pleasant one

sweetness noun
the sweet smell or taste of something
bite noun
a pleasant bitter or strong taste

body noun
the strong flavour of wine or another alcoholic drink

texture noun
the way that food feels when you are eating it

aftertaste noun
a taste, usually one that is unpleasant, that remains in your mouth after you eat or
drink something

blandness noun
flavor
the American spelling of flavour
flavour noun
the particular taste that food or drink has
ripeness noun
staleness noun
smokiness noun
piquancy noun
waxiness noun
wholesomeness noun

Tasting Good

tasty adjective
tasty food has a nice flavour

edible adjective
food that is edible is safe or good enough to eat

appetizing adjective
appetizing food smells or looks very good

flavourful adjective
tasting especially good

delicious adjective
with a very pleasant taste or smell

juicy adjective
juicy food tastes good because it contains a lot of liquid

palatable adjective
tasting good enough to eat or drink

succulent adjective
succulent meat, fruit etc is full of juice and tastes good
tangy adjective
with a taste or smell that is strong and bitter in a pleasant way

full adjective
a full flavour is strong in a pleasant way

fresh adjective
still good to eat because of being prepared or produced recently

aromatic adjective
an aromatic plant, substance, or food smells especially good

delectable adjective
very pleasant, especially to eat or drink

eatable adjective
good enough to eat, or safe to eat

toothsome adjective
toothsome food looks, smells, or tastes good

luscious adjective
luscious food looks, smells, and tastes especially good

drinkable adjective
tasting good

smooth adjective
a smooth drink or flavour is not too strong or bitter, and tastes good
delicately adverb
in a way that is pleasant and not too strong in flavour, smell, or colour

mellow adjective
with a smooth full taste

delicate adjective
a delicate taste, smell, or colour is pleasant and not too strong

light adjective
a cake that is light tastes nice because it has a lot of air in it

appetising
a British spelling of appetizing

flavorful
the American spelling of flavourful

flavorsome
the American spelling of flavoursome

gourmet adjective
gourmet food is of a very high quality

savory
the American spelling of savoury
yum interjection
INFORMAL used for saying that you like the taste or smell of something

mouth-watering adjective
mouth-watering food smells or looks very good

yummy adjective
INFORMAL food that is yummy tastes extremely good

flavoursome adjective
tasting especially good

scrumptious adjective
INFORMAL tasting extremely nice

savoury adjective
pleasant to smell or taste

scrummy adjective
BRITISH INFORMAL tasting very nice

piquant adjective
MAINLY LITERARY food or drink that is piquant has a strong and pleasant flavour

mm interjection
SPOKEN used for showing that you think food looks or tastes good

fancy adjective
AMERICAN fancy food is of very good quality

melt in your mouth

if food melts in your mouth, it becomes soft in your mouth and tastes very good

nectar of the gods

HUMOROUS used for saying that a drink tastes extremely good

deliciously adverb
appetizingly adverb
piquantly adverb

Tasting Bad or Lacking Flavour

stale adjective
stale food such as bread is old and no longer fresh

nasty adjective
very unpleasant to taste, smell, see, or feel

rancid adjective
rancid food contains fats or oils that are no longer fresh and have an unpleasant taste
and smell

sour adjective
 with an unpleasant taste or smell, especially because of no longer being fresh

inedible adjective
too unpleasant or poisonous to eat

unpalatable adjective
FORMAL unpalatable food tastes unpleasant

tasteless adjective
having no flavour
bland adjective
not having a strong taste and therefore not very interesting to eat

insipid adjective
FORMAL not enjoyable to eat or drink because of having very little taste

bad adjective
no longer fresh or good to eat or drink

pungent adjective
a pungent taste or smell is very strong and sharp

acrid adjective
an acrid smell or taste is very strong, bitter, and unpleasant in your nose and throat

uneatable adjective
not safe or pleasant to eat
overpowering adjective
an overpowering smell or taste is very strong

rank adjective
with a strong unpleasant smell or taste

watery adjective
watery food or drink contains a lot of water and has a weak taste

sickly adjective
something such as a smell or taste that is sickly is so unpleasant that it makes you feel
sick

light adjective
used about foods and drinks that do not have a strong taste

unappetizing adjective
food that is unappetizing does not taste good or does not have an attractive
appearance

off adjective, adverb, preposition

food that is off is no longer fresh and is not good to eat

spoiled adjective
SPOILT

unsavoury adjective
food that is unsavoury smells and looks bad
stewed adjective
BRITISH stewed tea has become too strong and has developed an unpleasant taste

icky adjective
SPOKEN very unpleasant to touch, look at, smell, or taste

tainted adjective
MAINLY AMERICAN tainted food is not safe to eat because it is no longer fresh

unappetizingly adverb

Tasting Like a Particular Thing

buttery adjective
buttery food has a lot of butter in it, or tastes as if it has butter in it

chalky adjective
feeling or tasting like CHALK

cheesy adjective
tasting like cheese, or tasting of cheese

chocolate noun
made from or tasting of chocolate
chocolatey adjective
chocolatey food has a lot of chocolate in it, or tastes like chocolate

fishy adjective
tasting or smelling like fish

floury adjective
like flour in taste or appearance

flowery adjective
a flowery smell or taste reminds you of flowers

fruity adjective
tasting or smelling like fruit

gamey adjective
with the strong flavour of a wild animal or bird

gamy
another spelling of gamey

garlicky adjective
smelling or tasting of garlic

ginger adjective
containing or tasting of ginger

honeyed adjective
sweet like honey
metallic adjective
with a taste like metal

minted adjective
flavoured with MINT

minty adjective
smelling or tasting of MINT

nutty adjective
containing nuts, or having the taste of nuts

peachy adjective
similar to a PEACH in colour, taste, or smell

peppery adjective
flavoured with or tasting like pepper

plummy adjective
similar to a PLUM in colour or flavour

salty adjective
containing salt, or tasting like salt

smoky adjective
tasting or smelling of smoke

sugary adjective
tasting sweet from sugar

sweet adjective
tasting like sugar

vanilla adjective
made from vanilla, or with vanilla added for flavour

vinegary adjective
tasting of vinegar

yeasty adjective

Preserved in a Particular Way

canned adjective
canned food has been preserved in a metal container without air

chilled adjective
chilled food or drink has been made cold in order to make it more pleasant or to keep it
fresh

dehydrated adjective
dehydrated food has been preserved by having all its water removed
desiccated adjective
desiccated food has had all the water taken out of it in order to preserve it

dried adjective
dried substances such as food, milk, or flowers have had the water removed from them

freeze-dried adjective
food that is freeze-dried is made dry very quickly at very low temperatures in order to
preserve it

frozen adjective
preserved by being made extremely cold and stored at a very low temperature

pickled adjective
preserved in VINEGAR or salt water

potted adjective
BRITISH preserved in a pot, usually as a thick substance

tinned adjective
BRITISH tinned food has been preserved in metal containers. The American word is
canned

vacuum-packed adjective
food that is vacuum-packed is wrapped using a process in which all the air is removed

Amounts and Pieces of Food

batch noun
an amount of a food that is prepared or baked at one time

bed noun
a layer of food on which you put other food

bite noun
a small piece of food prepared so that you can eat it in one bite

bite noun
an amount of food that you bite with your teeth

bowl noun
the food in a bowl, or the amount that a bowl contains

bowlful noun
the food in a bowl, or the amount that a bowl contains

cake noun
a small amount of food formed into a flat round shape and cooked

can noun
the amount of food, drink, paint etc that a metal container holds

consumption noun
the amount that someone eats, drinks, or smokes
crumb noun
a very small piece that falls off a dry food such as bread or cake

crumb noun
INFORMAL a very small amount of food

cup noun
the amount that a cup contains, used in the US as a unit for measuring quantities of
food when you are cooking

cupful noun
the amount of something that a cup contains

dash noun
a small amount of a substance added to food or drink to give it a special flavour

dice noun
small square pieces of food

dollop noun
INFORMAL a large lump of a soft substance, especially food

feast noun
a large amount of a particular food that you enjoy eating

hamper noun
BRITISH a box or basket of food and drink, sometimes given as a present at Christmas

jar noun
the food contained in a jar, or the amount that a jar contains

morsel noun
FORMAL a small piece of food

mountain noun
a large amount of extra food that exists because too much has been produced

mouthful noun
an amount of food or drink that you put in your mouth at one time

nibble noun
a small bite of something

nugget noun
food in the shape of a small lump

pat noun
a small flat piece of butter

plate noun
the amount of food that a plate will hold

plateful noun
the amount of food that a plate will hold

punnet noun
 BRITISH the food contained in a punnet, or the amount that a punnet contains

ration noun
a limited amount of something, especially food, that you are allowed to have, for
example when there is not much available or when someone else is controlling it

rations noun
amounts of food that are provided for people who do not have enough or for people
such as soldiers

rind noun
the hard outer edge of BACON or some types of cheese. You do not usually eat the rind.

round noun
a SLICE of bread or other food

scraps noun
small amounts of food that are left after a meal

seconds noun
a second amount of the food that you have just eaten

serving noun
an amount of food for one person
slab noun
a large piece of food

slice noun
a flat piece of food that has been cut from something larger

strength noun
the amount of a substance in food, drink, medicine etc

sugar noun
the amount of sugar that is contained in a TEASPOON

taste noun
a small amount of food or drink that you eat or drink in order to see what flavour it has

tidbit noun
AMERICAN a TITBIT

titbit noun
BRITISH a small piece of food

topping noun
a layer of food put on top of other food, for example on a cake, ice cream, or PIZZA

yoghurt noun
the amount in a container of this food

a stick of butter margarine

AMERICAN a long thin piece of butter or MARGARINE that you buy from a shop