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Mediums - the materials or substance out of which a work is made and gray
Painting - The use of pigments, usually on a flat surface, to depict o Value – lightness (tint) and darkness (shade) of color
someone or something (watercolor, oil, acrylic, poster, textile, ink, 5. Space - positive (foreground/subject) and negative
spray, fresco tempera) (background)
- binder - substances that hold the particles of the pigment 6. Texture – surface quality of art
together Principles of Design – how the elements are used
Sculpting – use of metal, wood, stone, clay, ice, food, concrete or o Pattern - arrangement of alternated or repeated elements
glass to create a three-dimensional artwork or motifs
Printing – uses ink or pigment to print or transfer on to a surface o Contrast - highlights differences & creates visual interest
meant for duplicating or reproducing something (silk screen, metal, o Emphasis - special attention or importance given to a part
woodblock, laser) o Balance - symmetry or asymmetry
Music - use of vocal or instrumental sounds to produce beauty of o Proportion - the relationship between elements with
form, harmony, and expression of emotion respect to size and number
Dance - the use of one’s body and its movements, usually o Rhythm/Movement - the use of recurring elements to
accompanied by music; tells stories and convey abstract ideas direct the movement of the eye
Theater - integrates all the arts and uses the stage, production o Variety – the use of diff elements to create visual interest
design, performance elements, and script to enable various aspects o Harmony - the coherent arrangements of the principles as
to come together as a whole a whole
Photography - the art, application, and practice of producing images Stylistic tendencies – attributed to the creative inventions of artists
by recording light with the use of a camera working at certain times and in specific places
Film - the use of moving images, sounds, music, camera shots, Stylistic changes – happens when artists adapt to their environment
lighting, action, dialogues, etc. (culture, traditions, lifestyle)
4 Styles based on Stylistic Tendencies
Characteristics of Contemporary Arts 1. Objective Accuracy – detached observer and selective eye
o not confined in a museum, can be found everywhere (galleries, o detached observer – art appears to have been made by a
art schools, streets, public spaces, etc.) reporter who is observing a subject or a photographer
o online selling is much easier using a candid camera; a real representation of reality
o many artists did not have formal education o selective eye – creates an illusion of reality by eliminating
o different materials are now accessible details that the eyes see; results from observation and
o in arki, different shapes and forms have emerged as a result of simplification; either piled up details to create complexity
the use of different materials or suppresses details without the loss of essential traits
o incorporated with different fields such as, fabrication, Devices for Objective Accuracy:
carpentry, engineering, welding, etc. o correct drawing – accuracy of subject
o originality isn’t an issue (pastiche, reproduction, parody) o control and handling of illumination – manage the lighting
o process is essential and shadows of subjects, as well as transitions and the
o subjects: life, thoughts, ideas, beliefs, and others that define source of light
human life o focus – where the eye of the viewer is drawn to
o color – connected w/ the description of the subj.; varies
Art Appreciation depending on the amount and source of light
Analysis – starts with the description of the artwork; focuses on o perspective – illusion of flatness, depth, space
beauty, design qualities, and other visual aspects of art 2. Style of Formal Order – intellectual; results are from careful
Interpretation – focuses on expressive qualities, the meaning, study of the subject matter and how it can be broken into
theme, mood, and the idea that the piece wants to convey parts without creating chaos or incoherence in the artwork
Judgment – done after analysis and interpretation; opinion based 3. Style of Emotion – themes of emotion; can be expressed
on evidences and one’s own criteria through movement and energy, as well as brushstrokes
4. Style of Fantasy – outputs of strange forms; originates from
Art Production both logical and irrational mental processes; may be
Fine Arts – painting, sculpture, architecture objectively accurate or subjectively distorted
Technique – a personal way of using a medium
Craftsmanship – skill of doing what can be done with a medium and Pencil Techniques
the ability to do it Hatching, Cross-Hatching, Smudging, Stippling, Scumbling, Back-
Purposes: Art for art’s sake and art for life’s sake And-Forth Strokes, Contouring, Scribbling