LDR Sensor Physics, Sem 2

Chapter 1

Introduction
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WHAT IS LDR??
An LDR is a component that has a resistance that changes with the light intensity
that falls upon it. This allows them to be used in light sensing circuits. The most
common types of LDR has a resistance that falls with an increase in light intensity
falling upon the device. The resistance of LDR may typically have the following
resistance:
Daylight = 5000Ω
Dark= 20000000Ω

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VIVA COLLEGE OF DIPLOMA ENGG & TECH, MECHANICAL ENGG Submitted by: Group 111-120
 LDR Sensor Physics, Sem 2

Chapter 2

Project Details
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Automatic Night Light

Resources used : LDR, Transistor, 9 Volt battery and cap, 330Ω resistor, Diode, 6
Volt relay, PCB,.

 PCB Board : PCB is a mechanically supported and electrically connected

electronic component, this board includes wire wrap and point to point
construction. The components are generally soldered into the PCB to both
electrically and mechanically fasten them to it.

 Transistor : A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or

switch electronic signal and electrical power.

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VIVA COLLEGE OF DIPLOMA ENGG & TECH, MECHANICAL ENGG Submitted by: Group 111-120
 LDR Sensor Physics, Sem 2

 Resistor : A resistor is a electrical component that limits or regulates the

flow of electric current in an circuit. It can also be used to provide a specific
voltage for active device.

 DIODE : A diode is a specialized electric component with two electrodes

called the anode and the cathode, most diode are made up of semiconductor.

 Relay : A relay is an electrical switch. Many relay uses electromagnet to

operate a system.

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VIVA COLLEGE OF DIPLOMA ENGG & TECH, MECHANICAL ENGG Submitted by: Group 111-120
 LDR Sensor Physics, Sem 2

We have made a automatic night light. This night light works on LDR System. The
main part of the circuit is the LDR . it is a sensor which is particular kind of of
resistor whose resistance decreases when exposed to light. Likewise it offers high
resistance in dark. The resistance value changes from few 100 ohms to mega ohms
range. The LDR is placed in a potential divider network, so voltage across LDR
changes with intensity of light. Voltage across the LDR is given to the positive
terminal of comparator. Now a reference voltage is required to compare with the
voltage across LDR. That the reference voltage is made by using the port or preset.
So this preset can be used to adjust the sensitivity of the current.
Next is the comparator made using LM358 op-amp which compares the voltage
level at its two inputs and give output accordingly. If the voltage at positive
terminal is greater, the output will be high and if the voltage at negative terminal is
greater, the output will be low.

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VIVA COLLEGE OF DIPLOMA ENGG & TECH, MECHANICAL ENGG Submitted by: Group 111-120
 LDR Sensor Physics, Sem 2

Chapter 3

Conclusion
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Thus my making this circuit we understood different electronic parts and
components of LDR system and also uses of LDSRs and its applications of LDR.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ldr
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nightlampofldr
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/componentsofldr
Nirali prakashan Applied science.

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VIVA COLLEGE OF DIPLOMA ENGG & TECH, MECHANICAL ENGG Submitted by: Group 111-120