IOT-BASED OLED LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR

PROVIDING COMFORT SPACE

A SEMINAR REPORT

submitted by

RAHUL RAJEEVAN
VML15CS043

to

the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree

of

Bachelor of Technology
In
Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Vimal Jyothi Engineering College
Chemperi - 670632
November 2018
 DECLARATION
I undersigned declare that the seminar report “IOT-BASED OLED LIGHTING
CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING COMFORT SPACE”, submitted for partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of the Master of Technology
of the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, Kerala is a bonafid work done
by me under supervision of Keerthijith P(Assistant Professor). This submission
represents my ideas in my own words and where ideas or words of others have
been included, I have adequately and accurately cited and referenced the original
sources. I also declare that i have adhered to ethics of academic honesty and
integrity and not misrepresented or fabricated any data or idea or fact or source
in my submission. I understand that any violation of the above will be a cause for
disciplinary action by the institute and the university and can also be evoke penal
action from the source which have thus not been properly cited or from whom
proper permission has not been obtained. This report has not been previously
formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or similar title of any other
university.

Place : Chemperi
Date : Rahul Rajeevan

i
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
VIMALJYOTHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHEPERI - 670632

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report entitled IoT-BASED OLED LIGHTINGCONTROL

SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING COMFORT SPACE submitted by Rahul Rajeevan
to the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Technology in Computer
Science and Engineering is a bonafide record of the seminar work carried out by
her under my guidance and supervision.. This report in any form has not been
submitted to any other University or Institute for any purpose.

Internal Supervisor(s) HEAD OF THE DEPT

Seminar Coordinators
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any mission never concludes without cordial co-operation from surroundings. I

take this opportunity to acknowledge all the people who have helped me kind
heartedly in every stages of this work.

It is a matter of great pleasure for me to express my sincere gratitude to the Prin-

cipal, Dr. Benny joseph, Dr. Manoj V Thomas, Head of the Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, and Ms.Akhila Mathew, our Course coordi-
nator, Asst. Professor , Department of Computer Science and Engineering.

I am really thankful to Ms.Keerthijith P , our Project coordinator as well as my

Project guide Asst. Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering
and rest of the instructors in department of Computer Science and Engineering
for their valuable guidance and sincere cooperation for success of this work.

I am thankful to my classmates and well-wishers for sharing their knowledge and

suggestions. I am also thankful to my Parents and Almighty.

iii
 ABSTRACT

A Smart City, today, focuses not only on efficiency of energy, transportation,

and communication, but also on providing a Quality of Life (QoL) using the same
framework and systems that have been created for the former purpose. Providing
a space maintained QoL, i.e., maintaining the indoor comfort in a house is one of
the main components of smart space. This study provides indoor comfort with
a networked lighting system. The proposed system has two main functions: (1)
controlling full color OLED lights via Wi-Fi, and (2) collecting data related to the
environment as well as peoples entries and exits for evaluation of the system to
determine whether the system helps in providing comfort and is used by people
who do not use the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Function (1) provides
for automatic operation and control of full color changing OLED lights via WiFi.
Function (2) measures, collects, and stores the data almost at realtime and utilizes
them for the evaluation of the system itself in order to maintain indoor comfort
by the networked lights. To test the effectiveness of the system, it was installed
at a day-care center in northern Japan for six months. According to the results,
the proposed system showed 100times, and the evaluation functions showed the
rate of indoor comfort,indicated as Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) values. Human
detection around the system ,detected by Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE),could also
be seen.

iv
 CONTENTS
Contents Page No.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF FIGURES vi
ABBREVIATIONS vii
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General Background 1

Chapter 2 PROBLEM DEFINITION 3

Chapter 3 RELATED WORKS 4

3.1 Lighting control 4
3.2 Self-evaluation 5

Chapter 4 METHODOLOGY 6
4.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 6
4.2 EVALUATION 10
4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 11

Chapter 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 16

5.1 Conclusions 16
5.2 Scope for Future work 16

REFERENCES

v
 LIST OF FIGURES
No. Title Page No.

4.1 Overview of the system. 6

4.2 Web interface 7
4.3 Satisfaction of the lighting system. 11
4.4 Seasonal temperature during the experiment. 12
4.5 Hourly average PMV values for six months. 13
4.6 Data collected by BLE devices. 14

vi
 ABBREVIATIONS
BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
IoT Internet of Things
OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
PMV Predicted Mean Vote
QoL Quality of Life

vii
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND

An important component in a Smart Citys residential side is a smart home. A

smart home focuses on energy efficient sensing electricity consumption and gen-
eration in the presence of a photovoltaic(PV)system or any other system capable
of generation of renewable energy.However, now a smart home has diverse pur-
poses; for example, providing indoor comfort by controlling electricity appliances,
such as air conditioners and lightings. Changes in lighting not only support our
lives during the different times of a day, but also help maintain indoor comfort.
Indexes of indoor comfort vary according to human situations, e.g., relaxation,
concentration required for working on assignments, and so on. In this study,
we focus on maintaining a state of relaxation with a networked OLED (Organic
Light Emitting Diode)light control system that accesses light-fittings and changes
their saturation and brightness via a home Wi-Fi network and provides a self-
evaluation function. The self-evaluation function detects indoor comfort around
the location where the system is installed by collecting environmental data and
using these to calculate the Predicted Mean Vote(PMV), which is one of indica-
tors of indoor comfort. In addition, the function detects the number of people
present by using Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE). Light-fittings are essential electri-
cal appliances in a house;therefore, an IoT-based light control system has now
been diffused gradually. For instance, Philips Hue is an IoT smart light control
system that is popular all over the world. Networking modules are built within
electrical appliances and are accessed via the Internet. The proposed system in-
troduces a new lighting control method providing a self-automation environment
that uses web browsers and shows the existing indoor comfort, along with the
number of people who use it, at almost realtime for both users and operators.

1
To test the performance of the system, it was installed at a day care center, Akita
prefecture,in northern Japan for six months. In addition, two experiments were
conducted to test the effectiveness of the light control function in providing indoor
comfort during the summer and autumn months of 2016. The performance of
the self-evaluation function was evaluated using data obtained during these six
months.

2
 CHAPTER 2
PROBLEM DEFINITION
This tell about an effective smart home can be implemented based on the
lighting system. Providing a space maintained QoL, i.e., maintaining the indoor
comfort in a house is one of the main components of smart space. This study
provides indoor comfort with a networked lighting system and demonstrates an
IoT-based OLED lighting control system that consists of two main functions: (1)
lighting control, and (2) self-evaluation using networked sensors and BLE devices.
The lighting control function of the proposed system is capable of altering the
saturations and brightness of the light-fittings to generate a comfort space that
relaxes its users. Moreover, the self-evaluation function of the system collects
environmental data including that related to human existence to evaluate its
usage situation.

3
 CHAPTER 3
RELATED WORKS
In this section,existing products that provide comfort space using IoT-based
lighting are introduced. Before introduction of the lighting system, the present
situation of networked electrical appliances is introduced. IoT modules, that con-
nect wireless networks, are inexpensive and are easily available in the markets.
Therefore, a smart home that aims to connect every entity in a house has been
introduced, gradually. Thus far, energy management systems and energy conser-
vation have received attention. All electrical components in a house are targets of
control via wireless networks.

3.1 LIGHTING CONTROL

As mentioned earlier,Hue is one of the most popular networked lighting sys-

tems that can be accessed via the home Wi-Fi network to change both saturations
and brightness, and customize the users modes, and other functions. Hue con-
sists of networked light bulbs and a bridge to control the bulbs via ZigBee. In
order to see the relation of our study, Hue can also be controlled via the home
Wi-Fi network and connected via Apple Homekit that connects both networked
electrical appliances and tools for developing applications and systems easily.
Another example of a lighting control system in the market is Multifunctional
Light, that is produced by SONY and includes the series of ceiling lights, such
as LGTC- 100/WHJ J1, LGTC-10/MLJ J1, LGTC-10/MLJ J1. This system can also
control the light-fittings via IEEE 802.11 b/g/n, which are in built-in sensors of
monitor,luminance, indoor temperature and humidity, and speakers that play
music. It is evident from the examples that various types of networked lighting
bulbs and systems are available in markets. Hence, these lights are LEDs,but our
system utilizes OLED light and panel types. As mentioned in reference about the

4
future diffusion of OLED lights, OLED lights and networked functions may have
an important role in smart lighting systems. Therefore, we utilized them for the
system.

3.2 SELF-EVALUATION

A self-evaluation function aims to collect data related to the environment and

usage situation that detects the number of people present around the lighting
system in this case. Sleep log devices, such as Sleep Design(HSL-004T)produced
by OMURON, are used to collect environmental data required for the purpose of
evaluation. The device is placed near a pillow and detects motions while individ-
uals are sleeping to determine their sleep quality. In addition, the device includes
an application that visualizes the data acquired and provides advice on improving
an individuals sleeping condition. For example, the device collects environmental
data and determines whether a bedroom provides a suitable environment for an
individual or not. In case of the latter, users need be improve their environment.
It is to be noted that even though the device provides meaningful information
about improving an individuals sleeping behavior, if the environment in a bed-
room itself is unsuitable, the device cannot improve the users sleeping condition.
This study combines the self-evaluation function with the lighting control system
to evaluate its effectiveness. This is a key difference between this study and other
similar researches and products. Here, evaluation data can be used for circulation
to improve the system.

5
 CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY

4.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The proposed system has two main functions: an IoT-based lighting control
function and a self-evaluation function. Fig 4.1 gives an overview of the system.
The self-evaluation function calculates PMV, which is one of indicators for the
evaluation of the indoor comfort, and detects human existence. We now discuss
the different functions in detail.

Fig. 4.1: Overview of the system.

A. IoT-BASED LIGHTING CONTROL FUNCTION

This function works in two ways: (1) operating their own, and (2) automatic
control of full color changing OLED lights via home the Wi-Fi network.

6
 Fig. 4.2: Web interface

• Networked OLED Lighting

An OLED lighting system is a flat and portable device, and consists of six
OLED panels (produced by Pioneer OLED Lighting Corporation) that are
connected to each other and to an embedded Wi-Fi module. The OLED
panel can be controlled via Wi-Fi and can be switched on or off. In addition,
its saturations and brightness for full color change in numbers of RGB and
kelvin(K)can also be controlled via Wi-Fi. Covered with a wooden frame
and shoji, a type of Japanese paper, this OLED lighting is used as a wall
hanging, as shown in Fig. 1, and its width, height and depth are 30 cm, 20
cm, and 5 cm, respectively. Six panels are used for this system.

• Controlling Server
To control the OLED panels, a controlling server has been developed in Rasp-
berry Pi (model B+),which connects the Wi- Fi module, as hardware, with the
software components, Raspbian and Node.js(libraries of JavaScript). Each
of the six panels has a different ID. The server accesses each ID and

sends requests to power on or power off, or change the saturations and the

7
 brightness ,that are represented as binary digits. Once, users change color
and brightness,signals are sent to each panel at the same time.

• Web Interface
Although the OLED panels can be changed with RGB numbers and kelvin,
a web interface provides functions for turning the device on or off ,as well as
for changing the color in 12 shades(beige, bright green, sky blue, blue, pale
blue, pink, bright pink, cherry blossom, orange, pale yellow, and yellow) and
four modes(morning sun, day time, bright weather, and sunset)to change
the panels (Fig. 2). The panels that we used in this study can be blighted
full color, but we selected these colors according to previous works,which
showed that the selected colors may give indoor comfort to users [13]. This
interface can be accessed on web browsers via smart phones and tablets.
Subsequently, users can access this web page if they are on the same Wi-Fi
network. Alternatively, users can access the web page on a different Wi-Fi
network if they know the ID and password.

B. SELF-EVALUATION FUNCTION
This function has two types of sensing: environmental data and human existence.
The former is used to calculate PMV, one of the indicators of indoor comfort level,
and the latter is used to detect human existence around the lighting system by
using BLE devices. The reason why the indoor comfort sensing is conducted with
PMV in this system is that if the PMV (indicator of the indoor comfort)indicated
a bad status in the room, the evaluation of the lighting system would be changed
according to the room’s comfort. In addition, if the users are not within the range
where the lighting system affects human indoor comfort, but answer the ques-
tionnaire for the evaluation of the system, the results will be different. For these
reasons, the self-evaluation function consists of (1) checking the indoor comfort
by PMV, and (2) checking user’s indoor position.

8
• Indoor Comfort Sensing
The networked sensor senses and collects data related to the indoor tem-
perature, indoor humidity, luminance, and carbon dioxide every minute
at 920 MHz. A portable server receives the collected data via a USB don-
gle using a 920 MHz connection, and stores them as shown in Fig. 3. To
calculate PMV values, six elements, namely, indoor temperature, humid-
ity, luminance, wind speed as environmental data, amount of clothing, and
activity mass as physical data, are necessary. Other data are given static
values according to ordinal index, such as averages of indoor wind speed,
amounts of clothing, and activity mass (METs) for each season and situation.
The values for PMV are calculated at nearly real time. The average PMV
range for indoor comfort is -0.5¡ PMV¡0.5. However, as the range is simply
an average,it may not be suitable to all individuals. This value is used as an
indicator of the indoor comfort in smart buildings and home, and therefore,
we utilized it.

• Human Sensing
To detect whether users are in vicinity of the lighting system, BLE devices are
used to send data of radio field intensity, that is one of the ways of sensing
human existence. Fig. 4 shows the BLE devices including a master device
and come slave devices. The master is mounted on ceilings near the lighting
system. Users wear the slave devices of dimensions 6.5 cm 5.3 cm 3.0 cm,
and weight 5 g, around their necks as shown in Fig. 3. The master collects
the radio field intensity (dB) data, whereby the strength of dB values shows
their closeness. The master emits signals to detect each slave, and the salves
send the values to the master via the Bluetooth protocol. Subsequently,
the master sends these values to the portable database, which is the same
database for PMV values.

9
4.2 EVALUATION

To test the proposed system’s effectiveness, the following three points were
evaluated: (1) verifying that the lighting function works smoothly, (2) analyzing
the environment status, and (3) analyzing detection of human existence using
the networked sensor and BLE devices as the self-evaluation functions. In this
section, three methods that evaluate these points have been described. The results
are shown in the next section.

A. VALIDATING LIGHTING FUNCTION

To validate the lighting function, we conducted two experiments during the sum-
mer and autumn months of 2016, at a day care center in Akita prefecture,i n
northern Japan. The function was evaluated on how well it worked. The summer
experiment was conducted with 47 people on August 12, and the lighting system
was used 105 times. The autumn experiment was conducted with 23 people on
October 21, and the lighting system was used for 105 times. In all, the function
worked 210 times during the experiments in the same room (Fig. 5). The summer
experiment was conducted five times, and the autumn experiment was separately
conducted six times.

B. ENVIRONMENT STATUS IN THE EXPERIMENT ROOM

To test the accuracy of the PMV values collected by the proposed system, we
analyzed the PMV values for six months between September and December 2016.
In order to verify the PMV values,open data of the outdoor temperature for the
same period provided by Japan Meteorological Agency was used the method.
Outdoor temperature affects the indoor temperature, hence comparing both data
helped evaluate the effectiveness of environmental sensing.

C. HUMAN DETECTIONS BY BLE DEVICES

To verify human detection by BLE devices, we conducted the experiment three
times with two people using five slave devices during the time of the autumn
experiment. The distances between the BLE devices of the master and the slaves

10
were measured and logged at a location along with the timestamp of the slaves.
These data would be compared to determine the existence of people around the
lighting system.

Fig. 4.3: Satisfaction of the lighting system.

4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The following three points are evaluated: (A) determining the participant’s
background information, in this case, deriving household incomes from levels
of electricity consumption, (B) determining the participant’s preference of PMV
values,and (C) the participant’s reaction to the selected recommendation infor-
mation.
A. THE LIGHTING FUNCTIONS
Here, the results show the percentage of relocation requests for the system after
the operation in the experiment as described in item (A) of section .

• Results
We operated the proposed system 210 times during two different times. We
observed 100 response time of lighting control was under 0.51 second for

11
 Fig. 4.4: Seasonal temperature during the experiment.

all requests. The time was enough to reflect the changing lightings after
operating the system via the web page. Therefore, this evaluation point was
successful.

• Discussion
This study shows the effectiveness of functions. Providing comfort by an
automatic lighting system has an important role in an IoT world for both
conserving energy and maintaining indoor comfort. Providing indoor com-
fort is an important function, therefore, we showed the satisfaction results
of the proposed lighting system.

B. ENVIRONMENTAL DATA ANALYSIS

This section shows the evaluation of environmental analysis for six months from
July 1 to December 31, 2016. Here it shows the averages of the outdoor tem-
perature per month. The average outdoor temperature in July was 23.4 degree,
in August was 26.4 degree, in September was 22.2 degree, in October was 13.8
degree, in November was the 6.49 degree, and in December was 3.67 degree.

• Results
Above Fig. shows the daily average of PMV values for six months from July

12
 Fig. 4.5: Hourly average PMV values for six months.

1 to December 31. During the experiment, the experimental room opened

and closed, approximately, at 8:00 and 18:00, respectively. In addition, the
values of wind speed, activity mass, and the amounts of clothing were zero
during the closing time of the experiment room, i.e., between 20:00 and 6:00.
Therefore, PMV values during closing time hours were very low; however,
PMV values during the working hours indicate the condition of the room
condition more accurately. As the experiment room was a day care center
for elderly people, the center strived to maintain environmental comfort for
their health. The results of the self-detection function and the PMV values
collected were satisfactory.

• Discussion
Next time, PMV values during the two experiments should be fitted. It
should be observed whether the PMV values affect the users in order to
check the usefulness of this function. The purpose of this function is self-
evaluation, thus, checking PMV values to leave the indoor comfort effects
to maintain the comfort by the lighting system should be done.

C. RESULTS OF DETECTION BY BLE

13
 Fig. 4.6: Data collected by BLE devices.

To evaluate the human detection function by BLE devices, we refer to the item (a)
that shows a data loss rate and (b) that shows the rate of an outlier.

• Results
The collected data showed that the data loss rate was 0.02 and the outlier
was 0.05. Here positive values are considered outliers, because the average
value from the data collected was calculated to be approximately 85 dB.
Considering the average values, we determined a baseline for the outlier,
and consequently, decided the rate.

• Discussion
Above fig. illustrates the examples of the collected data. The dots in the
figures show two types of data collected: one when the user was far from the
system and the other when the user was near the system. In addition, the
bold line in each figure is a regression line. Thus, Example A shows that it

14
is easier when the user was near the system, and Example B shows that it is
difficult to distinguish the existence, because of the data frequency. For these
results, the data was collected precisely; however, the evaluation of detection
of human existence was difficult. Therefore, we consider conducting other
experiments to collect the learning data that are suitable for evaluation data
toward machine learning, especially, support vector machine (SVM).

15
 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

5.1 CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates an IoT-based OLED lighting control system that consists
of two main functions: (1) lighting control, and (2) self-evaluation using net-
worked sensors and BLE devices. The lighting control function of the proposed
system is capable of altering the saturations and brightness of the light-fittings to
generate a comfort space that relaxes its users. Moreover, the self-evaluation func-
tion of the system collects environmental data including that related to human
existence to evaluate its usage situation. Results from data collected through ex-
periments that spanned over six months shows that the proposed system worked
well in controlling the light-fittings as designed, and the data collected through
the self-evaluation function reflected the room condition. In addition, this study
shows an example of a networked lighting control system via the Internet. The
lighting and other devices used in the system were limited; however, this study
explains a framework of networked lighting control system including a self-
evaluation function. Methods that utilize data for machine learning are important
subjects in IoT-based systems.

5.2 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

Thus, it is possible that the next IoT-based system consists of a circulation system,
that utilizes the collected data for customizing controlling methods as well as for
detecting users preferences from their usage patterns. Massive amounts of data
collected by IoT modules, devices, and systems could form the circulation, e.g.,
connecting machine learning and self-growing up systems

16
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