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General Technical Specifications for
文件名称
Document Name Wind Turbine Generator System-Fasteners
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角色 意见 签字 日期
Role Opinion Signature Date
编制 柏景雷 2019-04-17
Prepared
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校对
燕玉鑫 2019-04-17
Checked
审核 TI 朱兵 2019-04-19
Reviewed
工艺
Processed
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标准化 孙彦婷 2019-04-22
Standardized
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Counter-signed
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会签
Counter-signed
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Counter-signed
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Counter-signed
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Counter-signed
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会签
Counter-signed
会签
Counter-signed
裁决
Determinate
批准
郭拥军 2019-04-22
Approved
业务加批
Approved by president
备注
Remarks
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Important Notices
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金风提醒您:在使用本文件前,请您务必仔细阅读并透彻理解本声明。
Goldwind suggests you carefully read and fully understand this notice prior to using the
technical documents and/or drawings.
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1. 金风拥有金风署名的技术资料和图纸的所有知识产权,请根据约定的方式、期限和范围使用该技术
资料和图纸。
Goldwind owns all intellectual property rights on the technical documents and
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drawings bearing the mark(s) of Goldwind, which should be used in the way, term,
and scope as agreed.
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2. 金风提供的任何被授权浏览的技术资料和图纸在使用时必须符合以下条件:
1)所有的技术资料和图纸均以获得信息为目的;
2)所有的技术资料和图纸均不得用于非约定之商业目的。
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For any authorized access to the technical documents and drawings provided by
Goldwind, the following conditions shall be met:
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1)All technical documents and drawings shall be only used for informative reference.
2)Any technical documents and drawings shall not be used for commercial purposes
other than those as agreed.
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3. 如超越上述范围或不当使用技术资料和或图纸而引致第三方追责的风险或损失,使用者将依照相关
协议和或法律独立承担责任,金风对此不承担任何形式的担保义务。
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For any risks or losses claimed by a third party arising from improper use (or use
beyond the scope above) of the technical documents and/or drawings, the user shall
take the responsibilities thereof independently according to relevant agreement or by
law. Goldwind assumes no guarantee responsibilities in any form.
4. 本文件有中文版本及译文版本,译文版本仅供参考使用。如有任何理解上的分歧,以中文版本为
准。
This document is made in Chinese and other languages. The versions in other
languages are just for reference. In the event of any divergences, Chinese version
shall prevail.
为人类奉献白云蓝天,给未来创造更多资源 Preserving Blue Skies and White Clouds for the Future
COMPANY
STANDARD Q/GW
EN Q/GW 203008-2019
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General Technical Specifications for Wind Turbine
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– Fasteners
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope................................................................................................................................................ 6
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2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................... 6
3 General requirements ....................................................................................................................... 8
4 Technical requirements .................................................................................................................... 8
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4.1 Materials ................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2 Dimensions and tolerances ...................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Mechanical properties ............................................................................................................ 12
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4.4 Torque coefficient of bolting assemblies ................................................................................ 13
4.5 Cutting threads ....................................................................................................................... 15
4.6 Non-destructive testing (NDT)................................................................................................ 15
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4.7 Surface treatment ................................................................................................................... 16
4.8 Surface defects ...................................................................................................................... 16
5 Inspection method .......................................................................................................................... 17
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5.1 Chemical composition ............................................................................................................ 17
5.2 Dimensions and tolerances .................................................................................................... 17
5.3 Mechanical properties ............................................................................................................ 17
5.4 Thread decarburization layer ................................................................................................. 17
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Annex G (normative) Non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating .................................................. 32
Annex H (normative) Marking and packaging of fasteners ................................................................. 33
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Figures
Figure 1 – Washer .........................................................................................................................11
Figure 2 – Eccentric sampling position ........................................................................................ 12
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Figure 3 – Type of bolting assembly ............................................................................................ 14
Tables
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Table 1 – Materials of fasteners ..................................................................................................... 9
Table 2 – Reference for widening holes of sherardized nuts....................................................... 10
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Table 3 – Dimension and tolerance standards of bolts, screws, studs, and nuts........................ 10
Table 4 – Dimension and tolerance standards of washers ...........................................................11
Table 5 – Dimensions and geometrical tolerance of washers with a nominal diameter
greater than 36 mm .......................................................................................................................11
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Table 6 – Stressed cross-sectional area of thread of bolt with a nominal diameter greater
than 39 mm .................................................................................................................................. 13
Table 7 – Torque coefficient of hexagon bolting assembly .......................................................... 15
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FOREWORD
The standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
This edition cancels and replaces Q/GW 203008-2016, General technical specifications for wind
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turbine generator system – Fasteners. It constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with
respect to Q/GW 203008-2016 are listed below:
a) Anti-loose plain washer has been added in Clause 4.1 Materials (see Clause 4.1).
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b) The requirements on fit tolerance of non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating have been
modified, and the requirements on fit tolerances of hot-dip galvanized and sherardized fasteners
have been added in Clause 4.2 Dimensions and tolerances (see Clause 4.2).
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c) Table 2 "Reference for widening holes of sherardized nuts" has been added in Clause 4.2
Dimensions and tolerances (see Clause 4.2).
d) The Table 2 in the previous edition has been replaced with Table 3, and all-metal self-locking nuts
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has been added in Clause 4.2 Dimensions and tolerances (see Clause 4.2).
e) ―The dimensions and geometric tolerance of washers with a nominal diameter of thread less
than 12 mm shall comply with ISO 7089; those of washers with a nominal diameter of thread
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between 12 mm (inclusive) and 36 mm (inclusive) shall comply with EN 14399-6, while those of
washers with a nominal diameter of thread greater than 36 mm shall comply with Figure 1 and
Table 3.‖ in article 4.2.5 of the previous edition has been replaced with Table 4 in Clause 4.2
Dimensions and tolerances (see Clause 4.2).
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f) The torque coefficient of bolting assemblies has been modified in Clause 4.4 (see Table 7 of
Clause 4.4).
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g) The torque coefficient of nylon self-locking nut has been added (see Table 8 of Clause 4.4).
h) The technical requirements on non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating have been added,
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and sherardizing and hot-dip galvanizing have been added in Clause 4.7 Surface treatment (see
Clause 4.7).
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i) The requirements on specifications of the paste to be applied before measuring the torque
coefficient have been described in Clause 5.5 Torque coefficient (see Clause 5.5).
j) The anti-corrosion coating test has been added in Clause 5.7 (see Clause 5.7).
The standard is proposed by and under the jurisdiction of Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology
Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of the standard: Zheng Guolong, Zhang Caisheng, Xue Kexiang and Liu Dongxu.
1 Scope
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This standard specifies the requirements on technical specifications, inspection, marking, packaging,
transportation and storage of the fasteners for Goldwind wind turbine.
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This standard is applicable to the ordering and acceptance of fasteners of wind turbine.
The fasteners in this standard include bolts, screws, studs, nuts, and washers.
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2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
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undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
Annex A shows the relationship between ISO/EN/DIN/ASTM standards in this standard and Chinese
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standards.
Q/GW 203038, Technical specifications for all-metal self-locking nuts of wind turbine
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ASTM A193, Standard specification for alloy-steel and stainless steel bolting for high temperature or
high pressure service and other special purpose applications
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ASTM E 1077, Standard test methods for estimating the depth of decarburization of steel specimens
DASt 021, Schraubenverbindungen aus feuerverzinkten Garnituren M39 bis M72 entsprechend DIN
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EN 10083-2, Steels for quenching and tempering – Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non
alloy steels
EN 10083-3, Steels for quenching and tempering – Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for alloy
steels
EN 14399-6, High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading – Part 6: Plain chamfered
washers
ISO 148-1, Metallic materials – Charpy pendulum impact test – Part 1: Test method
ISO 898-1:2013, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel – Part 1:
Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes – Coarse thread and fine pitch thread
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ISO 898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel – Part 2: Nuts
with specified property classes – Coarse thread and fine pitch thread
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ISO 965-1, General purpose metric screw threads – Tolerances – Part 1: Principles and basic data
ISO 1460, Metallic coatings – Hot dip galvanized coatings on ferrous materials – Gravimetric
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determination of the mass per unit area
ISO 1463, Metallic and oxide coatings – Measurement of coating thickness – Microscopical method
ISO 3506-1, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners – Part 1: Bolts,
screws and studs
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ISO 3506-2, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners – Part 2: Nuts
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ISO 3508, Thread run-outs for fasteners with thread in accordance with ISO 261 and ISO 262
ISO 4035, Hexagon thin nuts chamfered (style 0) – Product grades A and B
ISO 4759-1, Tolerances for fasteners – Part 1: Bolts, screws, studs and nuts – Product grades A, B
and C
ISO 4759-3:2016, Tolerances for fasteners – Part 3: Washers for bolts, screws and nuts – Product
grades A, C and F
ISO 6157-1, Fasteners – Surface discontinuities – Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs for general
requirements
ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials – Rockwell hardness test – Part 1: Test method
ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials – Tensile testing – Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
ISO 7040, Prevailing torque type hexagon regular nuts (with non-metallic insert) – Property classes 5,
8 and 10
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ISO 7089, Plain washers – Normal series – Product grade A
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ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres – Salt spray tests
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ISO 16047, Fasteners – Torque/clamp force testing
3 General requirements
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The ambient temperature range shall be -40℃ to 50℃ , the working temperature range shall be
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-40℃ to 100℃, and the relative humidity shall be no more than 95%.
The climate conditions under which the wind turbine operates include ambient temperature, air
humidity, salinity and wind-blown sand.
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4 Technical requirements
4.1 Materials
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The bolts, nuts, and washers shall be made of materials listed in Table 1. If other materials are used,
the permission from Goldwind shall be obtained. The stainless steel washer shall be made of
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materials of the same grade as that of the associated bolts according to ISO 3506-1.
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42CrMo, 35CrMo and
Annex B
40CrNiMoA
10.9
B7 ASTM A 193
20MnTiB Annex B ≤ M24
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35VB Annex C ≤ M30
Bolt
20MnTiB Annex B ≤ M24
42CrMo4 and 34CrMo4 EN 10083-3
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42CrMo and 35CrMo Annex B
8.8
35VB Annex C ≤ M30
C45E and C35E EN 10083-2 ≤ M12
45 and 35 Annex D ≤ M12
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C45E and C35E EN 10083-2
42CrMo4 and 34CrMo4 EN 10083-3
Nut 8/10
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42CrMo and 35CrMo Annex B
45 and 35 Annex D
Washer C45E and C35E EN 10083-2
(including 300 HV (300
thick HV–370 HV) 45 and 35 Annex D
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washer)
Anti-loose
plain ≥ 465 HV1 See Q/GW 203036 M3–M64
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washer
The dimensions and tolerances of fasteners should meet the following requirements:
a) The basic dimensions and tolerances of threads of bolts and nuts (before being provided with
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corrosion protection) shall comply with ISO 724 and ISO 965-1 respectively.
b) Thread fit of fasteners with non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coatings: 6G/6g shall be adopted
for the tolerance class of thread before being provided with anti-corrosion protection. After
anti-corrosion protection, use a go gauge with h or H tolerance zone position to respectively test
the external threads and internal threads. They shall pass through the go gauge.
c) Thread fit of hot-dip galvanized fasteners: 6g shall be adopted for the tolerance class of thread
before galvanizing bolts. After galvanizing nuts, tap 6AZ nut threads. Tapping should not be
repeated. After galvanizing, proper fasteners should be selected.
d) Thread fit of sherardized fasteners: 6g shall be adopted for the tolerance class of thread before
sherardizing bolts. Tap the nut threads before sherardizing. Refer to Table 2 for the widening of
holes of sherardized nuts. After sherardizing, proper fasteners should be selected.
e) The roughness of the flank, and the supporting surface and fillet surface of bolt head shall not be
greater than Ra 3.2. Besides, the supporting surface and fillet surface shall be free of oxide scale
indentation. The roughness of other surfaces not specified here shall not be greater than Ra 6.3.
f) Thread run-out shall be performed in accordance with ISO 3508. However, if the diameter of stud
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shank is smaller than the minor diameter of thread, thread run-out shall not be performed.
g) The dimensions and tolerances of bolts and nuts shall comply with the standards listed in Table 3;
h) The dimensions and tolerances of washers shall comply with the standards listed in Table 4; The
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geometrical tolerances of washer shall comply with the requirements on the geometrical
tolerances of product of grade A stated in 4.5 of ISO 4759-3:2016.
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Specification of
M6–M12 M16–M33 M36–M42 > M42
nut (mm)
Widening of nut
150–200 300 400 500
hole/μm
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Table 3 – Dimension and tolerance standards of bolts, screws, studs, and nuts
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12 mm ≤ φ ≤ 36 Chamfer plain
EN 14399-6
mm washer
Chamfer plain
Φ > 36 mm See Table 5 and Figure 1 Refer to DASt 021
washer
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Anti-loose plain
M3–M64 Q/GW 203036
washer
Table 5 – Dimensions and geometrical tolerance of washers with a nominal diameter greater
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than 36 mm
Unit: mm
Specification of thread 39 42 45 48 56 64
Min = Nom. 40.4
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43.4 46.4 49.4 58 66
d1
Max 41.02 44.02 47.02 50.02 58.74 66.74
Min 70.8 76.8 83.7 90.6 103.6 113.6
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d2
Max = Nom. 72 78 85 92 105 115
Nom. 6 8 8 8 10 10
h Min 5.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 8.8 8.8
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Figure 1 – Washer
The mechanical properties of bolts shall comply with ISO 898-1. For M39 and above bolts, the result
of tensile test under wedge loading can be calculated according to the formula in 9.1.6.1.1 of ISO
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898-1:2013. The tensile strength Rm shall be 1040 MPa while the stressed cross-sectional area As
shall be as specified in Table 6. If the cross-sectional area of bolt shank is smaller than the nominal
stressed cross-sectional area of thread (As), the former shall be adopted as the stressed
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cross-sectional area . For M39 and above bolts, the test piece of tensile test shall be taken from the
eccentric positions. The center of test piece shall be at 1/4 of the nominal diameter of bolt and its
diameter shall be 3/8 of the nominal diameter of bolt (even number is preferred). See Figure 2 for the
sampling position. For other requirements on the test piece, see ISO 6892-1.
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The mechanical properties of nuts shall comply with ISO 898-2. For M39 and above nuts, the test
load shall be calculated as per the result of stressed cross-sectional area (As) multiplied by
guarantee stress Sp. For the stressed cross-sectional area (As), see Table 6. The guaranteed stress
Sp of style 1 nut of class 10 shall be taken as 1060 N/mm 2. The hardness of M39 and above nuts
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shall reach HV 272-HV 353. For M48 and above nuts, the guarantee load test can be omitted if actual
conditions are unfavorable. In this case, only the hardness test and other tests need to be carried out.
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Where
Φd1 (unit: mm) is the diameter of the ring where the test piece center is located (Φd1 = 1/2 Φd).
Φd2 (unit: mm) is the diameter of test piece (Φd2 = 3/8 Φd).
Table 6 – Stressed cross-sectional area of thread of bolt with a nominal diameter greater than
39 mm
Specification of
42 45 48 52 56 60 64
thread/mm
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Thread
4.5 4.5 5 5 5.5 5.5 6
pitch/mm
Cross-sectional
2 1120 1310 1470 1760 2030 2360 2680
area/mm
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The mechanical properties of stainless steel bolts, screws and studs shall meet the requirements of
class A2-70 or A4-70 specified in ISO 3506-1, while the mechanical properties of stainless steel nuts
shall meet the requirements of class A2-70 or A4-70 specified in ISO 3506-2.
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4.3.2 Low-temperature impact
For bolts with a nominal diameter of thread equal to or greater than 16 mm, the test pieces shall be
prepared according to the requirements on standard Charpy V-notch test piece specified in ISO 148-1.
The impact test shall be performed at -
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shall be no less than 27 J with the minimum value of each test piece being greater than 19 J.
requirements and metallographic assessment figures in ASTM E1077 can be used as references.
The torque coefficient of bolting assemblies shall be guaranteed at delivery. The warranty period of
torque coefficient is six months starting from manufacturing date. If the purchaser wants to extend the
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warranty period, it can be determined through negotiation between the supplier and the purchaser
(the torque coefficient shall be checked again six months after manufacturing date).
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The common assemblies include hexagon bolting assembly as shown in Figure 3-A, stud bolting
assembly as shown in Figure 3-B, and screw assemblies as shown in Figure 3-C.
If the nut of the assembly is a nylon self-locking nut (style 1 prevailing torque type hexagon nut with
non-metallic insert), the torque coefficient of the assembly shall be as specified in Table 8.
Stud Bolt
Nut Washer
Nut Washer
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Washer
Bolt
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Figure 3 – Type of bolting assembly
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The torque coefficient of each bolting assembly in the same batch (Ki), average torque coefficient
(Km), and coefficient of variation (Vk) shall be as specified in Table 7. Each bolting assembly includes
one bolt, one nut, and two washers, which are manufactured in the same batch.
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4.4.2 Stud bolting assembly
The supplier shall secure the threads on the side without socket head to the tooling nuts by such
means as welding. Assemble the threads on the side with socket head, the associated nuts and
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washers to form a stud bolting assembly. Carry out the torque coefficient test as required in 4.4.1. The
torque coefficient of each stud bolting assembly in the same batch (Ki), average torque coefficient
(Km), and coefficient of variation (Vk) shall be as specified in Table 7. Each stud bolting assembly
includes one bolt, one nut, and one washer, which are manufactured in the same batch. The tooling
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The supplier shall provide associated nuts and washers and carry out torque coefficient test as
required in 4.4.1. The torque coefficient of each assembly in the same batch (Ki), average torque
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Average Coefficient
Specification torque of Torque coefficient of each bolting assembly
coefficient variation Applicable coating
of thread (Ki)
Km VK
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Only one test value beyond the specified range is
d < 16 0.15–0.22 ≤ 0.1 allowed, but still should be within the range of Sherardizing
0.22–0.35.
Only one test value beyond the specified range is Non-electrolytically
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d < 16 0.11–0.15 ≤ 0.1 allowed, but still should be within the range of applied zinc flake
0.10–0.16. coating
Non-electrolytically
Only one test value beyond the specified range is applied zinc flake
16 ≤ d < 24 0.11–0.14 ≤ 0.06 allowed, but still should be within the range of coating
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0.10–0.15.
Sherardizing
Only one test value beyond the specified range is
24 ≤ d < 36 0.100–0.125 ≤ 0.06 allowed, but still should be within the range of
0.095–0.13. Non-electrolytically
36 ≤ d < 48 0.095–0.120 ≤ 0.06
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Only one test value beyond the specified range is
allowed, but still should be within the range of
applied zinc flake
coating
0.09–0.125. Sherardizing
Only one test value beyond the specified range is Hot-dip galvanizing
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d ≥ 48 0.090–0.115 ≤ 0.06 allowed, but still should be within the range of
0.09–0.125.
Coefficient
Specification Average torque
of variation Torque coefficient of each bolting assembly (Ki)
of thread coefficient (Km)
(VK)
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Only one test value beyond the specified range is allowed, but still
d < 16 0.15–0.23 ≤ 0.1
should be within the range of 0.14–0.25.
Only one test value beyond the specified range is allowed, but still
16 ≤ d < 24 0.16–0.24 ≤ 0.15
should be within the range of 0.15–0.26.
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Only one test value beyond the specified range is allowed, but still
24 ≤ d < 36 0.18–0.27 ≤ 0.20
should be within the range of 0.16–0.28.
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For bolts of grade 8.8 or 10.9, if the nominal diameter of thread is equal to or greater than 16 mm, the
threads shall be cut by dies after heat treatment.
For nuts of grade 8 or 10, if the nominal diameter of thread is equal to or greater than 16 mm, the
threads shall be cut by taps after heat treatment.
For the bolts with a nominal diameter of thread equal to or greater than 16 mm, 100% magnetic
particle testing shall be adopted before corrosion protection, while for the nuts with the same
specification, 10% magnetic particle testing shall be adopted before corrosion protection. The bolts
shall be free of longitudinal cracks larger than 2 mm and any lateral cracks. The nuts shall be free of
horizontal cracks larger than 2 mm and any longitudinal cracks.
Innovating for a brighter tomorrow Page 15 of 34
Edition: C No.: EN Q/GW 203008-2019
4.7 Surface treatment
4.7.1 General
For the pre-treatment before surface treatment, water-jetting instead of pickling should be used in
order to avoid the generation of nascent hydrogen and hydrogen embrittlement.
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The surface corrosion protection process should not have a detrimental effect on the fasteners‘
mechanical and physical properties specified in the national standards.
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For special types of fasteners to be provided with corrosion protection, the manufacturer should
provide experiment-based research evidence to ensure that the heating temperature and time
selected for the surface treatment are appropriate (if necessary).
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For fasteners applied with non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating for corrosion protection, the
requirements of ISO 10683 should be satisfied. See Table 9 for the coating thickness.
4.7.3 Sherardizing
Greenkote PM-1 sherardized coating is recommended. Its average thickness should be greater than
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The hot-dip galvanized coating (bright zinc) of fasteners should comply with ISO 10684. Its average
thickness should be greater than 50 µm and minimum local thickness should not be less than 40 µm.
4.7.5 Passivation
The passivation for stainless steel bolts and screws shall comply with ISO 16048.
The surface defects of bolts and nuts shall comply with ISO 6157-1 and ISO 6157-2 respectively. The
washers should be free of cracks, burrs, rust, dents and scratches affecting their use.
5 Inspection method
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Chemical composition test should be conducted for the bolts, nuts, and washers in accordance with
EN 10083-2, EN 10083-3, ASTM A 193, and Annex B through Annex E, and the test results shall
comply with 4.1.
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5.2 Dimensions and tolerances
Dimension and tolerance inspection shall be conducted for the bolts, nuts and washers in accordance
with EN 14399-1, and the inspection results shall comply with 4.2.
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5.3 Mechanical properties
Mechanical property test shall be conducted for the bolts, nuts and washers in accordance with ISO
898-1 and ISO 898-2, and the test results shall comply with 4.3.
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5.4 Thread decarburization layer
Thread decarburization test shall be conducted for the bolts in accordance with ISO 3887, and the
test results shall comply with 4.3.3.
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a) Torque coefficient test shall be conducted for the bolting assembly in accordance with ISO 16047,
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and the test results shall comply with 4.4. Ki, Km, and Vk are calculated using the formula in 6.6.2
of EN 14399-2: 2015.
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b) For M16 or above bolting assemblies (excluding nylon self-locking nuts and all-metal self-locking
nuts), lubricating paste should be applied on the screw-in surface of bolt and contact surface
between the nut and washer before testing. The lubricating paste shall be Molykote G Rapid Plus
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designated by Goldwind.
c) For bolting assemblies below M16, lubricating paste should not be applied before testing.
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d) When assembling the bolting assemblies, the bevel side of the washer placed under the nut must
face the supporting surface of nut.
e) The washer should not rotate during the test, otherwise, the test fails.
f) The ambient temperature shall be 18℃-25℃ during the test. The tools, instruments and bolting
assemblies for the test shall be stored in this environment for at least two hours.
g) During the test, the tightening speed shall be uniform and the following requirements shall be
satisfied:
1) For bolting assemblies with a nominal size less than M16, the tightening speed shall be 10-40
r/min.
2) For bolting assemblies with a nominal size not less than M16, the tightening speed shall be
5-15 r/min.
Magnetic particle testing shall be conducted for the bolts and nuts in accordance with Annex F, and
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the test results shall comply with 4.6.
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5.7.1 Non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating
a) Appearance: The non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating should be basically uniform,
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silver-gray, and free of such defects as air bubbles, peeling, excessive local zinc coating, and
omission of coating which may cause adverse effects on corrosion resistance and
interchangeability.
b) Thickness: A magnetic thickness gauge or X-ray thickness gauge should be used to measure the
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thickness in accordance with ISO 2808. Unless otherwise agreed, the thickness measurement
shall be performed in accordance with Table 10, and the coating thickness of any measurement
point shall meet the requirements in Table 9. In case of controversy, the metallographic
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microscopic method specified in ISO 1463 should be used as the determination method.
c) Neutral salt spray test: The non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating should be evaluated in
accordance with ISO 9227. After 1000 hours of neutral salt spray test, the metal substrate should
be free of visible red rust.
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d) Any of the following methods can be selected for adhesion strength test:
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1) Cross-cut method: Use a cross-cut tester to draw cross marks on the coating surface (six
lines with 1mm distance between each two lines). Stick the tape with an adhesion strength of
7 N-10 N on the cross-cut mark. Press back and forth with fingers so that no air bubbles
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remain between the tape and the coating. After pressing 5-10 seconds, quickly remove the
tape from the coating surface. According to ISO 2409, the adhesion strength should be grade
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0 to grade 1.
2) Direct tape sticking method: firmly press a 25 mm wide tape with an adhesion strength of 7-10
N on the coating surface with hands, and then quickly pull it away perpendicularly to the
surface. The non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating should not fall off from the metal
substrate. However, a small amount of coating material is allowed to adhere to the tape.
Test point of a
Test
Name single Example
a positions
component
End surface,
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tail surface
Bolt
and hexagon
surface
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Screw No less than 5 End surface
Two end
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Stud
surfaces
Hexagon
Nut No less than three surface and
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end surface
The value of one test point is the average of three readings within a 4 cm diameter range.
a) Appearance: After completion of hot-dip galvanizing, the fastener surface should be smooth, and
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free of uncoated areas, nodules, black speck, residual solvent, scale and other defects that impair
the intended performance of parts.
b) Thickness: A magnetic thickness gauge should be used to measure the thickness in accordance
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with ISO 2808. Unless otherwise agreed, the thickness measurement shall be performed in
accordance with Table 10, and the coating thickness of any measurement point shall meet the
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requirements in 4.7.4. In case of controversy, the weight method specified in ISO 1460 should be
used as the determination method.
c) Adhesion strength: The hot-dip galvanized coating should be firmly attached to the metal surface.
The adhesion test shall be performed in accordance with Annex E of ISO 10684.
a) Appearance: Under natural scattered light, visually inspect the coating surface. The coating
surface should be smooth, uniform, gray and lackluster. After coating, the size of the workpiece
shall not be changed, and the thread surface shall be free of major damage and deposition of zinc.
b) Thickness: A magnetic thickness gauge should be used to measure the thickness in accordance
with ISO 2808. Unless otherwise agreed, the thickness measurement shall be performed in
accordance with Table 10, and the coating thickness of any measurement point shall meet the
requirements in 4.7.3. In case of controversy, the metallographic microscopic method specified in
ISO 1463 should be used as the determination method.
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c) Neutral salt spray test: The sherardized fasteners should be evaluated in accordance with ISO
9227. After 2000 hours of neutral salt spray test, the metal substrate should be free of visible red
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rust.
6 Test rules
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6.1 Classification of tests
The product tests are classified into factory acceptance test and type test. The type test shall be
performed in any of the following cases: TI
a) Trial production and design finalization of new products.
a) The test personnel shall be full-time quality control personnel, quality inspector and tester. The
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test devices, instruments and equipment shall comply with metrological calibration and quality
test requirements and shall be able to provide accurate and reliable test data.
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b) If Goldwind requests to participate in the supplier's test, both parties shall agree on the test date.
If Goldwind fails to be present within the agreed time, the supplier can conduct the test at its own
discretion and summit the test results to Goldwind.
c) Goldwind shall have the right to review the supplier's technical management documents as
needed. Technical management mainly involve process documents and process discipline
management, standardization and metrological management, management of testing capability
and quality assurance, etc.
Unless otherwise specified, the testing items and methods of the fasteners shall be as specified in
Table 11.
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42CrMo4 and 34CrMo4 4.1 5.1
20MnTiB, 42CrMo,
4.1 5.1 One for each heat
35CrMo and 40CrNiMoA
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Three for each (The
1 Materials C45E and C35E 4.1 5.1 ○ *
heat manufacturer's
35VB 4.1 5.1 testing report shall
be provided.)
B7 4.1 5.1
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45 and 35 4.1 5.1
Dimensions and
2 4.2 5.2 Five for each lot Class B in Table 12 ○ ○
tolerances
Tensile strength of bolt 4.3 5.3 Three for each lot Class D in Table 12 △
△
Wedge tension of bolt
Low-temperature impact
4.3
4.3
TI 5.3
5.3
Three for each lot Class D in Table 12
Three for each lot Class D in Table 12 △
Thread decarburization 4.3 5.4
Mechanical Three for each lot Class D in Table 12 △
of bolt
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3 ○
properties
Hardness of bolt 4.3 5.3 Three for each lot Class C in Table 12 ○
Guarantee load of nut 4.3 5.3 Three for each lot Class D in Table 12 △
Hardness of nut 4.3 5.3 Three for each lot Class C in Table 12 ○
D
Hardness of washer 4.3 5.3 Three for each lot Class C in Table 12 ○
Torque Eight for each lot Eight for each lot
4 4.4 5.5 ○ ○
coefficient
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a) Bolts of the same lot: with the same performance level, material, heat number, thread
specification, length (the bolts shall be deemed to have the same length if the length difference is
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less than 40 mm when bolt length is less than 100 mm, and less than 80 mm when bolt length is
more than 100 mm), machining, heat treatment process and surface treatment process.
b) Nuts of the same lot: with the same performance level, material, heat number, thread specification,
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machining, heat treatment process and surface treatment process.
c) Washers of the same lot: with the same performance level, material, heat number, thread
specification, machining, heat treatment process and surface treatment process.
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6.4 Acceptance
a) The type test for fasteners shall be conducted in accordance with Table 11. The type test for
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items not included in Table 11 shall be conducted in accordance with ISO 3269:
1) Acceptable quality level: select applicable inspection items and corresponding AQL values in
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accordance with ISO 3269, and items other than these characteristic items and
corresponding AQL values.
b) The factory acceptance test for fasteners shall be conducted in accordance with Table 11. The
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factory acceptance test for items not included in Table 11 shall be conducted in accordance with
ISO 3269. Fasteners shall only be delivered after satisfactory inspection and issuance of
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c) The samples shall pass all the tests. For the items tested by a third party, non-conformance is not
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acceptable. For any non-conformance found during inspection by the manufacturer itself, the
manufacturer should sample twice as many as the first sampling. If the non-conformance is found
again, the lot shall be rejected.
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Sample class A B C D
1–2 2 1 1 1
3–15 3 2 1 1
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16–25 4 3 1 1
26–50 5 4 1 1
51–90 6 5 2 1
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91–150 7 6 2 1
151–280 10 7 2 1
Lot Sample
281–500 11 9 3 2
size size
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501–1200 15 11 3 2
1201–3200 18 13 3 2
3201–10000 22 15 4 3
10001–35000 29 15 4 3
35001–150000
TI29 15 5 3
150001–500000 29 15 6 4
500001 and above 29 15 7 5
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7.1 Marking
D
a) The bolts, screws and studs shall be marked according to ISO 898-1. The bolts, screws and
studs with a nominal diameter of thread equal to or greater than 16 mm, the lot number shall be
marked at different positions based on the performance level.
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7.2 Packaging
a) Fasteners shall be free of dirt and metal turnings and provided with appropriate protection against
bump or damage. They shall be wrapped with waterproof polyethylene material to prevent
rainwater from entering, and then placed in the wooden case for shipment. Each packaging shall
not exceed 40 kg.
b) The technical requirements shall comply with Annex H. The marks shall be provided with the
following contents: manufacturer, product name, specification, quantity, and manufacturing date.
a) During transportation, fasteners shall be kept intact with no crack or damage on the surface.
Under normal transportation and storage conditions, the product shall not rust within half a year of
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the manufacturing date.
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7.4 Storage
The fasteners shall be stored at a clean and ventilated place and shall be protected against rain,
snow, water, and long-term exposure to sunlight to keep the packaging intact.
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8 Accompanying documents
5 Wedge tensile test report for bolts and guarantee load test report for nuts (third party report) 1
6 Low temperature impact test report (third party report) 1
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Total 8
The identification number of all inspection and test reports shall be consistent with the product
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number, and the test reports of a product shall be bound into a volume as the accompanying
document.
Factory acceptance test documents should be delivered together with the products. Testing
documents of the same lot of products should be put in one bag and submitted to the receiver for
acceptance.
Annex A
(normative)
Referenced standards
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Table A.1 shows the relationship between the applicable international standards and Chinese
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standards.
Table A.1 – Relationship between the applicable international standards and Chinese
standards (1 of 2)
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GB/JB
No. Name of standard ISO/EN standard Relationship
standard
Metallic materials – Charpy pendulum impact test
1 ISO 148-1 GB/T 229 MOD
– Part 1: Test method TI
General-purpose metric screw threads – Basic
2 ISO 724 GB/T 196 MOD
dimensions
Mechanical properties of fasteners made of
carbon steel and alloy steel – Part 1: Bolts, screws
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3 ISO 898-1 GB/T 3098.1 MOD
and studs with specified property classes –
Coarse thread and fine pitch thread
Mechanical properties of fasteners – Part 2: Nuts
4 ISO 898-2 GB/T 3098.2 IDT
with specified proof load values – Coarse thread
General-purpose metric screw threads –
D
6 Slotted cheese head screws – Product grade A ISO 1207 GB/T 65 EQV
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7 Slotted pan head screws – Product grade A ISO 1580 GB/T 67 MOD
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14 Hexagon head bolts – Product grades A and B ISO 4014 GB/T 5782 EQV
15 Hexagon head screws – Product grades A and B ISO 4017 GB/T 5783 EQV
Table A.1 – Relationship between the applicable international standards and Chinese
standards (2 of 2)
GB/JB
No. Name of standard ISO/EN standard Relationship
standard
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Hexagon regular nuts (style 1) – Product grades A
16 ISO 4032 GB/T 6170 EQV
and B
Hexagon thin nuts (chamfered) – Product grades
17 ISO 4035 GB/T 6172.1 EQV
A and B
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Tolerances for fasteners – Part 1: Bolts, screws,
18 ISO 4759-1 GB/T 3103.1 IDT
studs and nuts – Product grades A, B and C
Tolerances for fasteners – Part 3: Plain washers
19 for bolts, screws and nuts – Product grades A and ISO 4759-3 GB/T 3103.3 IDT
C
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20 Hexagon socket head cap screw ISO 4762 GB/T 70.1 MOD
Fasteners – Surface discontinuities – Part 1:
21 ISO 6157-1 GB/T 5779.1 IDT
Bolts, screws and studs for general requirements
22 Fasteners – Surface discontinuities – Part 2: Nuts ISO 6157-2 GB/T 5779.2 IDT
TI
Metallic materials – Rockwell hardness test – Part
23 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, ISO 6508-1 GB/T 230.1 MOD
N, T)
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Metallic materials – Tensile testing at ambient
24 ISO 6892-1 GB/T 228 EQV
temperature
Prevailing torque type hexagon nuts (with
25 non-metallic insert), style 1 – Property classes 5, 8 ISO 7040 GB/T 889.1 EQV
and 10
D
26 Plain washers – Normal series – Product grade A ISO 7089 GB/T 97.1 EQV
Fasteners – Non-electrolytically applied zinc flake
28 ISO 10683 GB/T 5267.2 IDT
coatings
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GB/T
29 Fasteners – Torque/clamp force testing ISO 16047 IDT
16823.3
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Annex B
(normative)
Technical specifications for 20MnTiB, 42CrMo, 35CrMo and 40CrNiMoA steels
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The main chemical compositions of 20MnTiB, 42CrMo, 35CrMo and 40CrNiMoA steels should be as
specified in Table B.1.
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Table B.1 – Main chemical compositions
Composition C Si Mn Cr Mo B Ti Ni
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0.0005– 0.04–
20MnTiB 0.17–0.24 0.17–0.37 1.30 –1.60 — — —
0.0035 0.10
Designation 35CrMo Range 0.32–0.40 0.17–0.37 0.40–0.70 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25 — — —
of materials %
40CrNiMoA 0.37–0.44 0.17–0.37 0.50–0.80 0.60–0.90 0.15–0.25 — — 1.25–1.65
42CrMo
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0.38–0.45 0.17–0.37 0.50–0.80 0.90–1.20 0.15–0.25 — — —
The mechanical properties of 15 mm diameter test piece made from a heat-treated blank shall be as
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specified in Table B.2. If the diameter of round steel is less than 16 mm, the impact test is not
required.
Hardening at 860°C
(oil-cooled)
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Hardening at 850℃
(oil-cooled)
35CrMo 980 835 12 45 63
Tempering at 550℃
(water/oil-cooled)
Hardening at 850℃
(oil-cooled)
40CrNiMoA 980 835 12 55 78
Tempering at 600℃
(water/oil-cooled)
Hardening at 850℃
(oil-cooled)
42CrMo 1080 930 12 45 63
Tempering at 560℃
(water/oil-cooled)
Annex C
(normative)
Technical specifications for 35 VB steel
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The chemical components of 35VB steel shall be as specified in Table C.1.
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Composition C Mn Si P S V B Cu
Range 0.001–
0.31–0.37 0.50–0.90 0.17–0.37 ≤ 0.04 ≤ 0.04 0.05–0.12 ≤ 0.25
% 0.004
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The mechanical properties of heat-treated test piece blank with a diameter of 25 mm shall be as
specified in Table C.2.
Hardening at 870℃
D
The steel shall be subjected to cold upset test and shall be free of seams or cracks.
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Annex D
(normative)
Technical specifications for #45 and #35 steel
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The main chemical compositions of #45 and #35 steel shall be as specified in Table D.1.
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Cr Ni Cu
Composition C Si Mn
≤
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Designati 35 Range 0.32 - 0.39 0.17 - 0.37 0.50 - 0.80 0.25 0.30 0.25
on of
Materials 45 % 0.42 - 0.50 0.17 - 0.37 0.50 - 0.80 0.25 0.30 0.25
The mechanical properties shall comply with Table D.2. If the diameter of round steel is less than 16
mm, the impact test is not required.
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Table D.2 – Mechanical properties
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Tensile Yield Elongation Reduction in Impact energy
Heat treatment strength point after rupture area absorbed
Designation
system for test σb MPa σs MPa δs % Ψ% Aku2 J
of materials
piece
Normalizing at
D
870°C
35 Hardening at 850℃ 530 315 20 45 55
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Tempering at 600℃
Normalizing at
850℃
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45 600 355 16 40 39
Hardening at 840℃
Tempering at 600℃
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Annex E
(normative)
Spark discharge atomic emission spectrometric analysis
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The sample shall be even without any cracks and shall not be overheated during grinding.
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Table E.1 – Analysis conditions
Item Description
Analysis clearance 3 mm – 6 mm
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Atmosphere controlled by spark chamber Purity of argon 99.99%
Flushing: (6–15) L/min
Argon flow Integration: (2.5–7) L/min
Standstill: (0.5–1) L/min
Pre-ignition time
TI 3 s – 20 s
Integration time 3 s – 20 s
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High energy discharge during pre-ignition, and low
Discharge type
energy discharge during integration
Analysis procedure:
a) Before analysis, excite one sample 2-5 times to ensure the instruments are stable and at the
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b) Preparation of calibration curve: Excite a series of standard samples under the selected working
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conditions with each sample being excited three times at least. Prepare the calibration curve
based on the average relative strength of each element to be tested and concentration of this
element in the standard sample.
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c) The instruments shall be calibrated using the recalibration sample every day and the calibration
interval depends on the stability of instruments.
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d) Excite each standard sample and analysis sample 2-3 times at least under the selected working
conditions as mentioned in b) and then obtain the average value.
Annex F
(normative)
Magnetic particle testing
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The magnetic particle testing procedure is as follows:
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a) Pre-treatment.
b) Magnetization.
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d) Observation and recording of magnetic particle indications.
e) Defect rating.
f) Demagnetization.
g) Post-treatment.
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The surfaces of workpiece to be tested shall be free of grease, rusts, scales, or other substances to
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which the magnetic particles may adhere. The irregular surfaces shall not affect the accuracy and
completeness of testing results; otherwise, proper surface treatment shall be made. If the workpiece
is polished, the surface roughness (Ra) after polishing shall be no greater than 25 μm. If the
workpiece has a coating with an average thickness no greater than 0.05 mm which doesn't affect the
testing results, the magnetic particle testing can be performed on the workpiece with coating with the
D
The magnetic particle testing on fasteners shall be performed after the final heat treatment.
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a) The sensitivity is verified as unsatisfactory through standard test block after testing.
Annex G
(normative)
Non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating
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See Table G.1 for the information on non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating for fasteners
recommended by Goldwind.
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Table G.1 – Information on non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating
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1 Water-based
6060Y Technology Co., Ltd.
Water-base microlayer corrosion protection Changzhou Junhe Technology Stock Co.,
2 Water-based
coating Junhe9390 Ltd.
3 Water-based zinc chromate coating RZ-380 Yangzhou Renzhong Coating Co., Ltd. Water-based
4 GEOMET® 321
TI NOF METAL COATINGS GROUP Water-based
DELTA® -TONE 9000 +DELTA®-SEAL
5 Dörken MKS-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG Solvent-based
silver
EN
D
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N
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Annex H
(normative)
Marking and packaging of fasteners
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The marks on the fasteners shall comply with national and industrial standards. The identification
mark of fastener manufacturer (or dealers), different from the trademark, falls into the category of
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standardization and product quality, and is subject to the coordination, approval and issuance of
national standardization organization.
The dirt and metal particles on the surface of fastener shall be removed. The fasteners without metal
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coatings shall be applied with corrosion inhibitor to protect against corrosion during transportation
and storage. Under normal transportation and storage conditions, the fasteners shall not rust within
six months of manufacturing date.
The packaging aims to ensure reliable and safe transportation and storage of products. Therefore,
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the packaging shall be capable of protecting the goods, facilitating loading, unloading, transportation,
storage, and hand-over acceptance.
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The packaging of products shall be scientific, firm, cost-effective, and neat so as to ensure that the
products are not damaged due to severe environmental conditions during the transportation and are
delivered to the destination safely and quickly.
The packaging materials, auxiliary materials, and containers of products shall comply with relevant
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national standards. The materials and containers without relevant standards must be verified through
tests and their performance shall satisfy the transportation requirements.
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The packaging mode and method shall be determined by the fastener manufacturer.
The packing case, box, or bag shall be provided with marks or labels. The marks shall be correct,
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clear, complete, and secure. The goods in the packaging shall be consistent with the marks. The
marks shall be generally printed or made by marking machine. Hanging or sticking is also allowed.
The marks shall not fade or fall off.
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_________________________________
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TI
EN
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