MS Worksheet Probability, logics & sets

Ans.1

40  1 
a)  , 0.333, 33.3%  (A1)(A1)(G2)
120  3 
Note: Award (A1) for numerator, (A1) for denominator.
34  17 
(b)  , 0.283, 28.3%  (A1)(A1)(G2)
120  60 
Note: Award (A1) for numerator, (A1) for denominator.
8 2 
(c)  , 0.286, 28.6%  (A1)(A1)(G2)
28  7 
Note: Award (A1) for numerator, (A1) for denominator.
(d) customer satisfaction is independent of café (A1)
Note: Accept “customer satisfaction is not associated with
the café”.
(e) 2 (A1)
(f) 0.754 (G2)
Note: Award (G1)(G1)(AP) for 0.75 or for correct answer
incorrectly rounded to 3 s.f. or more, (G0) for 0.7.
(g) since χ2calc < χ2crit (5.991) accept (or Do not reject) H0 (R1)(A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from their value in (e).
OR
Accept (or Do not reject) H0 as p-value (0.686) > 0.05 (R1)(A1)(ft)
Notes: Do not award (A1)(R0).
Award the (R1) for comparison of appropriate values.
[12]

Ans.2

(a)
p q ¬q p  ¬q ¬p ¬p  q
T T F F F T
T F T T F T
F T F T T T
F F T T T F
(A1)(A1)(ft)
(A1)(A1)(ft) (C4)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct column (second column
(ft) from first, fourth (ft) from third). Follow through from
second column to fourth column for a consistent mistake in
implication.

EPS/ MS/WS/Sets, logics & Probability/Gr.12/2018-19 Page 1

 (b) Since second and fourth columns are not identical (R1)(ft)
 Not a tautology (A1)(ft) (C2)
[6]
Note: (R0)(A1) may not be awarded.

Ans.3

(a)

(A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (A1) for 0.25, (A1) for 0.1 and 0.9, (A1) for
0.05 and 0.95.
(b) P(late) = 0.25 × 0.1 + 0.75 × 0.05 (A1)(ft)(M1)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for two correct products from their
diagram and award (M1) for addition of their two products.
1 
= 0.0625  , 6.25%  (A1)(ft) (C3)
 16 
[6]
Ans.4
91
(a) = (0.607, 60 .6 % , 60.7%) (A1)(A1) (C2)
150
Note: Award (A1) for numerator, (A1) for denominator.
111  37 
(b) =  , 0.74, 74%  (A1)(ft)(A1) (C2)
150  50 
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for their numerator in (a) +20
provided the final answer is not greater than 1. (A1) for
denominator.
16
(c) (0.176, 17.6%) (A1)(A1)(ft) (C2)
91
Note: Award (A1) for numerator and (A1)(ft) for
denominator. Follow through from their numerator in (a)
provided answer is not greater than 1.
[6]

EPS/ MS/WS/Sets, logics & Probability/Gr.12/2018-19 Page 2

Ans.5
(a)
p q p  q p  (p  q) (p  ( p  q))  p
T T T T T
T F F T T
F T F F T
F F F F T
(A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft) (C3)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct column.
(b) tautology (A1)(ft) (C1)
Note: Follow through from their last column.
(c) ¬q  p (A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for ¬q and p in correct order, (A1) for 
sign.
Ans.6
(a)

(A2) (C2)
Note: Award (A2) for 3 correctly placed values, and no
extras (4 need not be seen), (A1) for 2 correctly placed
values, (A0) for 1 or no correctly placed values.
(b) 18 + 10 + 6 – 30 (M1)
=4 (A1) (C2)
4 2 
(c) P(A│B) =  , 0.4, 40%  (A1)(ft)(A1) (C2)
10  5 
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for their numerator from part (b), (A1)
for denominator.
[6]

Ans.7
90
(a) (0.45, 45 %) (A1)(A1) (C2)
200
Note: Award (A1) for numerator, (A1) for denominator.
60
(b) ( 0.6 , 0.667, 66 .6% , 66.6...%, 66.7 %) (A1)(A1)(ft) (C2)
90

EPS/ MS/WS/Sets, logics & Probability/Gr.12/2018-19 Page 3

 Notes: Award (A1) for numerator, (A1)(ft) for denominator,
follow through from their numerator in part (a). Last mark is
lost if answer is not a probability.

90 100 60
(c)   (M1)
200 200 200
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution in the combined
events formula. Follow through from their answer to part
(a).
130
= (0.65, 65 %) (A1)(ft)
200
OR
60 40 30
  (M1)
200 200 200
Note: Award (M1) for adding the correct fractions.
130
= (0.65, 65 %) (A1)
200
OR
70
=1– (M1)
200
Note: Award (M1) for subtraction of correct fraction from 1.
130
= (0.65, 65%) (A1) (C2)
200
[6]
Ans.8
40  1 
(a)  , 0.333, 33.3%  (A1)(A1)(G2)
120  3 
Note: Award (A1) for numerator, (A1) for denominator.
34  17 
(b)  , 0.283, 28.3%  (A1)(A1)(G2)
120  60 
Note: Award (A1) for numerator, (A1) for denominator.
8 2 
(c)  , 0.286, 28.6%  (A1)(A1)(G2)
28  7 
Note: Award (A1) for numerator, (A1) for denominator.
(d) customer satisfaction is independent of café (A1)
Note: Accept “customer satisfaction is not associated with
the café”.
(e) 2 (A1)
(f) 0.754 (G2)
Note: Award (G1)(G1)(AP) for 0.75 or for correct answer
incorrectly rounded to 3 s.f. or more, (G0) for 0.7.

EPS/ MS/WS/Sets, logics & Probability/Gr.12/2018-19 Page 4

 (g) since χ2calc < χ2crit (5.991) accept (or Do not reject) H0 (R1)(A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from their value in (e).
OR
Accept (or Do not reject) H0 as p-value (0.686) > 0.05 (R1)(A1)(ft)
Notes: Do not award (A1)(R0).
Award the (R1) for comparison of appropriate values.
[12]

Ans.9
(a) P(A  B) = 0 (A1) (C1)
(b) P(A  B) = P(A) × P(B)
4 5
=  (M1)
13 13
Note: Award (M1) for product of two fractions, decimals or
percentages.
20
P(A  B) = (= 0.118) (A1) (C2)
169
7 4 5
(c)   – P(A  B) (M1)(M1)
13 13 13
4 5
Notes: Award (M1) for  seen, (M1) for subtraction
13 13
7
of shown.
13
OR
Award (M1) for Venn diagram with 2 intersecting circles,
(A1) for correct probabilities in diagram.
2
P(A  B)  (= 0.154) (A1) (C3)
13
[6]
Ans.10
(a) (i) m=1 (A1)
(ii) n=3 (A1) (C2)
1 3
Note: Award (A0)(A1)(ft) for m = ,n=
8 8
Award (A0)(A1)(ft) for m = 3, n = 1.
3
31 
(b) P(B/R′) = 8   , 50%, 0.5  (M1)(A1)(ft) (C2)
6 62 
8
Note: Award (M1) for correctly substituted conditional
probability formula or for 6 seen as part of denominator.
3 3 9
(c) P(B, B) =   (0.141) (M1)(A1)(ft) (C2)
8 8 64

EPS/ MS/WS/Sets, logics & Probability/Gr.12/2018-19 Page 5

 Note: Award (M1) for product of two correct fractions,
decimals or percentages. (ft) from their answer to part (a)
(ii).
[6]

Ans.11
(a)

(A3)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct pair.
 77 
(b) 0.7 × 0.88 = 0.616  , 61.6%  (M1)(A1)(ft)(G2)
 125 
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying the correct probabilities.
(c) 0.3 × 0.25 + 0.7 × 0.88 (M1)(M1)
Notes: Award (M1) for a relevant two-factor product, could
be S × NP OR L × NP.
Award (M1) for summing 2 two-factor products.
 691 
P = 0.691  , 69.1%  (A1)(ft)(G2)
 1000 
Notes: (ft) from their answer to (b).
0.616
(d) (M1)(A1)
0.691
Note: Award (M1) for substituted conditional probability
formula, (A1) for correct substitution.
 616 
P = 0.891  , 89.1%  (A1)(ft)(G2)
 691 
[11]

EPS/ MS/WS/Sets, logics & Probability/Gr.12/2018-19 Page 6

Ans.12
(a) 3 (A1)
(b) For 5, 4, 7 (0) seen with no extra values (A1)
16 (A1)(G2)
(c) They like (both) the Salseros (S) and they like the Bluers (B) (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for “and”, (A1) for the correct groups.
(d) R  B S (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for R  B, (A1) for  S′
(e) (i) 21 + 3x = 33 (M1)
x=4 (A1)(G2)
(ii) 17 (A1)(ft)
[10]
Ans.13
(a)

(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for rectangle (U not required), (A1) for 3
intersecting circles, (A1) for 4 in central intersection, (A1)
for 16, 3, 8 and (A1) for 33, 10, 7 (ft) if subtraction is
carried out, or for S(56), Q(38) and R(22) seen by the
circles.
(b) 100 – 81 (M1)
19 (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Award (M1) for subtracting their total from 100.
(c) 33 + 10 + 7 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for adding their values from (a).
 50 
  × 100% (A1)(ft)
 100 
50% (50) (A1)(ft)(G3)
12  6
(d) P (own a cat given they own a bird) =  0.545,  (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)
22  11 
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for the numerator, (A1)(ft) for the
denominator.
[12]

EPS/ MS/WS/Sets, logics & Probability/Gr.12/2018-19 Page 7

Ans.14
(a)

(A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (A1) for a labeled Venn diagram with
appropriate sets.
(A1) for 7, (A1) for 8 and 5.
8
(b) P (Spanish / one language only) = 20 (M1)(A1)(ft)
8 5

20 20
Note: Award (M1) for substituted conditional probability
formula, (A1) for correct substitution. Follow through from
their Venn diagram.
8
= (0.615, 61.5%) (A1)(ft)
13
OR
8
P (Spanish / one language only) = (A1)(ft)(M1)
85
Note: Award (A1) for their correct numerator, (M1) for
correct recognition of regions.
Follow through from their Venn diagram.
8
= (0.615, 61.5%) (A1)(ft) (C3)
13
[6]
Ans.15
(a)

(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct number in the correct
position.
(b) 28 (A1)(ft)
Note: 20 + their 8
(c) 59 (A1)(ft)

EPS/ MS/WS/Sets, logics & Probability/Gr.12/2018-19 Page 8

 (d) 10 + 12 + 20 + 6 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for use of the correct regions.
= 48 (A1)(ft)(G2)
OR
59 – 8 – 3 (M1)
= 48 (A1)(ft)
[7]
Ans.16
(a)

(A1)
(A1)
(A1)
(A1)(ft)

Note: (A1) for rectangle with 3 intersecting circles,

(A1) for 1, (A1) for 5, 3, 2, (A1)(ft) for 9, 7, 20 if
subtraction is carried out, or 18, 15, 26 seen by
the letters D, I and C
(b) 50 – 47 (M1)
Note: (M1) for subtracting their value from 50.
=3 (A1)(ft)(G2)
9
(c) (A1)(ft)
50
20 19
(d)  (A1)(ft)(M1)
50 49
38  380 
=  , 0.155, 15.5 %  (A1)(ft)(G2)
245  2450 
Notes: (A1)(ft) for correct fractions from their
Venn diagram
(M1) for multiplying their fractions
(A1)(ft) for correct answer.
6 2 
(e)  , 0.4, 40 %  (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)
15  5 
Note: (A1)(ft) for numerator, (A1)(ft) denominator
[12]

EPS/ MS/WS/Sets, logics & Probability/Gr.12/2018-19 Page 9

Ans.17
(a)

(A3)
Notes: (A3) for correct histogram,
(A2) for one error, (A1) for two errors, (A0) for more
than two errors.
Award maximum (A2) if lines do not appear to be drawn
with a ruler.
Award maximum (A2) if a frequency polygon is drawn.
(C3)
(b) Modal group = 3800  w < 4000 (A1) (C1)
3
(c) Probability = (0.0857, 8.57) (A1)(A1)
35
Note: (A1) for correct numerator (A1) for correct denominator.
(C2)
[6]

Ans.18
Unit penalty (UP) is applicable where indicated.
55
50
45
40
35
number of 30
chickens 25
20
15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
weight (kg)

EPS/ MS/WS/Sets, logics & Probability/Gr.12/2018-19 Page 10

 (a) Dashed or solid line (using a ruler) passing through
mid-points of the 4 bars. (A1)
1   1 
Starting and finishing at  , 0  and  5 , 0  respectively. (A1) (C2)
2   2 
(b) 96 (A1) (C1)
UP (c) 3  weight  4 kg. (Accept 3–4 kg) (A1) (C1)
(d) For adding three heights or subtracting 14 from 96 (M1)
82 41
(0.854 or , 85.4) (ft) from (b). (A1)(ft) (C2)
96 48
[6]

Ans.19
(a)

0.9
0.65
0.1 0.6
0.35
0.4
0.8
0.2
1

(A1)(A1) (C2)
(b) 0.65  0.1 (= 0.065) (A1)
0.35  0.8  0.4 (= 0.112) (A1)
0.35  0.2  1 the 1 can be implied (= 0.07) (A1)(ft)
0.247 (A1)(ft) (C4)
Note: No (ft) for any probabilities greater than 1.
[6]

Ans.20
Lists without set brackets are acceptable in parts (a) and (b).
(a) A = {1, 3, 7, 21} (A2)
Note: Award (A1) for any three correct with no extra
members.
(b) (i) B = {7, 14. 21} (A1)
A  B = {1, 3, 7,14, 21} (A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A2) for correct answer alone.
(ii) C is the set of all even numbers in U (list is okay). (A1)
C  B = {14} (A1)(ft)(G2)
(c) A  B  C = {7, 21} (A1)(ft)
2 1
Probability is ( or 0.5) (A1)(ft)(G2)
4 2

EPS/ MS/WS/Sets, logics & Probability/Gr.12/2018-19 Page 11

 [8]

Ans.21
5  0  10  1  6  2  3  3  1  4
(a) Mean = = 1.4 (M2)(AG) 2
25
Note: Award (M1) for the numerator and (M1) for the
denominator.
_
(b)  f ( x  x) 2 = 5(0 – 1.4)2 + 10(1 – 1.4)2 + 6(2 – 1.4)2
+ 3(3 – 1.4)2 + 1(4 – 1.4)2 = 28 (M2)
_
Note: Award (M1) for ( x  x) 2 values, and (M1) for
multiplying by the appropriate frequencies.
28
S.D. = (M1)
25
= 1.06 (AG) 3
(c) Award (R1) for each acceptable reason, e.g.
Group 2 has more children in total.
Group 2 has a larger number of children per female.
Group 2 generally have larger families. (R2) 2
3 1
(d) P(> 2 children) = (M1)
25
4
= (A1) 2
25
4 3
(e) (i) P(both females have > 2 children) =  (M1)
25 24
12 1
= or or 0.02 (A1)
600 50
4 21
(ii) P(only 1 female has > 2 children) = 2 ×  (M2)
25 24
4 21
Note: Award (M1) for  , (M1) for multiplying by 2.
25 24
168 21
= or or 0.28 (A1)
600 75
6 1
(iii) P(second has 2 childrenfirst has 0) = or or 0.25 (A1) 6
24 4
[15]

EPS/ MS/WS/Sets, logics & Probability/Gr.12/2018-19 Page 12