CHAPTER I

Introduction

Education plays the most crucial component in the society that makes every

individual a lifelong learner. In addition, education plays a vital role in every

individual to seek his future. This is the essential aspect that an individual needs

to acquire from a young age to develop him towards achieving a better future.

Inspite the implementation of K-12 Program, substantial problems still exist

especially on the level of mastery and skills of the learners, knowledge and

performance, and lack of instructional materials as manifested in the result of

their periodic examination. Furthermore, the Percentage of Correct Responses

(PCR) per learning competency by subject area showed that student’s

performance in English is still very low.

Great melioration of knowledge, skills, and competency of the students are

the significant concern that should be addressed in every educational institution

to produce an improved outcome of every students.

Instructional materials in teaching play an important factor to achieve a

significant development in students’ performance. Book is one of the basic and

indispensable instructional material to help the needs of the learners. Books

assist in managing the lesson which generally saves time, gives direction to
lessons, guides for discussion, and it is the curriculum itself. On the other

hand, relying on text books alone with activities which are not suitable to the

learners capability and capacity to understand and produce such activities

learning is still vague. That’s the sole reason why this study was conducted.

Instructional materials such as worksheets in teaching English helps

learners better understand the lesson through activities. Knowledge that has

transpired during the discussion will be applied on the activities as an

evaluation or on the other hand as an enhancement or as an enrichment

activities. It is a necessary tool as an evaluation tool of the teachers to gather

data on what step to be done next.

The changes of learning style of the students and the availability of the

instructional materials put pressures on the subject teacher to achieved the

sole purpose of teaching which is to manifest on every students the learning

that has been transpired.

Teaching as well as the act of teaching is so complex itself that it is

impossible to suggest and claim that there is the best and specific teaching

strategies, method, or techniques which is superior of all. On the contrary,

there are ways on maintaining the interest of the students in teaching

English, especially for the high school students, is to provide activities which

they could perform individually, pair, or by small group after being given the

guidance, instruction such as worksheet.

Teachers can use worksheet as a tool to achieve the learning target in

language. It can also be used as an instrument to improve the performance

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of the students as well as the access to language through activities provided

on the instructional worksheet. It will contribute greatly on the students’

performance and progress on the learning target areas.

Taking into consideration the challenges in English, a worksheet on

teaching English is a necessity to meet the learners’ needs and equip them

with skills required for their level. This worksheet would be the output of this

study based on the Curriculum Guide and needs of the students in the

selected schools in Bongabong District.

Theoretical Framework

This study is supported by various theories and philosophies of well-known

educators, psychologists and experts to strengthen the findings and

outcomes.

The Theory of Behaviorism by E.L Thorndike as mentioned by Berns &

Ericson, (2011) posits that humans can be trained, or conditioned, to respond

in specific ways to specific stimuli and that given the correct stimuli,

personalities and behaviors of individuals, and even entire civilizations, can be

codified and controlled. The theory was applied in the form of conventional

way that emphasized in drill or memorization.

This theory relates the current study because this includes direct

instruction in teaching and learning process. On the other hand, this theory

applies the form of conventional way that emphasizes rote memorization. This

rote memorization seems like boring on the part of the students. Therefore, in

order to respond to the current study wherein learning falls on a complex

process, students must have activities and situations based context. In this

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case, the positions of this theory relate to the development of contextual

teaching and learning as a means of measuring the students’ observable

behaviors when they take part in teaching and learning process.

This theory is related to the study since this cognitive view focuses on

the internal processes. Learning is an active process and learners initiate

experiences, search for information to solve problems, and reorganize what

they already know to come up with the new insights.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

● Curriculum guides

 Distribution,
 Performance of
retrieval and
Grade 9 Learners in collation of
research
English
questionnaires

 Assessment of the  Analysis and

acceptability of the
interpretation Acceptable is the
of data instructional worksheets
instructional  Statistical
Treatment of
worksheets as to: Data

3.1 Objective;

3.2 Content;

3.3 Clarity;

3.4 Language and Style;

3.5 Presentation;

3.6 Activity;

3.7 Usefulness; and

3.8 Evaluation

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 FEEDBACH

Figure 1. A conceptual paradigm of the study

Figure 1 shows the relationship of the INPUT box which contains the

Performance of Grade Learners for the past three years, acceptability of the

instructional worksheets as to objective, content, clarity,language and style,

presentation, activity, usefulness, and evaluation, reference materials and

curriculumguides.

PROCESS box contains processes in gathering the data using

questionnaires and the tabulation of gathered data Distribution and retrieval

of research questionnaires, Analysis and interpretation of data, Statistical

Treatment of Data.

OUTPUT box contains the acceptable worksheets which is the output of

the study.

Statement of the Problem:

1. What is the performance of the Grade 9 learners in English for the last

three (3) years?

2. Based on the findings, what instructional materials may be recommended?

3. How acceptable is the instructional worksheets as assessed by School

Heads and English teachers in terms of:

3.1 Objective;

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3.2 Content;

3.3 Clarity;

3.4 Language and Style;

3.5 Presentation;

3.6 Activity;

3.7 Usefulness; and

3.8 Evaluation?

4. Is there a significant difference in the assessment of the respondents on

the aforementioned variables?

Hypothesis

1. There is no significant difference in the assessment of the respondents In

terms of:

3.1 Objective;

3.2 Content;

3.3 Clarity;

3.4 Language and Style;

3.5 Presentation;

3.6 Activity;

3.7 Usefulness; and

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3.8 Evaluation.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is focused on the acceptability of instructional worksheet in

teaching English 9 as assessed by the School heads and English teachers of

selected secondary school of Second Congressional District of Oriental

Mindoro in learning School Year 2019-2020.

A questionnaire with parts based on the statement of the problem will be

used to gather primary data from the school heads and English teachers.

This study is limited only on the school heads and English teachers of

selected secondary school of Second Congressional District of Oriental

Mindoro.

Significance of the Study

This study is beneficial to the following:

Learners. The Learners can be benefited in this study since the result

will be yielded will be used as their reference in determining the tangible

move of their English teacher to develop their thorough understanding of the

lessons. It will also give them, the concrete basis to recognize how

worksheets bears direct impact in their understanding of the lesson properly

that may be measured through outputs which is done at the end of the

lessons through evaluation.

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 Parents. The parents who have students enrolled in Bongabong

Technical and Vocational High School will gain deeper understanding on how

instructional worksheets is necessary in education. They will also credit the

observable development of their children in understanding the lesson which is

being taught in their English subject. This will facilitate the extension of the

most needed assistance from their ranks to speed up development in the

school.

Teachers. Teacher can afford the needs of the students when it comes

to teaching and develop students basic understanding of the lessons to better

accomplish outputs given to them. This will serve as guides in preparing

instructional materials which are responsive to the students’ needs.

Administrators - the result of this study will enable them to identify the

factors to be considered in asking their teachers in designing appropriate,

effective, and responsive instructional materials.

Future Researchers.The findings of this study will help them have an

additional reference materials in case future academic researcher will perform

pertaining to the Acceptability of Instructional Worksheet in teaching.

Definition of Terms

Approach. The level which a whole theory and its belief are reflected

regarding a language and its learning.

Claritydetermines if the presentations of concepts and principles,

language utilized, and vocabularies and terminologies of the instructional

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worksheets materials in teaching English for Grade 9 were clear, easy, and

concise that could reach the level of understanding and comprehension of the

Grade 9 students .

Content refers to the topics/lesson provided in the Curriculum Guide for

Grade 9 English which included in the worksheets.

Curriculum Guide refers to curriculum guide used in teaching Grade 9

English wherein the desired learning competencies where provided.

Department Heads refer to Head Teachers of the Secondary Schools

supervise the different learning discipline and grouped in the study as School

Administrators

Effectiveness it refers to the significance of the differences in between

the pre-test and post-test results given to the subjects of this study.

Evaluation refers to the process of determining the degree of gaining of

knowledge, understanding, and skills of both the slow and fast learners after

the utilization of the instructional worktext materials in English for Grade 9.

Language and Style refers to the manner of presenting the ilanguage,

concepts and principles, instructions/ directions in each activity/ assessment

of the nstructional worksheets materials in English for Grade 9, if these are

within the level of understanding and comprehension of the pupils.

English Teachers were grade 9 teachers teaching English in the four

(4) public elementary school in Roxas District in the Division of Oriental

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Mindoro, who assess the level of acceptability of the CAI materials in English

for Grade 9 in terms of aforementioned variables.

Instructional Worksheet. Prepared pages of containing exercises to be

completed which is designed to improve students knowledge and

understanding of a particular subject.

Instructional Material. Tools used in educational lessons, which

includes active learning and assessment. An resource a teacher uses to help

him teach students is an instructional material.

Instructional Strategies. This includes all the approaches that a

teacher may take to actively engage students in learning. These strategies

drive a teacher’s instruction as they work to meet specific learning objectives.

(Mecador, 2013)

Method. Based on a specific approach which is procedural. It is

understood as a group of procedure, a system that clearly explains how to

teach content and skills.

Least Mastered Competencies are the skill provided in the English

curriculum for Grade 9 is which below the Mean Percentage Score.

Objectives are the learning goals provided in each topic/ lesson of the

ICT integration materials in English for Grade 9 that would address to the

expected output and could enhance, improve pupil’s learning competencies

and skills.

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 Performance Level assumes to an extent to which students have

mastered the desired competencies as revealed by the pre test or post test.

Procedure. It is an ordered sequence of techniques

Technique. It is a specific strategy that we use in the classroom in a

form of a tool to obtain an immediate result.

Usefulness means how the instructional worksheets in English for Grade

9 motivate, enhance and improve the learning behaviour and process of the

students.

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