Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
India-Pakistan
Locations: Bangalore, Varanasi, Mumbai, Baluchistan, Punjab, Kashmir, Sindh, Karachi,
Khyber Pass, North-west frontier provinces, N and S Waziristan, Mumbai and Dharavi ,
Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh), Vranasi, Durand line, North and South Waziristan
**Durand line exists as the border between afghanistan and Pakistan
India/Pakistan: 1947 British Partition colonies in South Asia (India and Pakistan [E and
W] but still only one state) **Bangladesh didn’t exist at first
Consequence of partition
population transfers: huge minorities on both sides
Left millions people on the wrong side of the line
displacement: 17 million people moved to the other side (Muslims to Pakistan, Hindu to
India)
numbers killed: 2 million (violence along the border)
*Background on the conflict over Kashmir – why is there conflict? Line of control in
Kashmir
Kashmir is predominantly muslim, however the Prince of Kashmir was sympathetic
towards India. The territory has been contested with the muslims favoring Pakistan and
the authorities loyal to India. Large armies occupy this region.
Peters out at Kashmir (foothills of Himalayas)
Both sides claimed it that it was the territory to the respective side
Prince of Kashmir wanted it in India (Hindu) even though most people
wanted to be in Pakistan
Went to war (violence) especially Indian side
1971, most recent war over the independence of Bangladesh
Neglect of the west, the east by 1971 was mobilized to a more separate state
o Pakistan army added brutally and India got involved for B’s independence
Main political parties – BJP and Congress – what kind of India does each want?
BJP wants an implementation of traditional Hindu practices, want a more involvement in
the world economy, favor greater military state, conservative
Congress- desire a united India regardless of religion and ethnicity, desire keep Indian
economy to be self-contained, liberal
Hindutva
Hindu Nationalism, adopted ideology of BJP
Hindu based politics in the BJP
HINDU EXTREMISM/ FUNDAMENTALISM
Guiding agenda for the BJP
Examples:
o **want to impose Hindu curriculum in schools
Shift to neoliberalism in 1991 – effect on “Hindu growth rate” (slow Indian GDP growth)
shift led to higher GDP growth rate, nearly catching up with China
trade barriers came down, state companies were privatized, and foreign investment was
encouraged.