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Materiales con Memoria de Forma

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Materiales con memoria de forma
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El inicio…
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Superelasticidad
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Aplicaciones de estos materiales en medicina
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Otras aplicaciones de estos materiales
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¿Qué hacemos en el ICMA?
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