TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment

[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

Joshua A. Reyes
October 22, 2019

Part 1 - Item 6. Paste an image of the three individual bands and their corresponding histograms.

Band 4

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

Band 3

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

Band 2

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

Part 1 - Item 9: Interactive Stretching

Band Stretch Type Description Screenshot

Number
2 Original

2 Linear After linear

contrast
stretching, the
boundaries
between classes
became more
noticeable.
Moreover, the
contrast of the
output image
was somewhat
increased
dramatically.
2 Piecewise Linear The output
image was
somewhat
filtered to a
green color
overlay. But the
features that are
red in color looks
the same from
the original
image.

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

2 Gaussian After applying

Gaussian
Contrast
Stretches, the
original image
became lighter in
color.

2 Histogram Higher contrast

Equalization was noticed
compared from
the original
image after
applying
histogram
equalization.

2 Square Root The output

image was
somewhat
filtered to a light
violet color
overlay. But the
red features are
still noticeable.

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

2 Arbitrary The output

image produced
became a little
bit lighter
compared with
the original
image.

2 LUT Similar to
Arbitrary
Contrast
Stretching, the
output image
produced
became a little
bit lighter
compared with
the original
image.

3 Original

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

3 Linear The water

feature had
changed from
dark blue to light
blue. Looking on
the forest
feature, the
pixels had
changed from
red color to
orange color.
Also, built up
areas became
light green color.
3 Piecewise Linear Looking on the
water feature on
the image and
comparing it to
the original
image, the group
of pixels changed
to darker blue.
Same red color
for the forest
and built-up
areas became
purple in color.
3 Gaussian The image, as a
whole, became
lighter as we
compare it to the
original image.
Lighter blue for
water, lighter
orange for the
forest and lighter
cyan on the built-
up areas.

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

3 Histogram As we can see

Equalization from the output
image of
Histogram
Equalization,
water feature
has the same
color with the
image output of
Linear Contrast
Stretching. And
looking on the
other features,
the forest area is
basically red in
color while the
built-up areas
have light green
colors.
3 Square Root After applying
Square Root
Stretch on the
original image,
the water
feature became
lighter in color
and the color for
forest feature
changed to
yellow orange.
Lighter green for
built-up areas
was the result
after applying
this stretching.
3 Arbitrary The output
image is similar
with the Linear
Contrast
Stretching.

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

3 LUT Most apparent

difference of the
LUT output from
the original
image is that the
color of the
image became
lighter green.

4 Original

4 Linear After applying

Linear Contrast
Stretch on the
image, slight
change was
rendered. Both
water areas on
the images have
same blue color
and forested
areas have the
same red shade.
And for built-up
areas, minor
changed can be
noticed – lighter
cyan color on the
said area.

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

4 Piecewise Linear The most evident

change that we
can see as we
compare the
original and
output image is
that the color
forest areas have
changed from
red to maroon
and built-up
areas have
changed to
darker cyan.
Forest and
vegetation
became more
noticeable.
4 Gaussian For this kind of
stretch, water
area on the
output image has
the same blue
color. Similarly,
the forest areas
has the same red
color but with
more contrast
making way for
the details to be
more noticeable
(clear
cracks/edges and
more detailed
features).
Moreover, color
on built-up areas
became darker
cyan.

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

4 Histogram The output

Equalization image for this
stretch is similar
with the original
image but with
more detailed
edges specially
on the
forest/vegetation
areas.

4 Square Root The forest

feature from
resulting image
became lighter
red in color
compared to the
original image.
And comparing
from the output
of Linear Stretch,
they both look
the same but this
image is slightly
lighter in color.
4 Arbitrary Similarly, the
image after
Arbitrary
Stretching was
applied, there
was no
perceptible
change as to the
output image
from Gaussian
Stretch.

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

4 LUT The output

image for LUT
seems to be like
that of the
output image
from Gaussian
Contrast Stretch.

Part 1 - Item 34. Among the 7 stretch types, which do you think is the best image enhancement for
this image? Why?
A: For this image, the best image enhancement based on my own judgment is the Gaussian Contrast
Stretching. By using that image enhancement, differences of objects and features became more
noticeable. Comparing the output image from the original image, the resulting image became crisper in
such a way that the edges of the features on the image are more detailed as we inspect it visually.

Part 2 – Item 12. Record your observations in the table below:

Type Description Screenshot

High Pass Edges like shoreline, road,
river, etc. became more
noticeable. Having a 50-50
ratio of the original image and
the filtered image leads to a
more accurate interpretation
of the features on the output
image.

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

Low Pass After applying low pass

filtering, the original image
became blurry.

Laplacian Edges on the image has been

highlighted. The edges from
the original image became
much sharper and rendered
the image with more contrast.

Directional This kind of image filtering

shows some edge information
through the shadows produced
based on the user defined
direction of the image. The
information represents the
slopes based on the input
direction.

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

Gaussian Comparing the output image of

(Low Pass) Gaussian – Low Pass filter from
the original image, the output
image seems to be
smoothened. Based on the
changes, this type of image
filter can be used in order to
reduce image noises.

Gaussian The resulting image is similar to

(High Pass) Gaussian – Low Pass but
equally reducing the overall
brightness of the image.

Median Visually inspecting the resulting

image of this filter, image noise
was slightly reduced but at the
expense of the image quality.
The image appears slightly
degraded due to the image
enhancement applied.

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

Roberts The output image for this type

of convolution filter greatly
enhances the edges of the
object features present on the
image. Edges has been
sharpened which results to the
noticeable isolation of feature
from another feature.

User-Defined Using the default settings on

this kind of filtering, it resulted
to the image as seen on the
right side. Additional carry out
trials must be done further in
order to extract a more useful
output image for analysis.

Dilate The output image is brighter

than the original image which
results to larger area of some
feature, specifically the forest
area.

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 TC 24 – Remote Sensing of the Environment
[REPORT] Laboratory Exercise No. 5

Erode Comparing the resulting image

from the original image, the
value of bright spots seemed to
be leveled with each other
displaying a uniform
appearance.

Opening By further inspection of the

output image, this kind of
filtering reduces white
pixels/spots that are adjacent
or near darker pixels.

Closing In the same way, this kind of

filtering reduces black
pixels/spots that are adjacent
or near brighter pixels.

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